Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/entity_attribute.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 85 Logical Axioms: 13] Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/process_attribute.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 21 Logical Axioms: 2] http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8343-612X https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6962-2807 ENVO ENVO is an ontology which represents knowledge about environments,environmental processes, ecosystems, habitats, and related entities. It interoperates with other ontologies in the OBO Foundry and Library. New terms or revisions can be requested at https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/ Please see www.environmentontology.org for more information and citations. Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/entity_attribute_location.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 138 Logical Axioms: 23] Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/entity_quality_location.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 45 Logical Axioms: 6] http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1604-1512 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 example of usage has curation status definition editor note term editor alternative term definition source curator note expand assertion to term replaced by EnvO-Lite-GSC plurals A is disconnected_from B if they have no parts in common. Class: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Nothing> EquivalentTo: (BFO_0000050 some ?X) and (BFO_0000050 some ?Y) non_overlapping_with ENVO disconnected_from true true disconnected_from A is disconnected_from B if they have no parts in common. SO:cjm Disposition slim environmental_hazards Pathology slim Relational slim: types of quality that require an additional entity in order to exist ro-eco Scalar slim Value slim subset_property synonym_type_property consider has_alternative_id has_broad_synonym database_cross_reference has_exact_synonym has_narrow_synonym has_obo_format_version has_obo_namespace has_related_synonym has_synonym_type in_subset shorthand A duck swimming in a pond is partially surrounded by air and partially surrounded by water. x partially_surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for the region r that is adjacent to x, r partially overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies a non-trivial proportion of the outermost boundary of x Definition modified from 'surrounded by'. partially_surrounded_by results in transformation into Afforestation results in the expansion of a forest. A process, p, results in the expansion of a material entity, m, if the spatial extent of m is increased as a result of participating in p. results in expansion of To be ceded to RO results in proliferation of determined by determined by part of connects regulates (processual) surrounded by has habitat 2013-05-08T07:33:05Z ENVO has_condition Experimental relation used in EnvO. A condition defines a restricted range of a given quality or combination of qualities. If an environment class, E, has_condition C, then all qualities listed in C are restricted to the ranges defined in C in E. This is not intended as a logical conditional. has_condition envoPolar https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_feature macroscopic spatial feature envoPolar May appear on a map. geographic feature A cavity developed along a bedding-plane and elongate in cross-section as a result. ENVO ENVO:00000001 bedding-plane cave A cavity developed along a bedding-plane and elongate in cross-section as a result. web:http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature resulting from the influence of human beings on nature. FTT:78 TGN:50001 man-made feature manmade feature anthropogenic geographic feature An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature resulting from the influence of human beings on nature. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Mine tailings are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction (gangue) of an ore. FTT:625 FTT:631 ENVO dumping ground mine dump tailing ENVO:00000003 mine tailing Mine tailings are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction (gangue) of an ore. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailings dumping ground USGS:SDTS mine dump ADL:FTT tailing ADL:FTT FTT:1242 FTT:1252 FTT:15 FTT:16 FTT:18 FTT:19 FTT:21 FTT:22 FTT:23 FTT:24 FTT:25 FTT:26 FTT:27 FTT:28 FTT:29 FTT:37 SWEETRealm:AdministrativeRegion TGN:80001 TGN:81099 TGN:81123 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_region administrative area administrative division administrative entity boundary region civil area district free trade zone governed place leased area (government) leased zone (government) neutral zone (political) prefecture protectorate sheikdom sultanate trade zone administrative region administrative area ADL:FTT administrative division ADL:FTT administrative division Getty:TGN administrative entity Getty:TGN boundary region ADL:FTT civil area ADL:FTT district ADL:FTT free trade zone ADL:FTT governed place ADL:FTT leased area (government) ADL:FTT leased zone (government) ADL:FTT neutral zone (political) ADL:FTT prefecture ADL:FTT protectorate ADL:FTT sheikdom ADL:FTT sultanate ADL:FTT trade zone ADL:FTT A primary administrative division of a country, such as a state in the United States. FTT:414 FTT:569 Geonames:A.ADM1 TGN:81100 ENVO countries, 1st order division first level subdivision first-order administrative division ENVO:00000005 first-order administrative region A primary administrative division of a country, such as a state in the United States. Geonames:http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html countries, 1st order division ADL:FTT first level subdivision Getty:TGN first-order administrative division Geonames:feature A subdivision of a first-order administrative division. FTT:286 FTT:576 Geonames:A.ADM2 TGN:81300 ENVO countries, 2nd order division second level subdivision second-order administrative division ENVO:00000006 second-order administrative region A subdivision of a first-order administrative division. Geonames:http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html countries, 2nd order division ADL:FTT second level subdivision Getty:TGN second-order administrative division Geonames:feature A subdivision of a second-order administrative division. FTT:204 FTT:205 FTT:578 Geonames:A.ADM3 TGN:82401 ENVO barrio countries, 3rd order division third level subdivision third-order administrative division ENVO:00000007 third-order administrative region A subdivision of a second-order administrative division. Geonames:http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html barrio ADL:FTT countries, 3rd order division ADL:FTT third level subdivision Getty:TGN third-order administrative division Geonames:feature A subdivision of a third-order administrative division. FTT:580 FTT:581 Geonames:A.ADM4 TGN:82402 ENVO countries, 4th order division fourth level subdivision fourth-order administrative division ENVO:00000008 fourth-order administrative region A subdivision of a third-order administrative division. Geonames:http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html countries, 4th order division ADL:FTT fourth level subdivision Getty:TGN fourth-order administrative division Geonames:feature A political association with effective dominion over a geographic area. FTT:424 FTT:566 FTT:567 FTT:571 SWEETRealm:Country SWEETRealm:State TGN:80006 TGN:81010 TGN:81011 TGN:81102 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation nation independent nation independent political entity independent sovereign nation ENVO country political entity state ENVO:00000009 national geopolitical entity A political association with effective dominion over a geographic area. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State nation ADL:FTT independent nation Getty:TGN independent political entity Getty:TGN independent sovereign nation Getty:TGN country ADL:FTT political entity ADL:FTT A construction which enables the movement of humans, their animals or their vehicles. FTT:83 transport feature A construction which enables the movement of humans, their animals or their vehicles. MA:ma An enclosure for displaying selected plant or animal life. FTT:31 FTT:743 Geonames:S.GDN TGN:53010 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden garden ENVO PARK cropland park ENVO:00000011 garden An enclosure for displaying selected plant or animal life. Geonames:feature garden Geonames:feature PARK USGS:SDTS cropland USGS:SDTS park ADL:FTT A geographical feature associated with water. FTT:131 FTT:280 FTT:711 FTT:761 FTT:824 FTT:825 FTT:826 FTT:827 FTT:828 FTT:829 Geonames:H.OVF ENVO fluvial feature ENVO:00000012 envoPolar hydrographic feature A geographical feature associated with water. MA:ma fluvial feature ADL:FTT A collection of caves interconnected by enterable passages or linked hydrologically or a cave with an extensive complex of chambers and passages. ENVO ENVO:00000013 cave system A collection of caves interconnected by enterable passages or linked hydrologically or a cave with an extensive complex of chambers and passages. web:http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used for navigation, drainage or irrigation. EcoLexicon:canal FTT:129 FTT:395 FTT:407 FTT:408 Geonames:H.CNL SWEETRealm:Canal TGN:51252 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal ENVO ENVO:00000014 This class refers to the water contained in a canal channel, and not the channel itself. canal Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used for navigation, drainage or irrigation. MA:ma A marine water body which is constitutes the majority of an astronomical body's hydrosphere. EcoLexicon:ocean FTT:1019 FTT:943 Geonames:H.OCN LTER:695 SWEETRealm:Ocean TGN:21102 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean Ocean ocean ocean region envoMarine envoPolar ocean Ocean NASA:earthrealm ocean Geonames:feature ocean region ADL:FTT A large expanse of saline water usually connected with an ocean. EcoLexicon:sea FTT:233 FTT:830 Geonames:H.SEA TGN:21103 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea Sea sea channel closed sea marginal sea open sea open sound open water ENVO ENVO:00000016 envoMarine envoPolar sea A large expanse of saline water usually connected with an ocean. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea Sea NASA:earthrealm sea ADL:FTT sea Geonames:feature closed sea USGS:SDTS marginal sea USGS:SDTS open sea USGS:SDTS open sound USGS:SDTS open water USGS:SDTS A geographical feature associated with water with a halinity above 30 ppt (roughly 35 g/L). ENVO ENVO:00000017 saline hydrographic feature A geographical feature associated with water with a halinity above 30 ppt (roughly 35 g/L). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinity A river that has either permanently or temporally lost its water. false ENVO ENVO:00000018 obsolete dry river true A river that has either permanently or temporally lost its water. MA:ma A lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts. FTT:221 FTT:907 Geonames:H.LKN Geonames:H.LKSN TGN:21116 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_lake salt lake salina soda lake saline lake A lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts. MA:ma salt lake USGS:SDTS salina USGS:SDTS A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained in a depression on a landmass. EcoLexicon:lake FTT:221 FTT:704 FTT:909 Geonames:H.LK Geonames:H.LKS LTER:278 SPIRE:Lake_or_pond SWEETRealm:Lake TGN:21114 TGN:21115 catch basin open water tarn broad llyn loch lochan lough mere mortlake pasteuer lake envoPolar lake A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained in a depression on a landmass. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake catch basin USGS:SDTS open water USGS:SDTS tarn ADL:FTT lochan ADL:FTT mortlake USGS:SDTS pasteuer lake USGS:SDTS A lake of whose water contains low concentrations of salts. SWEETRealm:FreshwaterLake FreshwaterLake ENVO ENVO:00000021 envoPolar freshwater lake A lake of whose water contains low concentrations of salts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freshwater FreshwaterLake NASA:earthrealm A stream which, through permanent or seasonal flow processes, moves from elevated land towards lower elevations through a definite channel and empties either into a sea, lake, or another river or ends on land as bed seepage and evapotranspiration exceed water supply. EcoLexicon:river FTT:1179 FTT:251 LTER:474 SPIRE:River SWEETRealm:River TGN:21105 rio braided river ENVO ENVO:00000022 "There are no official definitions for the generic term river as applied to geographic features, although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location; examples are "run" in some parts of the United States, "burn" in Scotland and northeast England, and "beck" in northern England. Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek, but not always: the language is vague." river A stream which, through permanent or seasonal flow processes, moves from elevated land towards lower elevations through a definite channel and empties either into a sea, lake, or another river or ends on land as bed seepage and evapotranspiration exceed water supply. ADL:FTT http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River rio ADL:FTT rio USGS:SDTS braided river USGS:SDTS "There are no official definitions for the generic term river as applied to geographic features, although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location; examples are "run" in some parts of the United States, "burn" in Scotland and northeast England, and "beck" in northern England. Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek, but not always: the language is vague." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River Linear body of water flowing on the Earth's surface. watercourse EcoLexicon:stream FTT:105 FTT:1221 FTT:1225 FTT:1261 FTT:303 FTT:371 FTT:593 FTT:721 Geonames:H.STM Geonames:H.STMS LTER:562 SWEETRealm:Stream TGN:21106 TGN:21107 TGN:21108 TGN:21109 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream Stream stream streams braided stream fork (hydrographic lode millstream stream bend ENVO Creek beck brook burn (hydrographic) creek rivulet ENVO:00000023 stream Linear body of water flowing on the Earth's surface. USGS:http://mapping.usgs.gov/www/ti/GNIS/gnis_users_guide_appendixc.html watercourse ADL:FTT watercourse USGS:SDTS Stream NASA:earthrealm stream Geonames:feature streams Geonames:feature braided stream USGS:SDTS fork (hydrographic ADL:FTT lode USGS:SDTS stream bend ADL:FTT Creek NASA:earthrealm beck USGS:SDTS brook ADL:FTT brook Getty:TGN burn (hydrographic) ADL:FTT creek ADL:FTT creek Getty:TGN creek USGS:SDTS rivulet USGS:SDTS A stream whose flow is not continuous. stream FTT:105 FTT:882 Geonames:H.STMI https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermittent_stream intermittent stream ENVO ENVO:00000024 obsolete intermittent stream true A stream whose flow is not continuous. MA:ma stream ADL:FTT intermittent stream Geonames:feature An artificial body of water, often contained by a dam, constructed for the purpose of water storage. lake EcoLexicon:reservoir FTT:587 FTT:588 FTT:882 Geonames:H.RSV SWEETRealm:Reservoir TGN:51259 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir reservoir covered reservoir ENVO ENVO:00000025 reservoir An artificial body of water, often contained by a dam, constructed for the purpose of water storage. MA:ma lake USGS:SDTS reservoir Geonames:feature covered reservoir ADL:FTT A cylindrical hole, pit, or tunnel drilled or dug down to a depth from which water, oil, or gas can be pumped or brought to the surface. EcoLexicon:well FTT:1032 FTT:1237 FTT:833 Geonames:H.WLL Geonames:H.WLLS SWEETRealm:Well TGN:51255 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well ENVO ENVO:00000026 well A cylindrical hole, pit, or tunnel drilled or dug down to a depth from which water, oil, or gas can be pumped or brought to the surface. Geonames:feature A point where groundwater or steam flows out of the ground, and is thus where the aquifer surface meets the ground surface or where there is a fissure. EcoLexicon:spring FTT:982 Geonames:H.SPNG SWEETRealm:Spring TGN:21126 SPRING Spring spring ENVO seep ENVO:00000027 spring A point where groundwater or steam flows out of the ground, and is thus where the aquifer surface meets the ground surface or where there is a fissure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_%28hydrosphere%29#Classification SPRING USGS:SDTS Spring NASA:earthrealm spring Geonames:feature seep USGS:SDTS A quarry from which sand is extracted. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_pit ENVO sand pit ENVO:00000028 sand pit quarry A quarry from which sand is extracted. MA:ma A flowing body of water. EcoLexicon:brook EcoLexicon:course EcoLexicon:culvert EcoLexicon:gully EcoLexicon:ravine EcoLexicon:spillway EcoLexicon:waterway FTT:105 Geonames:H.NRWS Geonames:H.RCH Geonames:H.WTRC Geonames:S.SPLY TGN:21110 TGN:21131 TGN:21133 TGN:21137 TGN:21163 TGN:21499 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watercourse culvert dredged channel fork gulch gully gut gutter kill lode narrows overflow channel passage pup race ravine reach rill rivulet run runnel seachannel seaway spillway stream tideway wash water gap awawa barranca beck branch brook course draw moat narrows narrows (hydrographic) watercourse A flowing body of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watercourse culvert USGS:SDTS dredged channel USGS:SDTS fork USGS:SDTS gulch USGS:SDTS gully USGS:SDTS gut Getty:TGN gut USGS:SDTS gutter USGS:SDTS kill USGS:SDTS lode USGS:SDTS narrows Geonames:feature narrows USGS:SDTS overflow channel USGS:SDTS passage Getty:TGN passage USGS:SDTS pup USGS:SDTS race USGS:SDTS ravine USGS:SDTS reach Geonames:feature reach Getty:TGN reach USGS:SDTS rill USGS:SDTS rivulet USGS:SDTS run Getty:TGN run USGS:SDTS runnel USGS:SDTS seachannel USGS:SDTS seaway USGS:SDTS spillway Geonames:feature spillway USGS:SDTS stream ADL:FTT tideway USGS:SDTS wash USGS:SDTS water gap USGS:SDTS awawa USGS:SDTS barranca USGS:SDTS beck USGS:SDTS branch USGS:SDTS brook USGS:SDTS course USGS:SDTS draw USGS:SDTS moat USGS:SDTS narrows Getty:TGN narrows (hydrographic) ADL:FTT A cave without streams or drips of water. dry cave ENVO ENVO:00000030 dead cave A cave without streams or drips of water. web:http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html A valley or ravine, bounded by relatively steep banks, which in the rainy season becomes a watercourse. EcoLexicon:wadi FTT:157 FTT:158 FTT:159 FTT:160 FTT:161 FTT:163 FTT:164 Geonames:H.WAD Geonames:H.WADB Geonames:H.WADJ Geonames:H.WADS SWEETRealm:Arroyo SWEETRealm:Wash TGN:21167 TGN:21423 TGN:21424 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadi wadis wadi bend wadi junction wadi mouth arroyo coulee gully nullah wash The temporality of wadis is problematic in deciding whether they are watercourses or valleys. wadi A valley or ravine, bounded by relatively steep banks, which in the rainy season becomes a watercourse. Geonames:feature wadis Geonames:feature wadi bend ADL:FTT wadi bend Geonames:feature wadi junction ADL:FTT wadi mouth ADL:FTT arroyo ADL:FTT coulee ADL:FTT coulee Getty:TGN gully ADL:FTT nullah USGS:SDTS wash ADL:FTT An area of water bordered by land on three sides. EcoLexicon:bay FTT:190 FTT:232 FTT:235 Geonames:H.BAY Geonames:H.BAYS Geonames:H.BGHT SWEETRealm:Bay TGN:21121 TGN:21123 TGN:21127 ENVO bahia embayment firth inlet sea loch sea lough ENVO:00000032 bay An area of water bordered by land on three sides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay bahia ADL:FTT inlet USGS:SDTS A body of water, usually of smaller size than a lake. lake EcoLexicon:pond FTT:221 FTT:902 FTT:904 FTT:905 Geonames:H.PND Geonames:H.PNDS Geonames:H.POOL SPIRE:Lake_or_pond SWEETRealm:Pond TGN:21104 TGN:21119 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pond Pond pool (water body) ENVO POOL millpond pond ponds pool pool (water body) ENVO:00000033 pond A body of water, usually of smaller size than a lake. MA:ma lake ADL:FTT lake USGS:SDTS Pond NASA:earthrealm pool (water body) ADL:FTT POOL Getty:TGN millpond ADL:FTT millpond USGS:SDTS pond ADL:FTT pond Geonames:feature ponds Geonames:feature pool Geonames:feature pool USGS:SDTS pool (water body) USGS:SDTS An area of broken, fast flowing water in a stream, where the slope of the bed increases (but without a prominent break of slope which might result in a waterfall), or where a gently dipping bar of harder rock outcrops. EcoLexicon:rapids FTT:212 Geonames:H.RPDS SWEETRealm:Torrent TGN:21162 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapids RAPIDS rapids cataract torrent rapids An area of broken, fast flowing water in a stream, where the slope of the bed increases (but without a prominent break of slope which might result in a waterfall), or where a gently dipping bar of harder rock outcrops. USGS:SDTS RAPIDS USGS:SDTS rapids ADL:FTT rapids Geonames:feature cataract USGS:SDTS torrent USGS:SDTS A wetland ecosystem which includes communities of grasses, rushes, reeds, typhas, sedges, and other herbaceous plants (possibly with low-growing woody plants). wetland EcoLexicon:marsh FTT:1118 FTT:185 FTT:945 Geonames:H.MRSH LTER:326 SPIRE:Marsh SWEETRealm:Marsh TGN:21322 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh Marsh marsh quagmire marsh A wetland ecosystem which includes communities of grasses, rushes, reeds, typhas, sedges, and other herbaceous plants (possibly with low-growing woody plants). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh wetland ADL:FTT wetland USGS:SDTS Marsh NASA:earthrealm marsh Geonames:feature quagmire ADL:FTT quagmire USGS:SDTS Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used irrigation. canal FTT:129 FTT:405 Geonames:H.CNLI irrigation canal ENVO ENVO:00000036 irrigation canal Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used irrigation. MA:ma canal Geonames:feature irrigation canal ADL:FTT irrigation canal Geonames:feature A small, human-made channel which has been dug for draining or irrigating the land. EcoLexicon:drain FTT:129 FTT:400 FTT:403 Geomames:DTCH SWEETRealm:Drain TGN:51256 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ditch ENVO ENVO:00000037 ditch A small, human-made channel which has been dug for draining or irrigating the land. Geonames:feature A sheet of saline water separated from the open sea by sand or shingle banks. The sheet of water between an offshore reef, especially of coral and mainland. The sheet of water within a ring or horseshoe shaped atoll. lake EcoLexicon:lagoon FTT:221 FTT:898 FTT:899 Geonames:H.LGN Geonames:H.LGNS SWEETRealm:Lagoon TGN:21125 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagoon LAGOON Lagoon lagoon lagoons laguna ENVO barrier lagoon ENVO:00000038 lagoon A sheet of saline water separated from the open sea by sand or shingle banks. The sheet of water between an offshore reef, especially of coral and mainland. The sheet of water within a ring or horseshoe shaped atoll. USGS:SDTS lake ADL:FTT LAGOON USGS:SDTS Lagoon NASA:earthrealm lagoon Geonames:feature lagoons Geonames:feature laguna ADL:FTT laguna USGS:SDTS barrier lagoon USGS:SDTS A long and narrow sea inlet with high steeply sloped walled sides. A fjord is a landform created during a period of glaciation. EcoLexicon:fiord FTT:231 FTT:690 FTT:704 Geonames:H.FJD Geonames:H.FJDS SWEETRealm:Fiord SWEETRealm:Fjord TGN:21122 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjord envoPolar fjord A long and narrow sea inlet with high steeply sloped walled sides. A fjord is a landform created during a period of glaciation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjord A sudden descent of water over a step or ledge in the bed of a river. EcoLexicon:force EcoLexicon:waterfall FTT:435 FTT:436 FTT:439 FTT:680 Geonames:H.FLLS TGN:21161 TGN:21166 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterfall WATERFALL force linn waterfalls cascade cataract fall falls Should this be a hydroform? waterfall A sudden descent of water over a step or ledge in the bed of a river. USGS:SDTS WATERFALL USGS:SDTS waterfalls Geonames:feature cascade ADL:FTT cascade USGS:SDTS cataract ADL:FTT cataract Getty:TGN fall ADL:FTT falls USGS:SDTS A tidal water channel. Creeks may often dry to a muddy channel with little or no flow at low tide, but often with significant depth of water at high tide. stream FTT:105 FTT:1223 Geonames:H.CRKT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_creek tidal creek tidal creek A tidal water channel. Creeks may often dry to a muddy channel with little or no flow at low tide, but often with significant depth of water at high tide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_creek stream ADL:FTT tidal creek Geonames:feature Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used drainage. canal FTT:129 FTT:401 Geonames:H.CNLD drainage canal ENVO ENVO:00000042 drainage canal Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used drainage. MA:ma canal ADL:FTT drainage canal ADL:FTT drainage canal Geonames:feature An vegetated area which overlaps a wetland ecosystem. WetlandRegion wetland area An vegetated area which overlaps a wetland ecosystem. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland WetlandRegion NASA:earthrealm A wetland type that accumulates acidic peat, a deposit of dead plant material. wetland EcoLexicon:peat_bog FTT:1061 FTT:185 FTT:281 FTT:983 Geonames:H.BOG LTER:402 LTER:70 SPIRE:Bog SWEETRealm:Peatland TGN:21304 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peatland ENVO Peatland bog mire morass muskeg peat bog ENVO:00000044 envoPolar peatland A wetland type that accumulates acidic peat, a deposit of dead plant material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bog wetland ADL:FTT wetland USGS:SDTS Peatland NASA:earthrealm bog ADL:FTT bog Geonames:feature bog USGS:SDTS morass USGS:SDTS muskeg USGS:SDTS peat bog USGS:SDTS 1 A semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. mouth EcoLexicon:estuary FTT:234 Geonames:H.ESTY LTER:182 SWEETRealm:Estuary TGN:21152 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary Estuary estuary inlet estuary A semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary mouth USGS:SDTS Estuary NASA:earthrealm estuary Geonames:feature inlet USGS:SDTS A dense growth of shrubbery planted as a fence or boundary. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedge HEDGE hedgerow ENVO shelter belt ENVO:00000046 hedge A dense growth of shrubbery planted as a fence or boundary. USGS:SDTS HEDGE USGS:SDTS hedgerow USGS:SDTS shelter belt USGS:SDTS ENVO:01001240 ENVO_01001239 obsolete canopy true Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used navigation. EcoLexicon:navigation_channel FTT:409 FTT:467 Geonames:H.CHNN Geonames:H.CNLN TGN:51257 navigation canal navigation channel navigation canal ENVO navigation channel ship cannal ENVO:00000048 navigation canal Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used navigation. MA:ma navigation canal Geonames:feature navigation channel Geonames:feature navigation canal ADL:FTT navigation channel ADL:FTT ship cannal USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000052 ENVO:00000215 ENVO:00000407 ENVO:01000265 ENVO ENVO:00000049 obsolete volcanic hydrographic feature true A hot spring that erupts periodically, ejecting a column of hot water and steam into the air. thermal feature EcoLexicon:geyser FTT:755 Geonames:H.GYSR TGN:21171 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geyser GEYSER geyser geyser A hot spring that erupts periodically, ejecting a column of hot water and steam into the air. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geyser thermal feature ADL:FTT GEYSER USGS:SDTS geyser Geonames:feature A spring that is produced by the emergence of geothermally-heated groundwater from the Earth's crust. spring EcoLexicon:thermal_spring FTT:732 FTT:815 Geonames:H.SPNT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_spring hot spring hotspring thermal feature thermal spring hot spring A spring that is produced by the emergence of geothermally-heated groundwater from the Earth's crust. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_spring spring USGS:SDTS hot spring Geonames:feature thermal feature ADL:FTT A lake contained within a volcanic crater. FTT:384 FTT:590 Geonames:H.LKC Geonames:H.LKSC TGN:21138 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_lake volcanic crater lake A lake contained within a volcanic crater. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_lake A marsh in which soils are saturated with water that contains low concentrations of salts. freshwater marsh A marsh in which soils are saturated with water that contains low concentrations of salts. MA:ma A marsh whose water contains a considerable quantity of dissolved salts. wetland EcoLexicon:salt_marsh FTT:1190 FTT:185 Geonames:H.MRSHN LTER:482 TGN:21323 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_marsh salt marsh salting salt marsh tidal marsh It would be more correct to say that this has_quality salty or has_part ((soil and water) and has_increased_levels_of salt. saline marsh A marsh whose water contains a considerable quantity of dissolved salts. MA:ma wetland ADL:FTT salt marsh USGS:SDTS salting USGS:SDTS salt marsh Geonames:feature tidal marsh USGS:SDTS A shallow man-made pond designed to produce salt from sea water. The seawater is fed into large ponds and water is drawn out through natural evaporation which allows the salt to be subsequently harvested. lake FTT:221 FTT:906 FTT:908 Geonames:H.MFGN Geonames:H.PNDN Geonames:H.PNDSN https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_evaporation_pond salt evaporation pond ENVO salt pond salt ponds saltern ENVO:00000055 saline evaporation pond A shallow man-made pond designed to produce salt from sea water. The seawater is fed into large ponds and water is drawn out through natural evaporation which allows the salt to be subsequently harvested. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_evaporation_ponds lake ADL:FTT salt evaporation pond ADL:FTT salt evaporation pond Geonames:feature salt pond ADL:FTT salt pond Geonames:feature salt ponds Geonames:feature A pond or lake used for the artificial culture of fish. FTT:221 FTT:696 FTT:701 Geonames:H.PNDSF https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishpond ENVO ENVO:00000056 fishpond A pond or lake used for the artificial culture of fish. MA:ma An swamp formed of trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics. wetland woodland EcoLexicon:mangrove_swamp FTT:185 FTT:934 Geonames:H.MGV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangrove_swamp mangal mangrove swamp MangroveForest mangrove swamp An swamp formed of trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics. MA:ma wetland ADL:FTT wetland USGS:SDTS woodland USGS:SDTS mangrove swamp Geonames:feature MangroveForest NASA:earthrealm A lake which is formed under the surface of the Earth. Such a lake may be associated with caves and aquifers and springs. FTT:445 FTT:449 Geonames:H.LKSB TGN:21188 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_lake underground lake ENVO ENVO:00000058 envoPolar underground lake A lake which is formed under the surface of the Earth. Such a lake may be associated with caves and aquifers and springs. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Types_of_lakes underground lake Geonames:feature A river that is under the surface of the Earth. TGN:21187 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_river ENVO ENVO:00000059 underground river A river that is under the surface of the Earth. MA:ma A stream that is under the surface of the Earth. ENVO ENVO:00000060 underground stream A stream that is under the surface of the Earth. MA:ma A geographical feature associated with water that is under the surface of the earth. ENVO ENVO:00000061 This class should probably be replaced with a quality-like entity "underground" which can then be distributed to the subclasses, solving the double inheritance. underground water body A geographical feature associated with water that is under the surface of the earth. MA:ma 1 Place or area with clustered or scattered buildings and a permanent human population. place FTT:1097 FTT:33 Geonames:P.PPL Geonames:P.PPLS TGN:22201 TGN:83002 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populated_place inhabited place populated place populated places settlement ENVO inhabited region populated locality ENVO:00000062 populated place Place or area with clustered or scattered buildings and a permanent human population. USGS:http://mapping.usgs.gov/www/ti/GNIS/gnis_users_guide_appendixc.html place USGS:SDTS inhabited place Getty:TGN populated place Geonames:feature populated places Geonames:feature settlement USGS:SDTS An accumulation of water of varying size. hydrographic feature EcoLexicon:waterbody FTT:131 FTT:280 FTT:827 SWEETRealm:BodyOfWater TGN:21100 TGN:21101 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_body aquatic feature bodies of water body of water waterbody https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ The term body of water most often refers to large accumulations of water, such as oceans, seas, and lakes, but it includes smaller pools of water such as ponds, wetlands, or more rarely, puddles. A body of water does not have to be still or contained; Rivers, streams, canals, and other geographical features where water moves from one place to another are also considered bodies of water. water body An accumulation of water of varying size. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_of_water hydrographic feature ADL:FTT bodies of water Getty:TGN body of water ADL:FTT body of water Getty:TGN An open way for the passage of vehicles, persons, or animals on land. EcoLexicon:road FTT:1058 FTT:1183 FTT:1185 FTT:1187 FTT:431 FTT:443 FTT:646 FTT:798 FTT:884 Geonames:R Geonames:R.RD Geonames:R.ST LTER:475 SWEETRealm:Highway TGN:53151 TGN:53153 TGN:53154 TGN:53157 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road ROAD road board walk caravan route causeway drive highway intersection parkway road bend road junction traffic circle accessway alley avenue boulevard cart track drove farm lane freeway lane roadway street thorofare thoroughfare thruway turnpike road An open way for the passage of vehicles, persons, or animals on land. USGS:SDTS ROAD USGS:SDTS road Geonames:feature board walk USGS:SDTS caravan route ADL:FTT causeway ADL:FTT drive ADL:FTT highway ADL:FTT highway Getty:TGN highway USGS:SDTS intersection ADL:FTT parkway ADL:FTT parkway Getty:TGN road bend ADL:FTT road junction ADL:FTT traffic circle ADL:FTT accessway USGS:SDTS alley USGS:SDTS avenue USGS:SDTS boulevard USGS:SDTS cart track USGS:SDTS drove ADL:FTT farm lane USGS:SDTS freeway USGS:SDTS roadway ADL:FTT street ADL:FTT street Geonames:feature street Getty:TGN street USGS:SDTS thorofare USGS:SDTS thoroughfare USGS:SDTS thruway USGS:SDTS turnpike USGS:SDTS A permanent way having one or more rails which provides a track for cars. railroad feature FTT:1132 FTT:960 Geonames:R Geonames:R.RR TGN:53155 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway RAILWAY railroad ENVO ENVO:00000065 railway A permanent way having one or more rails which provides a track for cars. USGS:SDTS railroad feature ADL:FTT RAILWAY USGS:SDTS railroad Geonames:feature railroad Getty:TGN railroad USGS:SDTS A tunnel constructed by human means. tunnel tunnels FTT:1136 FTT:1184 FTT:396 FTT:397 Geonames:R.TNL Geonames:R.TNLRD Geonames:R.TNLRR Geonames:R.TNLS TGN:51845 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel canal tunnel railroad tunnel road tunnel underpass ENVO ENVO:00000066 man-made tunnel A tunnel constructed by human means. MA:ma tunnel ADL:FTT tunnel Geonames:feature tunnels Geonames:feature canal tunnel ADL:FTT railroad tunnel ADL:FTT railroad tunnel Geonames:feature road tunnel ADL:FTT road tunnel Geonames:feature underpass USGS:SDTS Naturally formed, subterranean open area or chamber. FTT:1071 FTT:443 FTT:445 FTT:446 FTT:447 Geonames:S.CAVE SWEETRealm:Cave TGN:21485 TGN:21486 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave ENVO cavern grotto notch ENVO:00000067 cave Naturally formed, subterranean open area or chamber. USGS:SDTS cavern ADL:FTT cavern USGS:SDTS grotto USGS:SDTS notch USGS:SDTS An underground or underwater passage. FTT:445 FTT:448 Geonames:R.TNLN SWEETRealm:Tunnel TGN:21447 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel TUNNEL cave natural tunnel tunnel An underground or underwater passage. USGS:SDTS TUNNEL USGS:SDTS cave ADL:FTT natural tunnel Geonames:feature natural tunnel Getty:TGN A stream that branches off and flows away from a main stream channel. They are a common feature of river deltas. stream watercourse FTT:636 Geonames:H.STMD https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributary distributary stream distributary ENVO ENVO:00000069 distributary A stream that branches off and flows away from a main stream channel. They are a common feature of river deltas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributary stream ADL:FTT watercourse USGS:SDTS distributary ADL:FTT distributary Geonames:feature stream distributary Getty:TGN A feature that has been constructed by deliberate human effort. "constructed" should probably be made something like a quality and this class obsoleted or filled only by inference constructed feature construction A feature that has been constructed by deliberate human effort. MA:ma A cave developed along a fault or fault zone, either by movement of the fault or by preferential solution along it. ENVO ENVO:00000071 fault cave A cave developed along a fault or fault zone, either by movement of the fault or by preferential solution along it. web:http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html Structure designed to transport water from a remote source, usually by gravity. FTT:128 Geonames:H.CNLA SWEETRealm:Aqueduct TGN:51258 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaduct aqueduct ENVO WATERCOURSE BRIDGE ENVO:00000072 aquaduct Structure designed to transport water from a remote source, usually by gravity. ADL:FTT aqueduct Geonames:feature aqueduct Getty:TGN aqueduct USGS:SDTS WATERCOURSE BRIDGE USGS:SDTS A permanent walled and roofed construction. FTT:42 Geonames:S.BLDG LTER:76 TGN:51011 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building BUILDING building ENVO ENVO:00000073 building A permanent walled and roofed construction. USGS:SDTS BUILDING USGS:SDTS building Geonames:feature A barrier constructed across a watercourse to control the flow or raise the level of water. EcoLexicon:dam FTT:599 FTT:600 Geonames:S.DAM SWEETRealm:Dam TGN:51253 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam DAM Dam dam barrage dam site dam A barrier constructed across a watercourse to control the flow or raise the level of water. USGS:SDTS DAM USGS:SDTS Dam NASA:earthrealm dam Geonames:feature barrage USGS:SDTS dam site ADL:FTT A built structure erected over a depression or obstacle to carry traffic or some facility such as a pipeline. EcoLexicon:bridge FTT:297 Geonames:S.BDG TGN:51841 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge BRIDGE bridge covered bridge footbridge overpass ENVO ENVO:00000075 bridge A built structure erected over a depression or obstacle to carry traffic or some facility such as a pipeline. USGS:SDTS BRIDGE USGS:SDTS bridge Geonames:feature covered bridge USGS:SDTS footbridge USGS:SDTS overpass USGS:SDTS An excavation in the Earth for the purpose of extracting earth materials. EcoLexicon:mine FTT:14 FTT:968 Geonames:L.MNA Geonames:S.MN TGN:54211 TGN:54212 mine An excavation in the Earth for the purpose of extracting earth materials. USGS:SDTS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mine FTT:1246 FTT:1247 FTT:44 FTT:45 FTT:46 FTT:48 FTT:50 FTT:51 FTT:52 FTT:57 FTT:60 FTT:62 FTT:63 FTT:64 FTT:72 FTT:74 Geonames:L.AGRC Geonames:L.RESA Geonames:S.NSY TGN:55001 barn cattle dipping tank corral dairy feedlot grange grazing allotment irrigated field nursery pastoral site sheepfold stockyard AgriculturalLands agricultural colony agricultural facility agricultural land agricultural reserve agricultural site As with other classes that are "features", the subclasses of this class are being moved to more informative locations. Their relation to agriculture will be modelled by something more akin to a quality or relation to an agricultural process. agricultural feature barn ADL:FTT cattle dipping tank ADL:FTT corral ADL:FTT dairy ADL:FTT feedlot ADL:FTT grange ADL:FTT grazing allotment ADL:FTT irrigated field ADL:FTT nursery ADL:FTT nursery Geonames:feature pastoral site ADL:FTT sheepfold ADL:FTT stockyard ADL:FTT AgriculturalLands NASA:earthrealm agricultural colony Geonames:feature agricultural facility ADL:FTT agricultural land Getty:TGN agricultural reserve ADL:FTT agricultural reserve Geonames:feature agricultural site ADL:FTT An area of land which is used for the cultivation of crops or grazing of livestock, including any agricultural constructions therein. agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:58 FTT:59 FTT:69 Geonames:S.FRM Geonames:S.FRMS Geonames:S.RNCH TGN:54011 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farm FARM farm farms farmstead ranch farm An area of land which is used for the cultivation of crops or grazing of livestock, including any agricultural constructions therein. USGS:SDTS agricultural site ADL:FTT FARM USGS:SDTS farm Geonames:feature farms Geonames:feature farmstead ADL:FTT ranch Geonames:feature ranch Getty:TGN ranch USGS:SDTS An open artificial water channel, that leads water from a diversion dam or weir completely aside a natural flow, often an elevated box structure (typically wood) that follows the natural contours of the land. watercourse EcoLexicon:flume FTT:129 FTT:404 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flume flume (manmade) ENVO canal ENVO:00000079 flume An open artificial water channel, that leads water from a diversion dam or weir completely aside a natural flow, often an elevated box structure (typically wood) that follows the natural contours of the land. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flume watercourse USGS:SDTS flume (manmade) ADL:FTT canal ADL:FTT 2 A series of connected and aligned mountains or mountain ridges. EcoLexicon:mountain_range FTT:548 FTT:995 FTT:997 Geonamaes:MTS SWEETRealm:MountainRange TGN:21431 TGN:21432 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_range MOUNT RANGE ENVO cordillera mountain chain mountain group mountain range mountain system sierra ENVO:00000080 envoPolar mountain range A series of connected and aligned mountains or mountain ridges. USGS:SDTS MOUNT RANGE USGS:SDTS cordillera ADL:FTT mountain range Geonames:feature mountain system Getty:TGN sierra ADL:FTT A landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. A mountain is generally steeper than a hill, but there is no universally accepted standard definition for the height of a mountain or a hill although a mountain usually has an identifiable summit and a local relief of more than 300m. EcoLexicon:mountain FTT:1000 FTT:118 FTT:460 FTT:548 FTT:713 FTT:896 FTT:993 Geonames:T.MT Geonames:T.MTS SWEETRealm:Mountain TGN:21430 TGN:21434 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain Mountain foothill ENVO cerro cordillera knoll mound mount mountain mountains ENVO:00000081 envoPolar mountain A landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. A mountain is generally steeper than a hill, but there is no universally accepted standard definition for the height of a mountain or a hill although a mountain usually has an identifiable summit and a local relief of more than 300m. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain#United_Kingdom Mountain NASA:earthrealm foothill ADL:FTT foothill USGS:SDTS cerro ADL:FTT cordillera ADL:FTT knoll ADL:FTT knoll USGS:SDTS mound USGS:SDTS mount USGS:SDTS mountain Geonames:feature mountains Geonames:feature A group of hills bordered by lowlands. hill range A group of hills bordered by lowlands. MA:ma A rounded elevation of limited extent rising above the surrounding land with local relief of less than 300m. EcoLexicon:hill FTT:118 FTT:468 FTT:713 FTT:799 FTT:896 Geonames:T.HLL Geonames:T.HLLS SWEETRealm:Hill TGN:21437 TGN:21438 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill ENVO cerro foothill hill hillock hills knoll mount mountain ENVO:00000083 hill A rounded elevation of limited extent rising above the surrounding land with local relief of less than 300m. Geonames:feature foothill ADL:FTT foothill USGS:SDTS hill Geonames:feature hillock USGS:SDTS hills Geonames:feature knoll USGS:SDTS mount USGS:SDTS mountain ADL:FTT A lower point that allows easier access through a mountain range. A pass has the general form of a saddle between two mountains. EcoLexicon:mountain_pass FTT:510 FTT:612 FTT:738 FTT:739 FTT:740 Geonames:T.GAP Geonames:T.PASS Geonames:T.SDL SWEETRealm:Pass TGN:21433 TGN:21436 TGN:21524 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_pass pass ENVO col defile gap notch pass saddle saddle (physiographic) sill (physiographic) ENVO:00000084 envoPolar mountain pass A lower point that allows easier access through a mountain range. A pass has the general form of a saddle between two mountains. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_pass pass Geonames:feature col ADL:FTT col USGS:SDTS defile ADL:FTT defile USGS:SDTS gap Getty:TGN gap USGS:SDTS notch USGS:SDTS pass ADL:FTT saddle Geonames:feature saddle Getty:TGN saddle USGS:SDTS saddle (physiographic) ADL:FTT sill (physiographic) ADL:FTT A glacier contained in the site of a mountain valley. We need to added classes such as "valley site" in order to fully axiomatize this class http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO ENVO:00000085 envoPolar alpine glacier A glacier contained in the site of a mountain valley. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_glacier https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier#Types https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1216/text.html A region of general uniform slope, comparatively level, and of considerable extent. EcoLexicon:plain FTT:707 FTT:874 FTT:926 Geonames:T.PLN SWEETRealm:Plain TGN:21461 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain PLAIN Plain plain interfluve llanos outwash plain plain A region of general uniform slope, comparatively level, and of considerable extent. USGS:SDTS PLAIN USGS:SDTS Plain NASA:earthrealm plain Geonames:feature interfluve ADL:FTT llanos ADL:FTT outwash plain USGS:SDTS A high, steep, or overhanging face of rock. EcoLexicon:cliff FTT:268 FTT:269 FTT:491 FTT:492 Geonames:T.CLF SWEETRealm:Cliff TGN:21487 TGN:21488 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliff CLIFF cliff ENVO beach scarp bluff ceja ice cliff palisade precipice scar scarp scaw scraps ENVO:00000087 cliff A high, steep, or overhanging face of rock. USGS:SDTS CLIFF USGS:SDTS cliff Geonames:feature beach scarp USGS:SDTS bluff ADL:FTT bluff USGS:SDTS ceja USGS:SDTS ice cliff USGS:SDTS palisade USGS:SDTS precipice USGS:SDTS scar USGS:SDTS scarp USGS:SDTS scaw USGS:SDTS scraps ADL:FTT A cliff that is a margin of a sea or ocean. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_cliff ENVO coastal cliff marine cliff ENVO:00000088 envoPolar sea cliff A cliff that is a margin of a sea or ocean. MA:ma marine cliff USGS:SDTS EcoLexicon:crag FTT:589 ENVO crag ENVO:00000089 inland cliff crag ADL:FTT crag USGS:SDTS An area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a coast and separated from the interior by other features. EcoLexicon:coastal_plain EcoLexicon:coastal_zone FTT:240 FTT:499 FTT:500 FTT:501 FTT:502 FTT:503 FTT:504 SWEETRealm:CoastalPlain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_plain ENVO ENVO:00000090 coastal plain An area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a coast and separated from the interior by other features. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_plain A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a body of water. EcoLexicon:beach EcoLexicon:to_beach FTT:237 FTT:239 Geonames:T.BCH Geonames:T.BCHS SWEETRealm:Beach TGN:21482 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach Beach beach berm lagoon beach ENVO beach beaches foreshore flats rivage strand ENVO:00000091 beach A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a body of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach Beach NASA:earthrealm beach berm USGS:SDTS lagoon beach USGS:SDTS beach Geonames:feature beaches Geonames:feature foreshore flats USGS:SDTS rivage USGS:SDTS strand ADL:FTT strand USGS:SDTS A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a sea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strand strand ENVO ENVO:00000092 sea beach A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a sea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a lake. ENVO ENVO:00000093 lacustrine beach A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a lake. MA:ma A part of an astronomical body associated with a volcano - an opening, or rupture, in that body's surface or crust - which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface. FTT:591 TGN:21407 volcanic landform volcanic feature A part of an astronomical body associated with a volcano - an opening, or rupture, in that body's surface or crust - which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano volcanic landform Getty:TGN A feature formed by cooled lava, the molten rock that is expelled by a volcano during an eruption. ENVO:01000437 EcoLexicon:lava_flow FTT:916 FTT:917 Geonames:T.LAVA TGN:21612 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_field lava area ENVO lava flow lava plain ENVO:00000095 obsolete lava field true A feature formed by cooled lava, the molten rock that is expelled by a volcano during an eruption. MA:ma lava area ADL:FTT lava area Geonames:feature lava flow Getty:TGN A feature formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption. FTT:384 Geonames:T.CLDA TGN:21409 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera caldera crater caldera A feature formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera caldera Geonames:feature crater USGS:SDTS A region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall. EcoLexicon:desert FTT:1 FTT:188 Geonames:T.DSRT LTER:147 SWEETRealm:Desert TGN:21201 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert arid region envoPolar desert area A region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall. USGS:SDTS arid region ADL:FTT Area of dry or relatively dry land surrounded by water or low wetland. EcoLexicon:island FTT:147 FTT:450 FTT:886 FTT:887 FTT:888 FTT:889 Geonames:T.ISL Geonames:T.ISLS SWEETRealm:Island TGN:21468 TGN:21469 TGN:21471 TGN:21475 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island ENVO cay eyot holm hummock isle islet key ENVO:00000098 envoPolar island Area of dry or relatively dry land surrounded by water or low wetland. USGS:SDTS cay USGS:SDTS hummock USGS:SDTS isle ADL:FTT islet ADL:FTT islet Getty:TGN islet USGS:SDTS key USGS:SDTS An island constructed by human effort. FTT:1023 FTT:171 Geonames:T.ISLF https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_island artificial island ENVO offshore platform ENVO:00000099 artificial island An island constructed by human effort. MA:ma artificial island Geonames:feature offshore platform ADL:FTT A depression which has been formed as a result of erosion by water or ice and which is low-lying, bordered by higher ground, and especially elongate. EcoLexicon:valley FTT:158 FTT:166 FTT:418 FTT:761 FTT:811 FTT:949 Geonames:T.GRGE Geonames:T.VAL Geonames:T.VALS SWEETRealm:Valley TGN:21425 TGN:21451 TGN:21452 TGN:21453 chasm coulee dale glacial gorge glacial trough gulch gully median valley shelf valley glen goe gorge graben hollow lavaka moat ravine re-entrant seachannel strath trench vale water gap Valleys are typically located between hills our mountains. valley A depression which has been formed as a result of erosion by water or ice and which is low-lying, bordered by higher ground, and especially elongate. ADL:FTT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley chasm USGS:SDTS coulee USGS:SDTS dale USGS:SDTS glacial gorge USGS:SDTS glacial trough USGS:SDTS gulch USGS:SDTS gully Getty:TGN gully USGS:SDTS median valley ADL:FTT median valley Geonames:feature shelf valley Geonames:feature glen ADL:FTT glen USGS:SDTS goe USGS:SDTS gorge Geonames:feature gorge USGS:SDTS graben USGS:SDTS hollow ADL:FTT hollow Getty:TGN hollow USGS:SDTS moat USGS:SDTS ravine USGS:SDTS re-entrant USGS:SDTS seachannel USGS:SDTS strath USGS:SDTS trench USGS:SDTS water gap USGS:SDTS A tract of alluvium formed at the mouth of a river where the deposition ofsome of its load exceeds its rate of removal, crossed by the divergent channels (distributaries) of the river. EcoLexicon:delta FTT:97 Geonames:T.DLTA SWEETRealm:Delta TGN:21164 TGN:21422 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta DELTA Delta delta ENVO alluvial fan bay delta canyon delta fan fan delta outwash outwash plain pass (delta) ENVO:00000101 delta A tract of alluvium formed at the mouth of a river where the deposition ofsome of its load exceeds its rate of removal, crossed by the divergent channels (distributaries) of the river. USGS:SDTS DELTA USGS:SDTS Delta NASA:earthrealm delta Geonames:feature alluvial fan USGS:SDTS bay delta USGS:SDTS canyon delta USGS:SDTS fan USGS:SDTS fan delta USGS:SDTS outwash USGS:SDTS outwash plain USGS:SDTS pass (delta) Getty:TGN FTT:444 Cueva de Altamira cave entrance An island formed of trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics. island FTT:147 FTT:891 Geonames:T.ISLM mangrove island ENVO ENVO:00000103 mangrove island An island formed of trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangrove island ADL:FTT mangrove island Geonames:feature EcoLexicon:fan EcoLexicon:platform EcoLexicon:ravine FTT:1020 FTT:1137 FTT:1176 FTT:1193 FTT:1194 FTT:1195 FTT:1196 FTT:5 FTT:810 FTT:984 Geonames:FRKU Geonames:FRSU Geonames:MDVU Geonames:PLFU Geonames:RAVU Geonames:RMPU Geonames:U.BSNU Geonames:U.EDGU Geonames:U.ESCU Geonames:U.FANU Geonames:U.FLTU Geonames:U.FURU Geonames:U.GAPU Geonames:U.GLYU Geonames:U.HOLU Geonames:U.LDGU Geonames:U.LEVU Geonames:U.PLNU Geonames:U.PLTU Geonames:U.PNLU Geonames:U.PRVU Geonames:U.RDGU Geonames:U.RDSU Geonames:U.RISU Geonames:U.SDLU Geonames:U.SHVU Geonames:U.SILU Geonames:U.SPRU Geonames:U.TERU Geonames:U.VALU Geonames:U.VLSU TGN:23001 TGN:23116 TGN:23117 TGN:23118 TGN:23135 TGN:23162 TGN:23181 TGN:23182 TGN:23183 TGN:23184 TGN:23188 TGN:23192 TGN:23193 TGN:23194 TGN:23195 TGN:23196 TGN:23211 TGN:23212 TGN:23301 TGN:23411 TGN:23412 TGN:23413 TGN:23415 TGN:23421 TGN:23423 TGN:23424 TGN:23431 TGN:23453 TGN:23461 TGN:23463 TGN:23467 TGN:23550 basin escarpment fan flat fork forks furrow gap gully hole hole (seafloor) ledge levee median valley moat (seafloor) pinnacle plain plateau platform province ramp ramp (seafloor) ravine ridge ridges rise rise (seafloor) saddle shelf edge undersea bank undersea basin undersea bench undersea cliff undersea fan undersea fork undersea fracture zone undersea furrow undersea gap undersea hole undersea ledge undersea levee undersea median valley undersea moat undersea peak undersea pinnacle undersea plain undersea platform undersea ramp undersea rise undersea saddle undersea shelf undersea shelf edge undersea shelf valley undersea sill undersea slope undersea spur undersea terrace undersea tongue undersea valley ENVO ocean floor feature seafloor feature sill spur subsea feature terrace tongue (seafloor) underwater feature valley valleys ENVO:00000104 undersea feature basin Geonames:feature escarpment Geonames:feature fan Geonames:feature flat Geonames:feature fork Geonames:feature forks Geonames:feature furrow Geonames:feature gap Geonames:feature gully Geonames:feature hole Geonames:feature hole (seafloor) ADL:FTT ledge Geonames:feature levee Geonames:feature median valley Geonames:feature moat (seafloor) ADL:FTT pinnacle Geonames:feature plain Geonames:feature plateau Geonames:feature platform Geonames:feature province Geonames:feature ramp Geonames:feature ramp (seafloor) ADL:FTT ravine Geonames:feature ridge Geonames:feature ridges Geonames:feature rise Geonames:feature rise (seafloor) ADL:FTT saddle Geonames:feature shelf edge Geonames:feature undersea bank Getty:TGN undersea basin Getty:TGN undersea bench Getty:TGN undersea cliff Getty:TGN undersea fan Getty:TGN undersea fork Getty:TGN undersea fracture zone Getty:TGN undersea furrow Getty:TGN undersea gap Getty:TGN undersea hole Getty:TGN undersea ledge Getty:TGN undersea levee Getty:TGN undersea median valley Getty:TGN undersea moat Getty:TGN undersea peak Getty:TGN undersea pinnacle Getty:TGN undersea plain Getty:TGN undersea platform Getty:TGN undersea ramp Getty:TGN undersea rise Getty:TGN undersea saddle Getty:TGN undersea shelf Getty:TGN undersea shelf edge Getty:TGN undersea shelf valley Getty:TGN undersea sill Getty:TGN undersea slope Getty:TGN undersea spur Getty:TGN undersea terrace Getty:TGN undersea tongue Getty:TGN undersea valley Getty:TGN ocean floor feature ADL:FTT seafloor feature ADL:FTT sill Geonames:feature spur Geonames:feature subsea feature ADL:FTT terrace Geonames:feature tongue (seafloor) ADL:FTT underwater feature ADL:FTT valley Geonames:feature valleys Geonames:feature lake surface An area in which grasses (Graminae) are a significant component of the vegetation. grazing area herbaceous area grassland area An area in which grasses (Graminae) are a significant component of the vegetation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassland grazing area Getty:TGN herbaceous area USGS:SDTS An upland moor or sandy area dominated by low shrubby vegetation including heather. FTT:1191 FTT:792 Geonames:V.HTH SPIRE:Heath TGN:21609 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heath heath wetland heath An upland moor or sandy area dominated by low shrubby vegetation including heather. Geonames:feature heath Geonames:feature wetland USGS:SDTS A grassland ecosystem which contains a variety of annual, biennial and perennial plants growing on rolling or flat terrain. FTT:259 FTT:767 Geonames:V.MDW LTER:330 TGN:21613 meadow hay meadow Typically, meadows have higher botanical biodiversity than other grasslands. meadow ecosystem A grassland ecosystem which contains a variety of annual, biennial and perennial plants growing on rolling or flat terrain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meadow meadow Geonames:feature hay meadow USGS:SDTS Land having a cover of trees, shrubs, or both. FTT:1083 FTT:505 FTT:506 FTT:719 FTT:774 Geonames:V.GRVPN LTER:503 SWEETRealm:Break SWEETRealm:Scrub TGN:21631 TGN:21632 TGN:21641 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodland brigalow pine grove caatinga chanaral coniferous forest copse deciduous forest equatorial forest equatorial rain forest garique grove jungle mallee scrub monsoon forest moor mott motte mulga mulga scrub rain forest reforested area sagebrush scrub shrub silva stand taiga thicket thorn forest tropical rain forest wood wooded area woodland area Land having a cover of trees, shrubs, or both. USGS:SDTS brigalow USGS:SDTS pine grove Geonames:feature caatinga USGS:SDTS chanaral USGS:SDTS coniferous forest USGS:SDTS copse USGS:SDTS deciduous forest USGS:SDTS equatorial forest USGS:SDTS equatorial rain forest USGS:SDTS garique USGS:SDTS grove ADL:FTT grove USGS:SDTS jungle Getty:TGN jungle USGS:SDTS mallee scrub USGS:SDTS monsoon forest USGS:SDTS moor USGS:SDTS motte USGS:SDTS mulga USGS:SDTS mulga scrub USGS:SDTS rain forest ADL:FTT rain forest Getty:TGN reforested area USGS:SDTS sagebrush USGS:SDTS scrub USGS:SDTS shrub USGS:SDTS silva USGS:SDTS stand USGS:SDTS taiga USGS:SDTS thicket USGS:SDTS thorn forest USGS:SDTS tropical rain forest USGS:SDTS wood ADL:FTT wood Getty:TGN wood USGS:SDTS wooded area USGS:SDTS A tunnel formed by the flow of molten lava, which has subsequently drained out. lava tube ENVO ENVO:00000110 These are usually classified as a sub-type of volcanic cave, rather than a tunnel. lava tunnel A tunnel formed by the flow of molten lava, which has subsequently drained out. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_tube An area with a high density of trees. A small forest may be called a wood. EcoLexicon:forest FTT:258 FTT:506 FTT:715 FTT:717 Geonames:V.FRST LTER:2 SWEETRealm:Forest TGN:21641 TGN:21642 TGN:21645 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest forest wood The definitions of forest can vary greatly, and different classes will be needed to support the major categories. Tree cover alone is not enough to distinguish between forests and plantations. The international definition proposed by the 2010 FAO Forestry Resource Assessment: "land spanning more than 0.5 ha with trees higher than 5 metres and canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ . It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use." - FAO. 2010. Global forest resources assessment 2010, Main report, FAO Forestry Paper 163. Rome. forested area An area with a high density of trees. A small forest may be called a wood. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest forest Geonames:feature wood Getty:TGN A vegetated area which overlaps treeless, level, or gently rolling plains characteristic of arctic or subarctic regions, permanently frozen subsoil, and communities of low growing vegetation such as lichens, mosses, and stunted shrubs. EcoLexicon:tundra FTT:151 FTT:152 Geonames:V.TUND LTER:605 SWEETRealm:Tundra TGN:21611 Arctic land TundraEcosystem tundra envoPolar tundra A vegetated area which overlaps treeless, level, or gently rolling plains characteristic of arctic or subarctic regions, permanently frozen subsoil, and communities of low growing vegetation such as lichens, mosses, and stunted shrubs. ADL:FTT Arctic land ADL:FTT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra TundraEcosystem NASA:earthrealm tundra http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/8704 A geographical feature modified by humans by the preparation of the land, usually for the purposes of growing crops. ENVO:01000311 EcoLexicon:agriculture FTT:1248 FTT:54 FTT:55 FTT:56 Geonames:V.CULT SPIRE:Agricultural SWEETRealm:Range cropland ENVO CROPLAND agricultural region cultivated area cultivated cropland market garden range truck farm truck garden ENVO:00000113 obsolete cultivated habitat true A geographical feature modified by humans by the preparation of the land, usually for the purposes of growing crops. MA:ma cropland ADL:FTT CROPLAND USGS:SDTS cultivated area ADL:FTT cultivated area Geonames:feature cultivated area USGS:SDTS cultivated cropland ADL:FTT market garden USGS:SDTS range ADL:FTT truck farm USGS:SDTS truck garden USGS:SDTS A field which is located on land and used for agricultural purposes, such as the grazing of livestock or the cultivation of crops. agricultural site EcoLexicon:field FTT:45 FTT:61 Geonames:L.FLD SWEETRealm:Field TGN:21456 field cropland grassland agricultural field A field which is located on land and used for agricultural purposes, such as the grazing of livestock or the cultivation of crops. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_%28agriculture%29 agricultural site ADL:FTT field Geonames:feature cropland USGS:SDTS grassland USGS:SDTS An intentional planting of trees or shrubs maintained for food, typically fruit, production. agricultural site cropland EcoLexicon:orchard FTT:45 FTT:66 Geonames:V.OCH TGN:54014 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchard orchard ENVO ENVO:00000115 orchard An intentional planting of trees or shrubs maintained for food, typically fruit, production. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchard agricultural site ADL:FTT cropland USGS:SDTS orchard Geonames:feature A place where grapes are grown for making wine, raisins or table grapes. agricultural site cropland FTT:45 FTT:77 Geonames:V.VIN Geonames:V.VINS TGN:54015 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vineyard vineyard vineyards ENVO ENVO:00000116 vineyard A place where grapes are grown for making wine, raisins or table grapes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vineyard agricultural site ADL:FTT cropland USGS:SDTS vineyard Geonames:feature vineyards Geonames:feature An intentional planting of a crop, on a large scale, usually for uses other than cereal production or pasture. The term is currently most often used for plantings of trees and shrubs. The term tends also to be used for plantings maintained on economic bases other than that of subsistence farming. FTT:45 FTT:68 TGN:54041 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantation agricultural site cropland plantation field plantation An intentional planting of a crop, on a large scale, usually for uses other than cereal production or pasture. The term is currently most often used for plantings of trees and shrubs. The term tends also to be used for plantings maintained on economic bases other than that of subsistence farming. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantation agricultural site ADL:FTT cropland USGS:SDTS plantation field USGS:SDTS FTT:505 FTT:506 Geonames:V.GRVC ENVO coconut grove wood ENVO:00000118 coconut plantation coconut grove ADL:FTT coconut grove Geonames:feature wood ADL:FTT A forest that has been intentionally established by human intervention. planted forest A forest that has been intentionally established by human intervention. MA:ma agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:65 Geonames:S.ESTO Geonames:V.GRVP oil palm plantation ENVO palm grove ENVO:00000120 oil palm plantation agricultural site ADL:FTT oil palm plantation Geonames:feature palm grove Geonames:feature EcoLexicon:artificial_channel ENVO flume improved channel ENVO:00000121 artificial channel improved channel USGS:SDTS A small road, generally not paved. EcoLexicon:path EcoLexicon:trail FTT:1057 Geonames:R.TRL SWEETRealm:Path TGN:53158 footpath path trail track A small road, generally not paved. MA:ma footpath USGS:SDTS path USGS:SDTS trail ADL:FTT trail Geonames:feature trail Getty:TGN trail USGS:SDTS A geographical region whose affairs and population are administered by an authority. FTT:1093 Geonames:A.PCL TGN:80002 political entity political entity A geographical region whose affairs and population are administered by an authority. MA:ma political entity Geonames:feature A political entitity established by more than one state and with at least some influence over the affairs of its member states. ENVO ENVO:00000124 supranational geopolitical entity A political entitity established by more than one state and with at least some influence over the affairs of its member states. MA:ma A spring whose water contains a significant amount of dissolved minerals, that derive from the rocks through which the water flows. spring spring (hydrographic) FTT:981 FTT:982 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_spring ENVO ENVO:00000125 mineral spring A spring whose water contains a significant amount of dissolved minerals, that derive from the rocks through which the water flows. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_spring spring USGS:SDTS spring (hydrographic) ADL:FTT A spring whose water contains a significant amount of dissolved derivatives of sulfur. spring (hydrographic) FTT:1215 FTT:982 Geonames:H.SPNS sulphur spring ENVO ENVO:00000126 sulfur spring A spring whose water contains a significant amount of dissolved derivatives of sulfur. MA:ma spring (hydrographic) ADL:FTT sulphur spring Geonames:feature An arid terrain with clay-rich soil that has been extensively eroded by wind and water. barren land FTT:186 FTT:187 Geonames:T.BDLD TGN:21205 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badlands badlands badland An arid terrain with clay-rich soil that has been extensively eroded by wind and water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badland barren land ADL:FTT badlands Geonames:feature A valley that no longer has a surface flow of water. Typically found in either Karst (limestone) or chalk terrain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_valley ENVO ENVO:00000128 dry valley A valley that no longer has a surface flow of water. Typically found in either Karst (limestone) or chalk terrain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_valley A valley that contains, and has been formed by, a stream. EcoLexicon:gully EcoLexicon:ravine FTT:159 FTT:420 Geonames:H.RVN TGN:21427 ENVO gullie ravine ENVO:00000129 stream valley A valley that contains, and has been formed by, a stream. MA:ma ravine Geonames:feature ravine USGS:SDTS A ridge of rocks, lying near the surface of the sea, which may be visible at low tide, but is usually covered by water. EcoLexicon:reef FTT:202 FTT:203 FTT:729 Geonames:H.RF Geonames:U.RFSU Geonames:U.RFU SPIRE:Reef TGN:21479 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reef REEF atoll reef bank reef barrier reef fringing reef shore reef submerged reef ENVO ledge reef reef flat reefs ENVO:00000130 reef A ridge of rocks, lying near the surface of the sea, which may be visible at low tide, but is usually covered by water. USGS:SDTS REEF USGS:SDTS atoll reef USGS:SDTS bank reef USGS:SDTS barrier reef ADL:FTT barrier reef USGS:SDTS fringing reef ADL:FTT fringing reef USGS:SDTS shore reef USGS:SDTS submerged reef USGS:SDTS ledge USGS:SDTS reef Geonames:feature reef flat USGS:SDTS reefs Geonames:feature A hydrographic feature characterized by the dominance of snow or ice. EcoLexicon:ice FTT:648 SWEETRealm:LandIce TGN:21410 glacer Ice LandIce glacial landform glacier feature envoPolar Likely to be depopulated and "glacial" made into a quality or similar. glacial feature A hydrographic feature characterized by the dominance of snow or ice. MA:ma glacer ADL:FTT Ice NASA:earthrealm LandIce NASA:earthrealm glacial landform Getty:TGN glacier feature ADL:FTT A mass of glacier ice that covers surrounding terrain and is greater than 50,000 km2. ENVO:00000379 FTT:758 FTT:835 FTT:837 SWEETRealm:IceSheet TGN:21147 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_sheet ENVO Arctic pack ICE FIELD bay ice continental glacier continental ice glacial tongue ice field ice mass island ice pack ice polar ice polar ice pack rock glacier shelf ice ENVO:00000132 envoPolar ice sheet A mass of glacier ice that covers surrounding terrain and is greater than 50,000 km2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_sheet Arctic pack USGS:SDTS ICE FIELD USGS:SDTS bay ice USGS:SDTS continental glacier USGS:SDTS continental ice USGS:SDTS glacial tongue USGS:SDTS ice field ADL:FTT ice mass ADL:FTT island ice USGS:SDTS pack ice USGS:SDTS polar ice USGS:SDTS polar ice pack USGS:SDTS rock glacier USGS:SDTS shelf ice USGS:SDTS An ice mass which is of sufficient mass that the action of gravity upon it overcomes the frictional forces holding it in place, causing it to deform and flow towards lower elevation. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 glacial feature EcoLexicon:glacier FTT:648 FTT:756 Geonames:H.GLCR SWEETRealm:Glacier TGN:21141 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier Glacier glacier RockGlacier ice field rock glacier envoPolar glacier glacier Geonames:feature RockGlacier NASA:earthrealm ice field USGS:SDTS rock glacier USGS:SDTS An ice mass which is of sufficient mass that the action of gravity upon it overcomes the frictional forces holding it in place, causing it to deform and flow towards lower elevation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier glacial feature ADL:FTT Glacier NASA:earthrealm Soil at or below the freezing point of water (0C or 32F) for two or more years. Ice is not always present, as may be in the case of nonporous bedrock, but it frequently occurs and it may be in amounts exceeding the potential hydraulic saturation of the ground material. EcoLexicon:permafrost LTER:408 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrost Permafrost ENVO ENVO:00000134 envoPolar permafrost Soil at or below the freezing point of water (0C or 32F) for two or more years. Ice is not always present, as may be in the case of nonporous bedrock, but it frequently occurs and it may be in amounts exceeding the potential hydraulic saturation of the ground material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrost Permafrost NASA:earthrealm A geographical region that serves the purpose of keeping two or more other areas (often, but not necessarily, countries) distant from one another, for whatever reason. FTT:17 Geonames:A.ZNB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer_zone buffer zone ENVO administrative area ENVO:00000135 buffer zone A geographical region that serves the purpose of keeping two or more other areas (often, but not necessarily, countries) distant from one another, for whatever reason. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer_zone buffer zone Geonames:feature administrative area ADL:FTT A geographical area, usually the frontier or boundary between two or more military powers (or alliances), where military activity is not permitted, usually by peace treaty, armistice or other bilateral or multilateral agreement. adminstrative area FTT:1253 FTT:20 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMZ DEMILITIARIZED ZONE DMZ neutral zone boundary demilitarized zone A geographical area, usually the frontier or boundary between two or more military powers (or alliances), where military activity is not permitted, usually by peace treaty, armistice or other bilateral or multilateral agreement. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demilitarized_zone adminstrative area ADL:FTT DEMILITIARIZED ZONE USGS:SDTS neutral zone ADL:FTT neutral zone USGS:SDTS boundary USGS:SDTS An opening of the sea into the land. FTT:463 TGN:21128 ENVO coastal inlet ENVO:00000137 envoPolar coastal inlet An opening of the sea into the land. USGS:SDTS A circular or round inlet with a narrow entrance. EcoLexicon:cove FTT:190 FTT:229 Geonames:H.COVE SWEETRealm:Cove TGN:21120 cove A circular or round inlet with a narrow entrance. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cove A ditch that supplies water to surrounding land. canal FTT:129 FTT:406 Geonames:H.DTCHI irrigation ditch ENVO ENVO:00000139 irrigation ditch A ditch that supplies water to surrounding land. MA:ma canal ADL:FTT irrigation ditch ADL:FTT irrigation ditch Geonames:feature A ditch that collects water from the surrounding land. EcoLexicon:drainage_ditch FTT:129 FTT:402 Geonames:H.DTCHD drainage ditch ENVO canal rhyne ENVO:00000140 drainage ditch A ditch that collects water from the surrounding land. MA:ma drainage ditch ADL:FTT drainage ditch Geonames:feature canal ADL:FTT The sloping margin of a watercourse, serving to confine it to its natural channel. mount EcoLexicon:bank FTT:195 SWEETRealm:Bank TGN:21466 ENVO shore ENVO:00000141 bank The sloping margin of a watercourse, serving to confine it to its natural channel. MA:ma mount USGS:SDTS shore USGS:SDTS The sloping margin of a stream, serving to confine it to its natural channel. FTT:195 FTT:196 Geonames:H.BNKR https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_bank stream bank ENVO bank (hydrographic) ENVO:00000142 stream bank The sloping margin of a stream, serving to confine it to its natural channel. MA:ma stream bank Geonames:feature bank (hydrographic) ADL:FTT The sloping margin of a river, serving to confine it to its natural channel. TGN:21155 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_bank riverbank ENVO ENVO:00000143 river bank The sloping margin of a river, serving to confine it to its natural channel. MA:ma riverbank Getty:TGN A habitat that is in or on water. ENVO:01000317 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic_habitat ENVO ENVO:00000144 obsolete aquatic habitat true A habitat that is in or on water. NM:nm A dome-shaped ice mass that covers less than 50,000 km2 of land area (usually covering a highland area). FTT:841 Geonames:H.CAPG SPIRE:Ice_cap SWEETRealm:IceCap TGN:21140 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_cap icecap ENVO ice field ENVO:00000145 envoPolar ice cap A dome-shaped ice mass that covers less than 50,000 km2 of land area (usually covering a highland area). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_cap icecap Geonames:feature icecap Getty:TGN ice field USGS:SDTS A region of permanent snow in mountainous areas or high latitudes. FTT:1208 Geonames:L.SNOW TGN:21146 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_field SNOWFIELD snowfield ENVO SnowField snowfield ENVO:00000146 envoPolar snow field A region of permanent snow in mountainous areas or high latitudes. USGS:SDTS SNOWFIELD USGS:SDTS snowfield Getty:TGN SnowField NASA:earthrealm snowfield Geonames:feature The region occupied by any more or less continuous, directed movement of ocean water that flows in one of the Earth's oceans. Ocean Currents are rivers of hot or cold water within the ocean. The currents are generated from the forces acting upon the water like the earth's rotation, the wind, the temperature and salinity differences and the gravitation of the moon. The depth contours, the shoreline and other movements influence the direction and strength of the movements of water that forms a given current. current EcoLexicon:ocean_current FTT:597 FTT:598 Geonames:H.CRNT LTER:386 SWEETRealm:OceanCurrent TGN:21169 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current ocean current Subclasses of this class are to be populated by inference. Definition modified from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current. ocean current The region occupied by any more or less continuous, directed movement of ocean water that flows in one of the Earth's oceans. Ocean Currents are rivers of hot or cold water within the ocean. The currents are generated from the forces acting upon the water like the earth's rotation, the wind, the temperature and salinity differences and the gravitation of the moon. The depth contours, the shoreline and other movements influence the direction and strength of the movements of water that forms a given current. BS:bs current ADL:FTT current Geonames:feature current Getty:TGN ocean current ADL:FTT A shallow stretch of a river or stream, where the current is above the average stream velocity and where the water forms small rippled waves as a result. It often consists of a rocky bed of gravels or other small stones. EcoLexicon:riffle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riffle ENVO ENVO:00000148 riffle A shallow stretch of a river or stream, where the current is above the average stream velocity and where the water forms small rippled waves as a result. It often consists of a rocky bed of gravels or other small stones. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riffle Chains of rocks or coral at or near the surface of water constructed by man. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_reef ENVO ENVO:00000149 artificial reef Chains of rocks or coral at or near the surface of water constructed by man. MA:ma Aragonite structures produced by living organisms, found in shallow, marine waters with little nutrients in the water. EcoLexicon:coral_reef FTT:202 FTT:547 FTT:729 Geonames:H.RFC LTER:127 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral_reef CoralReef coral reef barrier reef fringing reef reef coral reef Aragonite structures produced by living organisms, found in shallow, marine waters with little nutrients in the water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral_reef CoralReef NASA:earthrealm coral reef ADL:FTT coral reef Geonames:feature coral reef USGS:SDTS fringing reef ADL:FTT fringing reef USGS:SDTS reef USGS:SDTS An alkaline flat, in the context of a marine environment. basin FTT:705 FTT:706 Geonames:H.SBKH SWEETRealm:Sabkha TGN:21368 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabkha sabkha ENVO flat ENVO:00000151 sabkha An alkaline flat, in the context of a marine environment. MA:ma basin USGS:SDTS sabkha Geonames:feature flat ADL:FTT A section of a river or stream that diverts from the main course and rejoins later. watercourse FTT:104 Geonames:H.STMA TGN:21136 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabranch anabranch ENVO stream ENVO:00000152 anabranch A section of a river or stream that diverts from the main course and rejoins later. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabranch watercourse USGS:SDTS anabranch Geonames:feature stream ADL:FTT The upper part of a river system, denoting the upper basin and source streams of a river. stream FTT:105 FTT:1221 FTT:1259 FTT:220 FTT:644 Geonames:H.STMH TGN:21181 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headwater HEADWATER headwaters ENVO drainage basin headstream source ENVO:00000153 headwater The upper part of a river system, denoting the upper basin and source streams of a river. USGS:SDTS stream ADL:FTT HEADWATER USGS:SDTS headwaters Geonames:feature drainage basin ADL:FTT headstream ADL:FTT An area of grassland or pasture beside a river, subject to seasonal flooding. water meadow flood meadow ecosystem An area of grassland or pasture beside a river, subject to seasonal flooding. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_meadow A depression which is semicircular or crescent-shaped, found towards the crest of a mountain, and formed by the erosional processes caused by the motion of a glacier. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 FTT:218 FTT:481 Geonames:T.CRQ Geonames:T.CRQS TGN:21496 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirque CIRQUE Cirque cirque cirque basin cirques coomb coombe corrie cwm ENVO ENVO:00000155 envoPolar cirque A depression which is semicircular or crescent-shaped, found towards the crest of a mountain, and formed by the erosional processes caused by the motion of a glacier. USGS:SDTS http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Glacial+cirque web:http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/apc/genericterms.html CIRQUE USGS:SDTS Cirque NASA:earthrealm cirque Geonames:feature cirques Geonames:feature cwm ADL:FTT A small, isolated, fertile or green area in a desert region, usually having a spring or well. EcoLexicon:oasis FTT:261 Geonames:L.OAS TGN:21202 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oasis OASIS oasis ENVO ENVO:00000156 desert oasis A small, isolated, fertile or green area in a desert region, usually having a spring or well. USGS:SDTS OASIS USGS:SDTS oasis Geonames:feature oasis Getty:TGN An artificial working of peatland to remove the peat. wetland FTT:1060 Geonames:L.PEAT peat cutting peat cutting area peat cut An artificial working of peatland to remove the peat. MA:ma wetland USGS:SDTS peat cutting USGS:SDTS peat cutting area ADL:FTT peat cutting area Geonames:feature A road or railway elevated by a bank, usually across a broad body of water or wetland. EcoLexicon:causeway FTT:443 Geonames:R.CSWY TGN:53156 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causeway ENVO causeway road ENVO:00000158 causeway A road or railway elevated by a bank, usually across a broad body of water or wetland. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causeway causeway Geonames:feature road USGS:SDTS agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:75 Geonames:S.ESTSG https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_plantation sugar plantation ENVO ENVO:00000159 sugar plantation agricultural site ADL:FTT sugar plantation Geonames:feature agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:73 Geonames:ESTSL sisal plantation ENVO ENVO:00000160 sisal plantation agricultural site ADL:FTT sisal plantation Geonames:feature agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:49 Geonames:ESTB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banana_plantation banana plantation ENVO ENVO:00000161 banana plantation agricultural site ADL:FTT banana plantation Geonames:feature agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:76 Geonames:S.ESTT tea estate tea plantation ENVO ENVO:00000162 tea plantation agricultural site ADL:FTT tea plantation Geonames:feature ENVO ENVO:00000163 coffee plantation agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:71 Geonames:S.ESTR rubber plantation ENVO ENVO:00000164 rubber plantation agricultural site ADL:FTT rubber plantation Geonames:feature A lake formed of a natural deposit of alphalt, a black, highly viscous liquid or semi-solid composed of fossil hydrocarbons. basin EcoLexicon:tar_pit FTT:174 FTT:175 Geonames:T.ASPH TGN:21369 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar_pit asphalt lake tar pit asphalt lake A lake formed of a natural deposit of alphalt, a black, highly viscous liquid or semi-solid composed of fossil hydrocarbons. MA:ma basin ADL:FTT asphalt lake Geonames:feature An oceanic island, often having a characteristic ring-like shape surrounding a lagoon. Atolls are formed when coral reef grows around a volcanic island that later subsides into the ocean. island EcoLexicon:atoll FTT:127 FTT:450 Geonames:T.ATOL SWEETRealm:Atoll TGN:21472 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoll atoll coral atoll ENVO REEF, ISLAND atoll reef ENVO:00000166 atoll An oceanic island, often having a characteristic ring-like shape surrounding a lagoon. Atolls are formed when coral reef grows around a volcanic island that later subsides into the ocean. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoll island ADL:FTT island USGS:SDTS atoll Geonames:feature REEF, ISLAND USGS:SDTS atoll USGS:SDTS reef USGS:SDTS A linear shoaling landform feature within a body of water. Bars tend to be long and narrow (linear) and develop where a current (or waves) promote deposition of granular material, resulting in localized shallowing (shoaling) of the water. Bars can appear in the sea, in a lake, or in a river. They are typically composed of sand, although could be of any granular matter that the moving water has access to and is capable of shifting around (for example, soil, silt, gravel, cobble, shingle, or even boulders). The grain size of the material comprising a bar is related: to the size of the waves or the strength of the currents moving the material, but the availability of material to be worked by waves and currents is also important. seafloor feature EcoLexicon:bar FTT:1195 FTT:206 FTT:208 FTT:209 FTT:210 FTT:5 Geonames:H.BNK Geonames:H.SHOL Geonames:T.BAR Geonames:U.BKSU Geonames:U.BNKU Geonames:U.SHLU Geonames:U.SHSU Geonames:U.TNGU SWEETRealm:Bar TGN:21177 TGN:21480 TGN:21531 TGN:23191 ENVO Shoal ball bank barrier beach barrier island cuspate spit hook hooked spit longshore bar marsh bar offshore bar point recurved spit sand bank sand bar sand hom sand lobe sand spit sandbar shoal shoal patches shoals spit tongue tongue (seafloor) transverse bar undersea shoal ENVO:00000167 bar A linear shoaling landform feature within a body of water. Bars tend to be long and narrow (linear) and develop where a current (or waves) promote deposition of granular material, resulting in localized shallowing (shoaling) of the water. Bars can appear in the sea, in a lake, or in a river. They are typically composed of sand, although could be of any granular matter that the moving water has access to and is capable of shifting around (for example, soil, silt, gravel, cobble, shingle, or even boulders). The grain size of the material comprising a bar is related: to the size of the waves or the strength of the currents moving the material, but the availability of material to be worked by waves and currents is also important. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_%28landform%29 seafloor feature ADL:FTT Shoal NASA:earthrealm ball Geonames:feature bank Geonames:feature barrier beach USGS:SDTS barrier island USGS:SDTS cuspate spit USGS:SDTS hook USGS:SDTS hooked spit USGS:SDTS longshore bar USGS:SDTS marsh bar USGS:SDTS offshore bar USGS:SDTS point USGS:SDTS recurved spit USGS:SDTS sand bank USGS:SDTS sand bar Getty:TGN sand hom USGS:SDTS sand lobe USGS:SDTS sand spit USGS:SDTS sandbar ADL:FTT sandbar USGS:SDTS shoal ADL:FTT shoal Geonames:feature shoal Getty:TGN shoal USGS:SDTS shoal patches USGS:SDTS shoals Geonames:feature spit ADL:FTT spit USGS:SDTS tongue Geonames:feature tongue USGS:SDTS tongue (seafloor) ADL:FTT transverse bar USGS:SDTS undersea shoal Getty:TGN A hole in coastal rock through which sea water is forced by a rising tide or waves and spurted through an outlet into the air. EcoLexicon:blowhole FTT:266 Geonames:T.BLHL TGN:21172 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blowhole blowhole ENVO ENVO:00000168 blowhole A hole in coastal rock through which sea water is forced by a rising tide or waves and spurted through an outlet into the air. Geonames:feature blowhole Geonames:feature Relatively narrow, deep depression with steep sides, the bottom of which generally has a continuous slope. EcoLexicon:canyon FTT:165 FTT:200 FTT:415 FTT:416 FTT:417 FTT:418 FTT:419 FTT:420 FTT:511 Geonames:T.CNYN SWEETRealm:Canyon TGN:21424 TGN:21426 TGN:21427 TGN:21429 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canyon ENVO barranca chasm defile flume (natural) gap gorge gulch quebrada ravine valley ENVO:00000169 canyon Relatively narrow, deep depression with steep sides, the bottom of which generally has a continuous slope. ADL:FTT barranca ADL:FTT chasm ADL:FTT defile Getty:TGN flume (natural) ADL:FTT gap ADL:FTT gorge ADL:FTT gorge Getty:TGN gulch ADL:FTT quebrada ADL:FTT ravine ADL:FTT ravine Getty:TGN valley USGS:SDTS A hill of sand built by eolian processes. mount ridge sandy area EcoLexicon:dune FTT:238 FTT:241 FTT:652 Geonames:T.DUNE LTER:171 SWEETRealm:Dune TGN:21419 TGN:21505 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dune Dune dune sand dune interdune trough sand hill dune A hill of sand built by eolian processes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dune mount USGS:SDTS ridge USGS:SDTS sandy area ADL:FTT sandy area Geonames:feature sandy area Getty:TGN Dune NASA:earthrealm dune Geonames:feature sand dune USGS:SDTS interdune trough ADL:FTT sand hill USGS:SDTS A valley that contains, and has been formed by, a river. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_valley ENVO ENVO:00000171 river valley A valley that contains, and has been formed by, a river. MA:ma A desert plain characterized by a surface veneer of sand. desert sandy area EcoLexicon:sandy_area FTT:188 FTT:238 FTT:616 Geonames:T.ERG Geonames:T.SAND TGN:21203 sand desert sandy desert ENVO ENVO:00000172 There should be relation here to ENVO:sand, but it's more than "primarily composed of" and must call upon the idea of "ground surface" or layer. sandy desert desert ADL:FTT sandy area ADL:FTT sandy area Geonames:feature sandy area Getty:TGN sandy desert Geonames:feature A desert plain characterized by a surface veneer of rock. desert FTT:188 FTT:615 Geonames:T.HMDA TGN:21204 rock desert ENVO ENVO:00000173 There should be relation here to ENVO:rock, but it's more than "primarily composed of" and must call upon the idea of "ground surface" or layer. rocky desert desert ADL:FTT rock desert Geonames:feature Narrow section of land in a body of water connecting two larger land areas. EcoLexicon:isthmus FTT:892 Geonames:T.ISTH SWEETRealm:Isthmus TGN:21473 TGN:21478 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmus ISTHMUS isthmus ENVO land bridge neck submarine isthmus ENVO:00000174 envoPolar isthmus Narrow section of land in a body of water connecting two larger land areas. USGS:SDTS ISTHMUS USGS:SDTS isthmus Geonames:feature land bridge Getty:TGN neck USGS:SDTS submarine isthmus USGS:SDTS A feature shaped by the dissolution of a soluble layer or layers of bedrock, usually carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite. These landscapes display distinctive surface features and underground drainages, and in some examples there may be little or no surface drainage. EcoLexicon:karst FTT:894 Geonames:T.KRST SWEETRealm:Karst TGN:21509 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karst karst ENVO karst area ENVO:00000175 karst A feature shaped by the dissolution of a soluble layer or layers of bedrock, usually carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite. These landscapes display distinctive surface features and underground drainages, and in some examples there may be little or no surface drainage. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karst karst Geonames:feature karst area ADL:FTT karst area Getty:TGN A landform elevated above the surrounding area. LTER:177 SWEETRealm:Elevation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevation ENVO ENVO:00000176 elevation A landform elevated above the surrounding area. MA:ma An accumulation of boulders, stones, or other debris carried and deposited by a glacier. EcoLexicon:moraine FTT:759 Geonames:T.MRN TGN:21414 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraine MORAINE glacial moraine moraine ENVO ENVO:00000177 envoPolar moraine An accumulation of boulders, stones, or other debris carried and deposited by a glacier. USGS:SDTS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraine MORAINE USGS:SDTS glacial moraine USGS:SDTS moraine Geonames:feature An artificial slope or wall, usually earthen, which parallels the course of a river, built for the purpose of containing the river. EcoLexicon:levee FTT:197 FTT:21 FTT:252 FTT:619 FTT:670 FTT:921 Geonames:S.DIKE Geonames:T.LEV SWEETRealm:Dike TGN:51251 TGN:51263 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levee ENVO EMBANKMENT REVETMENT berm dike dike (manmade) dyke embankment levee revetment ENVO:00000178 levee An artificial slope or wall, usually earthen, which parallels the course of a river, built for the purpose of containing the river. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levee EMBANKMENT USGS:SDTS REVETMENT USGS:SDTS berm ADL:FTT dike Geonames:feature dike Getty:TGN dike USGS:SDTS dike (manmade) ADL:FTT dyke USGS:SDTS embankment ADL:FTT levee Geonames:feature revetment ADL:FTT An elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs. Mesas form in areas where horizontally layered rocks are uplifted by tectonic activity. plateau FTT:376 FTT:377 Geonames:T.MESA SWEETRealm:Mesa TGN:21422 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesa mesa ENVO butte ENVO:00000179 mesa An elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs. Mesas form in areas where horizontally layered rocks are uplifted by tectonic activity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesa plateau USGS:SDTS mesa Geonames:feature butte ADL:FTT A rounded elevated area. FTT:118 FTT:993 Geonames:T.MND TGN:21458 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mound ENVO mound mount ENVO:00000180 mound A rounded elevated area. MA:ma mound Geonames:feature mount USGS:SDTS The exposed summit of a ridge, mountain, or peak not covered with ice or snow within an ice field or glacier. The term is typically used in areas where a permanent ice mass is present. glacier feature FTT:648 FTT:757 FTT:80 Geonames:T.NTK Geonames:T.NTKS TGN:21495 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunatak ENVO mountain summit nunatak nunataks peak ENVO:00000181 envoPolar "peak" in the definition is understood as a synonym of mount, rather than of summit. Nunataks may also refer to areas of ridges. The definition and placement of this class may need to be revised. nunatak The exposed summit of a ridge, mountain, or peak not covered with ice or snow within an ice field or glacier. The term is typically used in areas where a permanent ice mass is present. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunatak glacier feature ADL:FTT mountain summit ADL:FTT nunatak Geonames:feature nunataks Geonames:feature peak USGS:SDTS An elevated and comparatively level expanse of land. EcoLexicon:plateau FTT:1080 FTT:1090 FTT:1091 FTT:788 Geonames:T.PLAT Geonames:T.UPLD SWEETRealm:Plateau TGN:21441 TGN:21493 TGN:21494 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateau PLATEAU Plateau ENVO highland intermontane plateau plateau table mountain tableknoll tableland tablemount upland ENVO:00000182 plateau An elevated and comparatively level expanse of land. USGS:SDTS PLATEAU USGS:SDTS Plateau NASA:earthrealm highland Getty:TGN intermontane plateau USGS:SDTS plateau Geonames:feature table mountain ADL:FTT tableknoll USGS:SDTS tableland ADL:FTT tableland USGS:SDTS tablemount USGS:SDTS upland ADL:FTT upland Geonames:feature upland Getty:TGN A desert plain characterized by a surface veneer of gravel or stones. desert FTT:188 FTT:617 Geonames:T.REG stony desert ENVO ENVO:00000183 There should be relation here to ENVO:rock and ENVO:gravel, but it's more than "primarily composed of" and must call upon the idea of "ground surface" or layer. stony desert A desert plain characterized by a surface veneer of gravel or stones. Geonames:feature desert ADL:FTT stony desert Geonames:feature A tributary valley with the floor at a higher relief than the main channel into which it flows. They are most commonly associated with U-shaped valleys when a tributary glacier flows into a glacier of larger volume. valley FTT:166 FTT:784 Geonames:T.VALG TGN:21514 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanging_valley hanging valley ENVO ENVO:00000184 envoPolar hanging valley A tributary valley with the floor at a higher relief than the main channel into which it flows. They are most commonly associated with U-shaped valleys when a tributary glacier flows into a glacier of larger volume. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley#Hanging_valleys valley ADL:FTT hanging valley Geonames:feature Rain-fed, potentially deep peatlands occurring principally in lowland areas across much of Northern Europe, as well as in the former USSR, North America and parts of the southern hemisphere. wetland SWEETRealm:RaisedBog ENVO raised bog ENVO:00000185 raised mire Rain-fed, potentially deep peatlands occurring principally in lowland areas across much of Northern Europe, as well as in the former USSR, North America and parts of the southern hemisphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peatland#Types_of_peatland wetland USGS:SDTS raised bog USGS:SDTS Flat or concave peatlands with a string-like pattern of hummocks (hence the name), found principally in northern Scandinavia but occurring in the western parts of the former USSR and in North America. A few examples exist in northern Britain. wetland https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_bog string bog ENVO ENVO:00000186 string mire Flat or concave peatlands with a string-like pattern of hummocks (hence the name), found principally in northern Scandinavia but occurring in the western parts of the former USSR and in North America. A few examples exist in northern Britain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peatland#Types_of_peatland wetland USGS:SDTS string bog USGS:SDTS Peatlands with a shallow peat layer, only about 500 mm thick, dominated by sedges and grasses. They form in permafrost areas, covering around 110,000 to 160,000 km2 in Alaska, Canada, and the former USSR. ENVO ENVO:00000187 envoPolar tundra mire Peatlands with a shallow peat layer, only about 500 mm thick, dominated by sedges and grasses. They form in permafrost areas, covering around 110,000 to 160,000 km2 in Alaska, Canada, and the former USSR. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peatland#Types_of_peatland Peatland typified by characteristic high mounds, each with a permanently frozen core, with wet depressions between the mounds. These develop where the ground surface is frozen only for part of the year, and are common in the former USSR, Canada and parts of Scandinavia. ENVO ENVO:00000188 paisa mire Peatland typified by characteristic high mounds, each with a permanently frozen core, with wet depressions between the mounds. These develop where the ground surface is frozen only for part of the year, and are common in the former USSR, Canada and parts of Scandinavia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peatland#Types_of_peatland Forested peatlands including both rain- and groundwater-fed types, commonly recorded in tropical regions with high rainfall. This type of peatland covers around 350,000 km2, primarily in south-east Asia but also occurring in the Everglades in Florida. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peat_swamp ENVO ENVO:00000189 peat swamp Forested peatlands including both rain- and groundwater-fed types, commonly recorded in tropical regions with high rainfall. This type of peatland covers around 350,000 km2, primarily in south-east Asia but also occurring in the Everglades in Florida. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peatland#Types_of_peatland Feature on the ocean floor at a depth of 3500 - 6000 meters. EcoLexicon:abyssal_hill FTT:1020 FTT:2 FTT:4 ENVO Abyssalhill abyssal hill ocean floor feature ENVO:00000190 abyssal feature Feature on the ocean floor at a depth of 3500 - 6000 meters. ADL:FTT Abyssalhill NASA:earthrealm abyssal hill ADL:FTT A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of solid material, shaped by one or more environmental processes. EcoLexicon:landform EcoLexicon:landforms FTT:754 FTT:96 SWEETRealm:Landform TGN:21400 TGN:21401 geological feature physiographic feature solid landform A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of solid material, shaped by one or more environmental processes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landform geological feature ADL:FTT A wetland that forms when mud is deposited by the tides, rivers, sea or oceans. wetland EcoLexicon:mud_flat FTT:1001 FTT:185 Geonames:H.FLTM SPIRE:Mudflat SWEETRealm:MudFlat https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudflat mud flat ENVO mud flat ENVO:00000192 mudflat A wetland that forms when mud is deposited by the tides, rivers, sea or oceans. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudflat wetland ADL:FTT mud flat ADL:FTT mud flat Geonames:feature FTT:1033 FTT:506 Geonames:V.GRVO https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive_grove ENVO olive grove wood ENVO:00000193 olive grove olive grove Geonames:feature wood ADL:FTT Broken rock that appears at the bottom of crags, mountain cliffs or valley shoulders. EcoLexicon:scree FTT:1078 FTT:96 Geonames:T.TAL SWEETRealm:Talus TGN:21508 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scree ENVO TALUS talus slope ENVO:00000194 scree Broken rock that appears at the bottom of crags, mountain cliffs or valley shoulders. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scree TALUS USGS:SDTS talus slope Geonames:feature talus slope Getty:TGN A natural depression or hole in the surface topography caused by the removal of soil or bedrock, often both, by water. Sinkholes may vary in size from less than a meter to several hundred meters both in diameter and depth, and vary in form from soil-lined bowls to bedrock-edged chasms. basin EcoLexicon:sink_hole FTT:1073 FTT:1074 Geonames:T.SINK SWEETRealm:Sink TGN:21371 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinkhole ENVO cenote sink ENVO:00000195 sinkhole A natural depression or hole in the surface topography caused by the removal of soil or bedrock, often both, by water. Sinkholes may vary in size from less than a meter to several hundred meters both in diameter and depth, and vary in form from soil-lined bowls to bedrock-edged chasms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinkhole basin USGS:SDTS sink Geonames:feature sink USGS:SDTS A dry lakebed consisting of fine-grained sediments infused with alkali salts. Generally the shore or bed of an endorheic lake. FTT:223 FTT:477 FTT:706 FTT:895 LTER:434 SWEETRealm:Playa ENVO chott kavir playa salina ENVO:00000196 alkaline flat A dry lakebed consisting of fine-grained sediments infused with alkali salts. Generally the shore or bed of an endorheic lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabkha chott ADL:FTT kavir ADL:FTT playa ADL:FTT salina USGS:SDTS A lake from which there is no outflow of water, either on the surface as rivers, or underground by flow or diffusion through rock or permeable material. EcoLexicon:endorheic_lake https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endorheic_lake closed lake endorheic lake A lake from which there is no outflow of water, either on the surface as rivers, or underground by flow or diffusion through rock or permeable material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endorheic A lake permanently covered by ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subglacial_lake ENVO ENVO:00000198 envoPolar ice-covered lake A lake permanently covered by ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Types_of_lakes A lake which has layers of water which do not intermix. The deepest layer of water in such a lake does not contain any dissolved oxygen. The layers of sediment at the bottom of a meromictic lake remain relatively undisturbed because there are no living organisms to stir them up. EcoLexicon:meromictic_lake_ ENVO ENVO:00000199 meromictic lake A lake which has layers of water which do not intermix. The deepest layer of water in such a lake does not contain any dissolved oxygen. The layers of sediment at the bottom of a meromictic lake remain relatively undisturbed because there are no living organisms to stir them up. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Types_of_lakes A lake, part of whose margin is formed by an ice mass, ice cap or glacier, the ice having obstructed the natural drainage of the land. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periglacial_lake ENVO ENVO:00000200 envoPolar periglacial lake A lake, part of whose margin is formed by an ice mass, ice cap or glacier, the ice having obstructed the natural drainage of the land. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Types_of_lakes A lake in a glacially eroded valley, which has been eroded below sea level. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjord_lake ENVO ENVO:00000201 envoPolar fjord lake A lake in a glacially eroded valley, which has been eroded below sea level. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Types_of_lakes A lake which is formed when a wide meander from a stream or a river is cut off to form a lake. They are called oxbow lakes due to the distinctive curved shape that results from this process. EcoLexicon:ox-bow_lake FTT:221 FTT:903 Geonames:H.LKO TGN:21139 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxbow_lake ENVO ENVO:00000202 oxbow lake A lake which is formed when a wide meander from a stream or a river is cut off to form a lake. They are called oxbow lakes due to the distinctive curved shape that results from this process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Types_of_lakes A lake which fills a depression that has formed as a result of subsidence along a a rift zone, an area of extensional tectonics in the continental crust. rift lake A lake which fills a depression that has formed as a result of subsidence along a a rift zone, an area of extensional tectonics in the continental crust. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Types_of_lakes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rift_lake A spring whose flow is intermittent. ENVO ENVO:00000204 ephemeral spring A spring whose flow is intermittent. MA:ma A spring whose flow is continuous. ENVO ENVO:00000205 permanent spring A spring whose flow is continuous. MA:ma The water mass of an ocean directly above a continental shelf. EcoLexicon:neritic_zone SWEETRealm:NeriticZone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neritic_zone ENVO ENVO:00000206 envoMarine envoPolar marine neritic zone The water mass of an ocean directly above a continental shelf. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean The water mass of an ocean that is not above a continental shelf. EcoLexicon:oceanic_zone OceanLayer envoMarine envoPolar oceanic zone The water mass of an ocean that is not above a continental shelf. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean OceanLayer NASA:earthrealm An open ocean region. EcoLexicon:pelagic_zone SPIRE:Pelagic SWEETRealm:PelagicZone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagic_zone envoMarine envoPolar marine pelagic zone An open ocean region. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean The zone of an ocean from the surface to where photosynthesis can occur, due to the penetration of light. EcoLexicon:epipelagic_zone SPIRE:Epipelagic_zone SWEETRealm:PhoticZone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photic_zone PhoticZone epipelagic zone envoMarine envoPolar marine photic zone The zone of an ocean from the surface to where photosynthesis can occur, due to the penetration of light. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean PhoticZone NASA:earthrealm The zone of an ocean below 200m, in which photosynthesis cannot occur due to the lack of light. EcoLexicon:aphotic_zone SWEETRealm:AphoticZone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphotic_zone AphoticZone envoMarine envoPolar marine aphotic zone The zone of an ocean below 200m, in which photosynthesis cannot occur due to the lack of light. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean AphoticZone NASA:earthrealm The one of an ocean below the 10degC thermocline down to a temperature of 4degC. EcoLexicon:bathypelagic_zone SWEETRealm:BathypelagicZone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathypelagic_zone envoMarine marine bathypelagic zone The one of an ocean below the 10degC thermocline down to a temperature of 4degC. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean The zone of the ocean below the bathypelagic zone, with its lowest boundary at about 6000m. envoMarine marine abyssalpelagic zone The zone of the ocean below the bathypelagic zone, with its lowest boundary at about 6000m. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean The zone of an ocean immediately below the photic zone down to a depth where the water temperature is 10degC (the thermocline). EcoLexicon:mesopelagic_zone SPIRE:Mesopelagic_zone SWEETRealm:MesopelagicZone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopelagic_zone envoMarine marine mesopelagic zone The zone of an ocean immediately below the photic zone down to a depth where the water temperature is 10degC (the thermocline). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean The zone of an ocean in oceanic trenches, lying between 6000m and 10,000m. envoMarine hadalpelagic zone The zone of an ocean in oceanic trenches, lying between 6000m and 10,000m. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean A fissure in the Earths's surface from which geothermally heated water issues. EcoLexicon:hydrothermal_vent FTT:834 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_vent HydrothermalVents ENVO ENVO:00000215 hydrothermal vent A fissure in the Earths's surface from which geothermally heated water issues. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_vents HydrothermalVents NASA:earthrealm A hole in the Earth's crust from which steam and gases are emitted. thermal feature EcoLexicon:fumarole FTT:731 FTT:732 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumarole FUMAROLE ENVO ENVO:00000216 fumarole A hole in the Earth's crust from which steam and gases are emitted. USGS:SDTS thermal feature ADL:FTT FUMAROLE USGS:SDTS A fumarole that emits sulfurous gases. EcoLexicon:solfatara https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solfatara ENVO ENVO:00000217 solfatara A fumarole that emits sulfurous gases. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumarole A hydrothermal vent found on the ocean floor. The vents are formed in fields hundreds of meters wide when superheated water from below the Earth's crust comes through the ocean floor. The superheated water is rich in dissolved minerals from the crust, most notably sulfides, which crystallize to create a chimney-like structure around each vent. When the superheated water in the vent comes in contact with the cold ocean water, many minerals are precipitated, creating the distinctive black color. The metal sulfides that are deposited can become massive sulfide ore deposits in time. SPIRE:Oceanic_vent https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_smoker active chimney ENVO oceanic vent sea vent ENVO:00000218 black smoker A hydrothermal vent found on the ocean floor. The vents are formed in fields hundreds of meters wide when superheated water from below the Earth's crust comes through the ocean floor. The superheated water is rich in dissolved minerals from the crust, most notably sulfides, which crystallize to create a chimney-like structure around each vent. When the superheated water in the vent comes in contact with the cold ocean water, many minerals are precipitated, creating the distinctive black color. The metal sulfides that are deposited can become massive sulfide ore deposits in time. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_smoker oceanic vent SPIRE:Oceanic_vent A sea that is not connected with an ocean. lake FTT:221 FTT:871 ENVO inland sea ENVO:00000219 envoMarine envoPolar landlocked sea A sea that is not connected with an ocean. MA:ma lake ADL:FTT lake USGS:SDTS inland sea USGS:SDTS A group of geographically or geologically associated islands. EcoLexicon:archipelago FTT:146 TGN:21470 TGN:21474 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archipelago ISLAND CLUSTER IslandArc island arc island group archipelago A group of geographically or geologically associated islands. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archipelago ISLAND CLUSTER USGS:SDTS IslandArc NASA:earthrealm island arc USGS:SDTS island group Getty:TGN An island that lies on a continental shelf. EcoLexicon:continental_island https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_island ENVO ENVO:00000221 continental island An island that lies on a continental shelf. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island#Continental_island An island that does not sit on a continental shelf, and is of volcanic origin. EcoLexicon:oceanic_island https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_island ENVO volcanic island ENVO:00000222 oceanic island An island that does not sit on a continental shelf, and is of volcanic origin. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island#Oceanic_islands The extended perimeter of each continent, which is covered during interglacial periods such as the current epoch by relatively shallow sea. EcoLexicon:continental_margin EcoLexicon:continental_shelf FTT:283 FTT:284 FTT:535 FTT:537 FTT:538 FTT:539 Geonames:U.BDLU Geonames:U.SHFU SWEETRealm:ContinentalMargin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_shelf shelf shelves, continental ENVO borderland borderland (continental margin) platform (continental margin) shelf edge (ocean) ENVO:00000223 envoPolar The continental shelf is a gentle slope. This class refers to the geographical continental shelf and not the legal concept of the same name. continental shelf The extended perimeter of each continent, which is covered during interglacial periods such as the current epoch by relatively shallow sea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_shelf shelf Geonames:feature shelves, continental ADL:FTT borderland Geonames:feature borderland (continental margin) ADL:FTT platform (continental margin) ADL:FTT shelf edge (ocean) ADL:FTT An estuary whose river output is less than the marine input. Here, turbulence causes mixing of the whole water column, such that salinity varies more longitudinally rather than vertically. slightly stratified estuary An estuary whose river output is less than the marine input. Here, turbulence causes mixing of the whole water column, such that salinity varies more longitudinally rather than vertically. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary An estuary whose river output and marine input are more even, with river flow still dominant; turbulence induces more mixing of salt water upward than the reverse. ENVO ENVO:00000225 highly stratified estuary An estuary whose river output and marine input are more even, with river flow still dominant; turbulence induces more mixing of salt water upward than the reverse. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary An estuary whose river output greatly exceeds marine input; there is little mixing, and thus a sharp contrast between fresh surface water and saline bottom water. EcoLexicon:salt-wedge_estuary salt wedge estuary ENVO ENVO:00000226 saline wedge estuary An estuary whose river output greatly exceeds marine input; there is little mixing, and thus a sharp contrast between fresh surface water and saline bottom water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary An estuary whose river output is less than the marine input. Here, turbulence causes mixing of the whole water column, such that salinity varies more longitudinally rather than vertically. ENVO ENVO:00000227 vertically mixed estuary An estuary whose river output is less than the marine input. Here, turbulence causes mixing of the whole water column, such that salinity varies more longitudinally rather than vertically. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary An estuary located in regions with high evaporation, there is no freshwater input and in fact salinity increases inland; overall flow is inward at the surface, downwells at the inland terminus, and flows outward subsurface. ENVO ENVO:00000228 inverse estuary An estuary located in regions with high evaporation, there is no freshwater input and in fact salinity increases inland; overall flow is inward at the surface, downwells at the inland terminus, and flows outward subsurface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary An estuary which varies dramatically in its volume as a result of intermittent freshwater input, and is capable of changing from a wholly marine embayment to any other type of estuary. intermittent estuary An estuary which varies dramatically in its volume as a result of intermittent freshwater input, and is capable of changing from a wholly marine embayment to any other type of estuary. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary A wetland ecosystem which overlaps both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_wetland coastal wetland ecosystem A wetland ecosystem which overlaps both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. MA:ma A wetland found in upland areas, characterised by acidic soils. moor EcoLexicon:moor FTT:1191 FTT:991 Geonames:H.MOOR LTER:351 TGN:21608 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moor moor A wetland found in upland areas, characterised by acidic soils. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moorland moor Geonames:feature A freshwater peat land with chemically basic (which roughly means alkaline) ground water. wetland FTT:685 TGN:21321 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fen ENVO ENVO:00000232 fen A freshwater peat land with chemically basic (which roughly means alkaline) ground water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland#Wetland_types wetland ADL:FTT wetland USGS:SDTS A wetland ecosystem in which land mass is permanently inundated by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hummocks, or dry-land protrusions. wetland EcoLexicon:swamp FTT:1226 FTT:185 FTT:480 Geonames:H.SWMP SPIRE:Swamp SWEETRealm:Swamp TGN:21324 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swamp Swamp swamp cienaga swamp ecosystem A wetland ecosystem in which land mass is permanently inundated by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hummocks, or dry-land protrusions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swamp wetland ADL:FTT wetland USGS:SDTS Swamp NASA:earthrealm swamp Geonames:feature cienaga ADL:FTT A small, slow-moving stream or creek; usually located in low-lying areas. lake watercourse EcoLexicon:embayment_ FTT:1206 FTT:228 FTT:230 TGN:21303 TGN:21305 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayou ENVO bahia embayment lake slough ENVO:00000234 bayou A small, slow-moving stream or creek; usually located in low-lying areas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayous lake USGS:SDTS watercourse USGS:SDTS bahia ADL:FTT embayment ADL:FTT lake USGS:SDTS A fen which has developed to the point where it supports trees. ENVO ENVO:00000235 carr A fen which has developed to the point where it supports trees. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland#Wetland_types A class of complex shallow wetlands in central, southern and eastern Africa, particularly in Zambia and Zimbabwe. They are generally found in higher rainfall flat plateau areas, and have river-like branching forms which may be nowhere very large, but common enough to add up to a large area. dambo A class of complex shallow wetlands in central, southern and eastern Africa, particularly in Zambia and Zimbabwe. They are generally found in higher rainfall flat plateau areas, and have river-like branching forms which may be nowhere very large, but common enough to add up to a large area. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dambos A danbo associated with a headwater. hydromorphic/phreatic dambo A danbo associated with a headwater. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dambos A dambo associated with a river. fluvial dambo A dambo associated with a river. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dambos A palustrine wetland with deep, acidic, sandy, peat soils. Groundwater saturates the soil except during brief seasonal dry spells and during prolonged droughts. Pocosin soils are nutrient deficient (oligotrophic), especially in phosphorus. pocasin A palustrine wetland with deep, acidic, sandy, peat soils. Groundwater saturates the soil except during brief seasonal dry spells and during prolonged droughts. Pocosin soils are nutrient deficient (oligotrophic), especially in phosphorus. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocosin ENVO ENVO:00000240 It would be more correct to say that this has_quality salty or has_part ((soil and water) and has_increased_levels_of salt. saline wetland A level tract lying at a small depth below the surface of water, or alternately covered and left bare by the tide. wetland EcoLexicon:tidal_flat FTT:1230 FTT:185 FTT:706 Geonames:H.FLTT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_flat FLAT tidal flat ENVO ENVO:00000241 tidal mudflat A level tract lying at a small depth below the surface of water, or alternately covered and left bare by the tide. USGS:SDTS wetland ADL:FTT FLAT USGS:SDTS tidal flat ADL:FTT tidal flat Geonames:feature tidal flat USGS:SDTS A wetland that forms when mud is deposited by a stream. lacustrine mudflat A wetland that forms when mud is deposited by a stream. MA:ma A wetland which is inundated with water that contains low concentrations of salts. freshwater wetland ecosystem A wetland which is inundated with water that contains low concentrations of salts. MA:ma A flat or very gently sloping areas of the deep ocean basin floor. EcoLexicon:abyssal_plain FTT:4 SPIRE:Abyssal TGN:23302 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyssal_plain Abyssalplain ENVO abyssal feature ENVO:00000244 abyssal plain A flat or very gently sloping areas of the deep ocean basin floor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyssal_plain Abyssalplain NASA:earthrealm abyssal feature ADL:FTT A broad, low relief crater that results from a phreatic eruption or explosion caused by groundwater contact with hot lava or magma. The maar typically fills with water to form a relatively shallow crater lake. maar A broad, low relief crater that results from a phreatic eruption or explosion caused by groundwater contact with hot lava or magma. The maar typically fills with water to form a relatively shallow crater lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maar A crater formed by a volcano, within which occurs a vent (or vents) from which magma erupts as gases, lava, and ejecta. FTT:219 TGN:21408 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_crater crater volcanic crater A crater formed by a volcano, within which occurs a vent (or vents) from which magma erupts as gases, lava, and ejecta. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_crater An opening, or rupture, in the Earth's surface or crust, which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface. mount EcoLexicon:volcano FTT:592 Geonames:T.VLC TGN:21406 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano Volcano volcano ENVO ENVO:00000247 volcano An opening, or rupture, in the Earth's surface or crust, which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano mount USGS:SDTS Volcano NASA:earthrealm volcano Geonames:feature A valley that contains, or contained, a glacier and was formed by glacial activity. Typically U-shaped in cross-section. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacial_valley ENVO valley ENVO:00000248 envoPolar glacial valley A valley that contains, or contained, a glacier and was formed by glacial activity. Typically U-shaped in cross-section. MA:ma valley USGS:SDTS The parallel ridges of till deposited along the sides of an alglacier. The unconsolidated debris is deposited on top of the glacier by frost shattering of the valley walls and from tributary streams flowing into the valley. The till is carried along the glacial margin until the glacier melts. moraine EcoLexicon:lateral_moraine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_moraine ENVO ENVO:00000249 envoPolar lateral moraine The parallel ridges of till deposited along the sides of an alglacier. The unconsolidated debris is deposited on top of the glacier by frost shattering of the valley walls and from tributary streams flowing into the valley. The till is carried along the glacial margin until the glacier melts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraine moraine USGS:SDTS A moriane formed when the inside lateral moraines of two glaciers merge together. They form a ridge down the center of the combined glaciers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_moraine ENVO ENVO:00000250 envoPolar medial moraine A moriane formed when the inside lateral moraines of two glaciers merge together. They form a ridge down the center of the combined glaciers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraine A till covered area with irregular topography and no ridges, often forming gently rolling hills or plains. Forms by the accumulation of till under the ice by lodgement, but may also be deposited as the glacier retreats. EcoLexicon:ground_moraine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_moraine ENVO ENVO:00000251 envoPolar ground moraine A till covered area with irregular topography and no ridges, often forming gently rolling hills or plains. Forms by the accumulation of till under the ice by lodgement, but may also be deposited as the glacier retreats. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraine Ridges of unconsolidated debris deposited at the snout or end of the glacier. They usually reflect the shape of the glacier's terminus. EcoLexicon:terminal_moraine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_moraine end moraine ENVO delta moraine moraine ENVO:00000252 envoPolar terminal moraine Ridges of unconsolidated debris deposited at the snout or end of the glacier. They usually reflect the shape of the glacier's terminus. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraine end moraine USGS:SDTS delta moraine USGS:SDTS moraine USGS:SDTS A plain where a stream meanders across an area with a very low gradient, usually with a fairly continuous discharge. In addition to meanders, scroll plains are also characterised by many oxbow lakes. ENVO ENVO:00000253 scroll plane A plain where a stream meanders across an area with a very low gradient, usually with a fairly continuous discharge. In addition to meanders, scroll plains are also characterised by many oxbow lakes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scroll_plain An extensive flat plain of glacial till that forms when a sheet of ice becomes detached from the main body of a glacier and melts in place depositing the sediments it carried. ENVO ENVO:00000254 till plan An extensive flat plain of glacial till that forms when a sheet of ice becomes detached from the main body of a glacier and melts in place depositing the sediments it carried. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Till_plain An area which is subject to periodic flooding. EcoLexicon:flood_plain FTT:288 FTT:98 LTER:197 SWEETRealm:FloodPlain TGN:21460 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_plain FLOOD PLAIN Floodplain floodplain ENVO bottomland ENVO:00000255 flood plain An area which is subject to periodic flooding. USGS:SDTS FLOOD PLAIN USGS:SDTS Floodplain NASA:earthrealm floodplain ADL:FTT bottomland ADL:FTT The stream channel and adjacent areas that carry flood flows in a flood plain. FTT:710 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floodway ENVO ENVO:00000256 floodway The stream channel and adjacent areas that carry flood flows in a flood plain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_plain Area of a flood plane covered by the flood, but which does not experience a strong current. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_fringe ENVO ENVO:00000257 flood fringe Area of a flood plane covered by the flood, but which does not experience a strong current. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_plain A relatively flat and gently sloping landform found at the base of a range of hills or mountains, formed by the deposition of alluvial soil over a long period of time by one or more streams coming from the mountains. EcoLexicon:alluvial_plain SWEETRealm:AlluvialPlain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvial_plain alluvial plain A relatively flat and gently sloping landform found at the base of a range of hills or mountains, formed by the deposition of alluvial soil over a long period of time by one or more streams coming from the mountains. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvial_plain A plain that originally formed in a lacustrine environment, that is, as the bed of a lake, but from which the water has disappeared, by natural drainage, evaporation or other geophysical processes. SWEETRealm:LacustrinePlain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacustrine_plain ENVO ENVO:00000259 lacustrine plain A plain that originally formed in a lacustrine environment, that is, as the bed of a lake, but from which the water has disappeared, by natural drainage, evaporation or other geophysical processes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacustrine_plain An area of land of low topographic relief that historically supported grasses and herbs, with few trees, and having generally a mesic (moderate or temperate) climate. Dominated by tall grasses (contrast steppe). FTT:259 FTT:707 FTT:769 FTT:926 TGN:21605 TGN:21606 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prairie ENVO grassland llanos pampa plain veld ENVO:00000260 prairie An area of land of low topographic relief that historically supported grasses and herbs, with few trees, and having generally a mesic (moderate or temperate) climate. Dominated by tall grasses (contrast steppe). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prairie grassland ADL:FTT grassland USGS:SDTS llanos ADL:FTT pampa Getty:TGN plain ADL:FTT veld USGS:SDTS A grassland of the tropics or subtropics with scattered trees. FTT:259 FTT:770 FTT:771 TGN:21607 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savanna Savanna ENVO grassland savannah ENVO:00000261 savanna A grassland of the tropics or subtropics with scattered trees. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublands Savanna NASA:earthrealm grassland ADL:FTT grassland USGS:SDTS savannah ADL:FTT A plain without trees (apart from those near rivers and lakes); it is similar to a prairie, although a prairie is generally considered as being dominated by tall grasses, while short grasses are said to be normal in the steppe. It may be semi-desert, or covered with grass or shrubs or both, depending on the season and latitude. EcoLexicon:steppe FTT:259 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steppe grassland pampa pampas puszta steppe A plain without trees (apart from those near rivers and lakes); it is similar to a prairie, although a prairie is generally considered as being dominated by tall grasses, while short grasses are said to be normal in the steppe. It may be semi-desert, or covered with grass or shrubs or both, depending on the season and latitude. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steppe grassland ADL:FTT grassland USGS:SDTS pampas USGS:SDTS puszta USGS:SDTS A narrow, vertical cave passage, often developed along a joint but not necessarily so. Usually due to solution but sometimes to tension. ENVO ENVO:00000263 fissure cave A narrow, vertical cave passage, often developed along a joint but not necessarily so. Usually due to solution but sometimes to tension. web:http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html A mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface (sea level), and thus is not an island. Typically formed from volcanoes that rise abruptly and are usually found rising from a seafloor of 1,000 - 4,000 meters depth. Independent features that rise to at least 1,000 meters above the seafloor. mount EcoLexicon:mountain EcoLexicon:seamount FTT:1241 Geonames:MTSU Geonames:RNGU Geonames:U.HLLU Geonames:U.HLSU Geonames:U.KNLU Geonames:U.KNSU Geonames:U.MESU Geonames:U.MNDU Geonames:U.MTU Geonames:U.PKSU Geonames:U.PKU Geonames:U.SMSU Geonames:U.SMU TGN:23132 TGN:23133 TGN:23172 TGN:23175 TGN:23176 TGN:23178 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seamount Seamount mountains sea mount sea-mount seaknoll seamount submarine volcano ENVO hill hills knoll knolls mesa mound mount mountain peak peaks range seakpeak undersea hill undersea knoll undersea mound ENVO:00000264 seamount A mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface (sea level), and thus is not an island. Typically formed from volcanoes that rise abruptly and are usually found rising from a seafloor of 1,000 - 4,000 meters depth. Independent features that rise to at least 1,000 meters above the seafloor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seamount mount USGS:SDTS Seamount NASA:earthrealm mountains Geonames:feature seaknoll USGS:SDTS seamount Geonames:feature hill Geonames:feature hills Geonames:feature knoll Geonames:feature knolls Geonames:feature mesa Geonames:feature mound Geonames:feature mount USGS:SDTS mountain Geonames:feature peak Geonames:feature peaks Geonames:feature range Geonames:feature seakpeak ADL:FTT seakpeak USGS:SDTS undersea hill Getty:TGN undersea knoll Getty:TGN undersea mound Getty:TGN A flat-topped seamount. seamount EcoLexicon:tablemount FTT:1197 FTT:777 FTT:778 Geonames:U.TMSU TGN:23171 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyot tablemount tablemounts ENVO plateau tablemount (seafloor) ENVO:00000265 guyot A flat-topped seamount. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyot seamount ADL:FTT tablemount Geonames:feature tablemounts Geonames:feature plateau USGS:SDTS tablemount (seafloor) ADL:FTT A grassland ecosystem which is used for grazing of ungulate livestock as part of a farm or ranch. FTT:45 FTT:67 Geonames:L.GRAZ grazing area pasture A grassland ecosystem which is used for grazing of ungulate livestock as part of a farm or ranch. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasture grazing area Geonames:feature A steep-sided valley on the sea floor of the continental slope. Many submarine canyons are found as extensions to large rivers; however there are many that have no such association. Canyons cutting the continental slopes have been found at depths greater than 2 km below sea level. Many submarine canyons continue as submarine channels across continental rise areas and may extend for hundreds of kilometers. canyon canyons EcoLexicon:submarine_canyon FTT:421 Geonames:U.CNSU Geonames:U.CNYU TGN:23415 TGN:23416 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_canyon SubmarineCanyon undersea canyon ENVO undersea ravine ENVO:00000267 submarine canyon A steep-sided valley on the sea floor of the continental slope. Many submarine canyons are found as extensions to large rivers; however there are many that have no such association. Canyons cutting the continental slopes have been found at depths greater than 2 km below sea level. Many submarine canyons continue as submarine channels across continental rise areas and may extend for hundreds of kilometers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_canyon canyon Geonames:feature canyons Geonames:feature SubmarineCanyon NASA:earthrealm undersea canyon Getty:TGN undersea ravine Getty:TGN The ground surface that lies beneath a lake. FTT:221 FTT:804 lake bottom lake lake bed The ground surface that lies beneath a lake. MA:ma lake ADL:FTT A continental island connected to its adjacent land by a natural feature, such as a causeway. island FTT:147 FTT:890 Geonames:T.ISLT TGN:21511 ENVO land-tied island ENVO:00000269 land-tied island A continental island connected to its adjacent land by a natural feature, such as a causeway. MA:ma island ADL:FTT land-tied island Geonames:feature A pond that has formed as a consequence of the activities of beavers, building a beaver dam. FTT:245 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaver_pond ENVO lake ENVO:00000270 beaver pond A pond that has formed as a consequence of the activities of beavers, building a beaver dam. MA:ma lake ADL:FTT A dry (salt) lake in the Saharan area of Africa that stays dry in the summer, but receive some water in the winter. This water may come as a groundwater discharge. FTT:477 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chott shott ENVO ENVO:00000271 chott A dry (salt) lake in the Saharan area of Africa that stays dry in the summer, but receive some water in the winter. This water may come as a groundwater discharge. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chott The point where a tributary joins a more major river. stream EcoLexicon:confluence FTT:105 FTT:531 Geonames:H.CNFL TGN:21160 TGN:21381 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confluence confluence ENVO stream junction ENVO:00000272 confluence The point where a tributary joins a more major river. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confluence stream Geonames:feature confluence ADL:FTT confluence Geonames:feature stream junction Getty:TGN The seabed below the end of the continental shelf (the shelf break). The continental slope is much steeper than the shelf; the average angle is 3, but it can be as low as 1 or as high as 10. The slope is often cut with submarine canyons. EcoLexicon:continental_slope FTT:536 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_slope ENVO ENVO:00000273 envoPolar continental slope The seabed below the end of the continental shelf (the shelf break). The continental slope is much steeper than the shelf; the average angle is 3, but it can be as low as 1 or as high as 10. The slope is often cut with submarine canyons. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_margin The continental rise is below the continental slope, but landward of the abyssal plains. Its gradient is intermediate between the slope and the shelf, on the order of 0.5-1. Extending as far as 500 km from the slope, it consists of thick sediments deposited by turbidity currents from the shelf and slope. Sediment cascades down the slope and accumulates as a pile of sediment at the base of the slope, called the continental rise. FTT:534 Geonames:U.CRSU TGN:23110 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_rise continental rise ENVO ENVO:00000274 continental rise The continental rise is below the continental slope, but landward of the abyssal plains. Its gradient is intermediate between the slope and the shelf, on the order of 0.5-1. Extending as far as 500 km from the slope, it consists of thick sediments deposited by turbidity currents from the shelf and slope. Sediment cascades down the slope and accumulates as a pile of sediment at the base of the slope, called the continental rise. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_margin continental rise Geonames:feature Hemispheric-scale long but narrow topographic depressions of the sea floor. They are the deepest parts of the ocean floor. EcoLexicon:deep_sea_trench FTT:1021 FTT:609 FTT:610 Geonames:U.TRGU Geonames:U.TRNU SWEETRealm:Trench TGN:23462 TGN:23464 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_trench Trench deep sea trench ocean trench ENVO deep undersea trench ENVO:00000275 ocean trench Hemispheric-scale long but narrow topographic depressions of the sea floor. They are the deepest parts of the ocean floor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_trench Trench NASA:earthrealm ocean trench ADL:FTT deep USGS:SDTS undersea trench Getty:TGN An elongated whale-shaped hill formed by glacial action. Its long axis is parallel with the movement of the ice, with the blunter end facing into the glacial movement. Drumlins are sometimes compared to kames, but their formation is distinctively different. A drumlin is not originally shaped by meltwater, but by the ice itself and has a quite regular shape. It occurs in fine grained material, such as clay or shale, not in sands and gravels. And drumlins usually have concentric layers of material, as the ice successively plasters new layers in its movement. EcoLexicon:drumlin FTT:647 TGN:21411 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drumlin ENVO mount ridge ENVO:00000276 drumlin An elongated whale-shaped hill formed by glacial action. Its long axis is parallel with the movement of the ice, with the blunter end facing into the glacial movement. Drumlins are sometimes compared to kames, but their formation is distinctively different. A drumlin is not originally shaped by meltwater, but by the ice itself and has a quite regular shape. It occurs in fine grained material, such as clay or shale, not in sands and gravels. And drumlins usually have concentric layers of material, as the ice successively plasters new layers in its movement. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drumlin mount USGS:SDTS ridge USGS:SDTS A lake that has either permanently or temporally lost its water. lake FTT:650 Geonames:H.LBED SWEETRealm:DryLake TGN:21117 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_lake lake bed Classes like this pose a logical problem. This probably shouldn't be a lake (water body) but a depression. Lakes which have temporarily lost water should be distinguished from permanently dry lakes. dry lake A lake that has either permanently or temporally lost its water. MA:ma lake ADL:FTT lake bed Geonames:feature A stream channel through which no water flows and which has dried, containing no appreciable accumulations of water. FTT:105 FTT:651 Geonames:T.SBED ENVO dry stream bed ENVO:00000278 dry stream A stream channel through which no water flows and which has dried, containing no appreciable accumulations of water. MA:ma http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 dry stream bed ADL:FTT dry stream bed Geonames:feature A flat expanse of ground covered with salt and other minerals, usually shining white under the sun. A salt pan is formed where water pools. A saline pan would be a lake or a pond if it were located in a climate where the rate of water evaporation were not faster than the rate of water precipitation, i.e., if it were not in a desert. If the water is unable to drain into the ground, it remains on the surface until it evaporates, leaving behind whatever minerals were dissolved. Over thousands of years, the minerals (usually salts) accumulate on the surface. EcoLexicon:salt_pan Geonames:L.SALT SWEETRealm:SaltFlat TGN:21459 TGN:21506 SALT PAN salt pan ENVO salt area salt flat ENVO:00000279 saline pan A flat expanse of ground covered with salt and other minerals, usually shining white under the sun. A salt pan is formed where water pools. A saline pan would be a lake or a pond if it were located in a climate where the rate of water evaporation were not faster than the rate of water precipitation, i.e., if it were not in a desert. If the water is unable to drain into the ground, it remains on the surface until it evaporates, leaving behind whatever minerals were dissolved. Over thousands of years, the minerals (usually salts) accumulate on the surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_pan_%28geology%29 SALT PAN USGS:SDTS salt area Geonames:feature salt area Getty:TGN salt flat Getty:TGN A transition zone between different physiogeographic provinces that involves an elevation differential, often involving high cliffs. Most commonly a transition from one series of sedimentary rocks to another series of a different age and composition. In such cases, the escarpment usually represents the line of erosional loss of the newer rock over the older. EcoLexicon:scarp FTT:490 FTT:596 Geonames:T.CUET Geonames:T.SCRP TGN:21489 TGN:21500 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escarpment escarpment scarp ENVO cliff cuesta ENVO:00000280 escarpment A transition zone between different physiogeographic provinces that involves an elevation differential, often involving high cliffs. Most commonly a transition from one series of sedimentary rocks to another series of a different age and composition. In such cases, the escarpment usually represents the line of erosional loss of the newer rock over the older. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escarpment escarpment Geonames:feature cliff USGS:SDTS cuesta ADL:FTT cuesta Geonames:feature cuesta Getty:TGN An escarpment resulting from a fault. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fault_escarpment ENVO ENVO:00000281 fault escarpment An escarpment resulting from a fault. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escarpment A long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel which occur in glaciated and formerly glaciated regions of Europe and North America. FTT:673 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esker ENVO ridge ENVO:00000282 esker A long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel which occur in glaciated and formerly glaciated regions of Europe and North America. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esker ridge ADL:FTT ridge USGS:SDTS A long and narrow upland with steep sides. EcoLexicon:beach_cusp EcoLexicon:crest FTT:1176 FTT:1177 FTT:154 FTT:155 FTT:236 FTT:596 FTT:809 FTT:844 Geonames:T.RDGE SWEETRealm:Ridge TGN:21366 TGN:21491 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridge RIDGE Ridge beach cusp beach ridge icecap ridge rise (seafloor) ENVO arete crest cuesta hogback ridge spur spur (physiographic) ENVO:00000283 ridge A long and narrow upland with steep sides. USGS:SDTS RIDGE USGS:SDTS Ridge NASA:earthrealm beach cusp USGS:SDTS beach ridge ADL:FTT beach ridge USGS:SDTS icecap ridge ADL:FTT rise (seafloor) ADL:FTT arete ADL:FTT arete USGS:SDTS crest USGS:SDTS cuesta ADL:FTT cuesta USGS:SDTS hogback ADL:FTT ridge Geonames:feature spur Getty:TGN spur (physiographic) ADL:FTT An open-pit mine from which rock or minerals are extracted. EcoLexicon:quarry FTT:14 FTT:974 Geonames:S.MNQR TGN:54217 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarry ENVO ENVO:00000284 quarry An open-pit mine from which rock or minerals are extracted. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarry A bed of loose sand mixed with water forming a soft, shifting mass that yields easily to pressure. EcoLexicon:quicksand FTT:206 FTT:207 Geonames:L.QCKS TGN:21503 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksand quicksand QUICKSAND bar quicksand quicksand bed A bed of loose sand mixed with water forming a soft, shifting mass that yields easily to pressure. USGS:SDTS quicksand Geonames:feature QUICKSAND USGS:SDTS bar ADL:FTT An area reclaimed from the sea by diking and draining. physiographic feature EcoLexicon:polder FTT:1070 FTT:96 Geonames:T.PLDR TGN:21522 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polder polder ENVO ENVO:00000286 polder An area reclaimed from the sea by diking and draining. Geonames:feature physiographic feature ADL:FTT polder Geonames:feature An isolated hill with steep sides and a small flat top, smaller than mesas and plateaus. Buttes are formed by erosion when a cap of hard rock, usually of volcanic origin, covers a layer of softer rock that is easily worn away. This hard rock avoids erosion while the rock around it wears down. plateau FTT:376 Geonames:T.BUTE SWEETRealm:Butte TGN:21443 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butte butte ENVO ENVO:00000287 butte An isolated hill with steep sides and a small flat top, smaller than mesas and plateaus. Buttes are formed by erosion when a cap of hard rock, usually of volcanic origin, covers a layer of softer rock that is easily worn away. This hard rock avoids erosion while the rock around it wears down. ADL:FTT plateau USGS:SDTS butte Geonames:feature agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:53 Geonames:ESTC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotton_plantation cotton plantation ENVO ENVO:00000288 cotton plantation agricultural site ADL:FTT cotton plantation Geonames:feature The raised fault block bounded by normal faults. The raised block is a portion of the Earth's crust that has remained stationary while the land has sunk on either side of it or has been crushed by a mountain range against it. ENVO ENVO:00000289 horst The raised fault block bounded by normal faults. The raised block is a portion of the Earth's crust that has remained stationary while the land has sunk on either side of it or has been crushed by a mountain range against it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horst_%28geology%29 A depressed block of land bordered by parallel faults. A graben is the result of a block of land being downthrown producing a valley with a distinct scarp on each side. Grabens often occur side-by-side with horsts. Horst and graben structures are indicative of tensional forces and crustal stretching. FTT:682 SWEETRealm:FaultZone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graben ENVO fault zone ENVO:00000290 graben A depressed block of land bordered by parallel faults. A graben is the result of a block of land being downthrown producing a valley with a distinct scarp on each side. Grabens often occur side-by-side with horsts. Horst and graben structures are indicative of tensional forces and crustal stretching. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graben fault zone ADL:FTT An extent or area of land where surface water from rain and melting snow or ice converges to a single point at lower elevation, usually the exit of the basin, where the waters join another waterbody. EcoLexicon:basin EcoLexicon:drainage_basin FTT:220 FTT:440 Geonames:L.BSND LTER:58 SWEETRealm:DrainageBasin TGN:21455 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage_basin Basin ENVO CATCHMENT Catchment Watershed catchment drainage basin watershed ENVO:00000291 drainage basin An extent or area of land where surface water from rain and melting snow or ice converges to a single point at lower elevation, usually the exit of the basin, where the waters join another waterbody. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage_basin Basin NASA:earthrealm CATCHMENT USGS:SDTS Catchment NASA:earthrealm Watershed NASA:earthrealm catchment ADL:FTT catchment USGS:SDTS drainage basin Geonames:feature watershed ADL:FTT The separation between neighbouring drainage basins (catchments). In hilly country, the divide lies along topographical peaks and ridges, but in flat country or on a high plateau (especially where the ground is marshy) the divide may be invisible - just a more or less notional line on the ground on either side of which falling raindrops will start a journey to different rivers, and even to different sides of a country or continent. FTT:220 FTT:645 Geonames:T.DVD LTER:626 SWEETRealm:Watershed TGN:21440 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watershed divide water divide ENVO RIDGE LINE divide drainage basin ENVO:00000292 watershed The separation between neighbouring drainage basins (catchments). In hilly country, the divide lies along topographical peaks and ridges, but in flat country or on a high plateau (especially where the ground is marshy) the divide may be invisible - just a more or less notional line on the ground on either side of which falling raindrops will start a journey to different rivers, and even to different sides of a country or continent. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_divide divide Geonames:feature RIDGE LINE USGS:SDTS divide Getty:TGN drainage basin ADL:FTT A watershed such that water falling on one side of the line eventually travels to one ocean or body of water, and water on the other side travels to another, generally on the opposite side of the continent. FTT:533 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_divide ENVO ENVO:00000293 continental divide A watershed such that water falling on one side of the line eventually travels to one ocean or body of water, and water on the other side travels to another, generally on the opposite side of the continent. MA:ma A facility in which fish are raised commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food. FTT:123 FTT:694 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_farm ENVO aquacultural site fishery ENVO:00000294 fish farm A facility in which fish are raised commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_farm aquacultural site ADL:FTT fishery ADL:FTT A facility where eggs of fish are hatched under artificial conditions. FTT:695 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_hatchery ENVO ENVO:00000295 fish hatchery A facility where eggs of fish are hatched under artificial conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatchery A paddy field for the cultivation of rice. FTT:45 FTT:70 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice_field ENVO agricultural site cropland rice paddy ENVO:00000296 rice field A paddy field for the cultivation of rice. MA:ma agricultural site ADL:FTT cropland USGS:SDTS A flooded parcel of arable land used for growing rice and other semiaquatic crops. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddy_field ENVO ENVO:00000297 paddy field A flooded parcel of arable land used for growing rice and other semiaquatic crops. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice_paddy A large mass of detached land ice in the sea or stranded in shallow water. ice mass EcoLexicon:iceberg FTT:758 FTT:838 SWEETRealm:Iceberg TGN:21142 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceberg ICEBERG IceFloe Iceberg arched iceberg barrier iceberg floeberg glacial berg glacial iceberg iceberg envoPolar iceberg A large mass of detached land ice in the sea or stranded in shallow water. USGS:SDTS ice mass ADL:FTT ICEBERG USGS:SDTS IceFloe NASA:earthrealm Iceberg NASA:earthrealm arched iceberg USGS:SDTS barrier iceberg USGS:SDTS floeberg USGS:SDTS glacial berg USGS:SDTS glacial iceberg USGS:SDTS iceberg A large mass of detached land ice floating in the sea or stranded in shallow water. (Source: MGH) http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/4132 A field of ice, formed in regions of perennial frost. FTT:758 FTT:835 FTT:836 FTT:837 FTT:838 FTT:839 FTT:840 FTT:841 FTT:842 SWEETRealm:IceField TGN:21147 ice patch iceberg icefall IceSheet ice field ice sheet icecap envoPolar Ice mass may need to be resolved from ice field, the former referring simply to an accumulation of ice. ice field A field of ice, formed in regions of perennial frost. ADL:FTT ice patch ADL:FTT iceberg ADL:FTT icefall ADL:FTT IceSheet NASA:earthrealm ice field ADL:FTT ice sheet ADL:FTT icecap ADL:FTT Area covered with low-growing or stunted perennial vegetation and usually not mixed with trees. FTT:1191 FTT:262 FTT:374 FTT:473 FTT:792 FTT:991 Geonames:V.SCRB SWEETRealm:Scrub TGN:21644 TGN:21652 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrubland scrubland bush chaparal area heath scrub shrubland scrubland area Area covered with low-growing or stunted perennial vegetation and usually not mixed with trees. ADL:FTT scrubland Geonames:feature bush ADL:FTT bush Getty:TGN chaparal area ADL:FTT heath ADL:FTT scrub USGS:SDTS shrubland ADL:FTT shrubland USGS:SDTS A shrubland area found primarily in regions with a Mediterranean climate (mid, wet winters and hot dry summers) often shaped by wildfires. FTT:473 SPIRE:Chaparral chaparal area maquis woodland chaparral area A shrubland area found primarily in regions with a Mediterranean climate (mid, wet winters and hot dry summers) often shaped by wildfires. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaparral chaparal area ADL:FTT maquis USGS:SDTS woodland USGS:SDTS A valley created by the formation of a rift, i.e. place where a planet's lithosphere is being pulled apart by tectonic forces. FTT:684 SWEETRealm:RiftValley RiftValley rift zone rift valley A valley created by the formation of a rift, i.e. place where a planet's lithosphere is being pulled apart by tectonic forces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rift_valley RiftValley NASA:earthrealm rift zone ADL:FTT The general region of indefinite width that extends from the sea inland to the first major change in terrain features. EcoLexicon:coast EcoLexicon:sea_coast FTT:500 Geonames:L.CST SPIRE:Coastal SPIRE:Littoral SWEETRealm:CoastalRegion TGN:21483 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast ENVO coast line coastal area coastline ENVO:00000303 sea coast The general region of indefinite width that extends from the sea inland to the first major change in terrain features. USGS:SDTS coastal area USGS:SDTS coastline USGS:SDTS That part of the land in immediate contact with a body of water including the area between high and low water lines. coastal zone EcoLexicon:shore FTT:240 FTT:503 FTT:504 Geonames:T.SHOR SWEETRealm:Shore TGN:21481 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shore SHORE shore shoreface ENVO beach face foreshore inshore rivage seashore strand ENVO:00000304 shore That part of the land in immediate contact with a body of water including the area between high and low water lines. USGS:SDTS coastal zone ADL:FTT SHORE USGS:SDTS shore Geonames:feature shoreface USGS:SDTS beach face USGS:SDTS foreshore USGS:SDTS inshore USGS:SDTS rivage USGS:SDTS seashore USGS:SDTS strand USGS:SDTS A body of land jutting out into and nearly surrounded by water. EcoLexicon:peninsula FTT:253 FTT:422 FTT:423 FTT:424 FTT:425 Geonames:T.CAPE Geonames:T.HDLD Geonames:T.PEN Geonames:T.PROM Geonames:T.PT Geonames:T.PTS SWEETRealm:Point TGN:21462 TGN:21463 TGN:21464 TGN:21476 TGN:21477 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsula PENINSULA peninsula ENVO cape foreland head headland hook neck ness point point (physiographic) points promontgory promontory tongue winged headland ENVO:00000305 peninsula A body of land jutting out into and nearly surrounded by water. USGS:SDTS PENINSULA USGS:SDTS peninsula Geonames:feature cape ADL:FTT cape Geonames:feature cape Getty:TGN foreland USGS:SDTS head USGS:SDTS headland ADL:FTT headland Geonames:feature headland Getty:TGN headland USGS:SDTS hook USGS:SDTS neck USGS:SDTS point Geonames:feature point Getty:TGN point USGS:SDTS point (physiographic) ADL:FTT points Geonames:feature promontgory Geonames:feature promontory Getty:TGN promontory USGS:SDTS tongue USGS:SDTS winged headland USGS:SDTS A deposition landform found off coasts. A spit is a type of bar or beach that develops where a re-entrant occurs, such as at a cove, bay, ria, or river mouth. Spits are formed by the movement of sediment (typically sand) along a shore by a process known as longshore drift. Where the direction of the shore turns inland (reenters) the longshore current spreads out or dissipates. No longer able to carry the full load, much of the sediment is dropped. This causes a bar to build out from the shore, eventually becoming a spit. EcoLexicon:spit FTT:210 Geonames:T.SPIT SWEETRealm:Spit TGN:21465 ENVO bar spit ENVO:00000306 spit A deposition landform found off coasts. A spit is a type of bar or beach that develops where a re-entrant occurs, such as at a cove, bay, ria, or river mouth. Spits are formed by the movement of sediment (typically sand) along a shore by a process known as longshore drift. Where the direction of the shore turns inland (reenters) the longshore current spreads out or dissipates. No longer able to carry the full load, much of the sediment is dropped. This causes a bar to build out from the shore, eventually becoming a spit. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spit_%28landform%29 bar USGS:SDTS spit Geonames:feature A portion of a glacier characterized by rapid flow and a chaotic crevassed surface. ice mass FTT:758 FTT:842 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icefall ENVO ENVO:00000307 envoPolar icefall A portion of a glacier characterized by rapid flow and a chaotic crevassed surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icefall ice mass ADL:FTT A valley or trough between two dunes. FTT:652 Geonames:T.TRGD interdune trough ENVO ENVO:00000308 dune slack A valley or trough between two dunes. MA:ma interdune trough ADL:FTT interdune trough Geonames:feature A landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area. Clarify that this pertains to the planetary crust and create superclass for general topological depressions. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/486 EcoLexicon:depression FTT:175 FTT:215 FTT:216 Geonames:T.DPR Geonames:T.PAN Geonames:T.PANS SWEETRealm:Depression TGN:21454 TGN:21497 TGN:21521 barrier basin depression non tidal basin pan pan (geologic) pans tidal basin depression A landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_%28geology%29 barrier basin USGS:SDTS depression Geonames:feature non tidal basin USGS:SDTS pan Geonames:feature pan Getty:TGN pan (geologic) ADL:FTT pans Geonames:feature tidal basin USGS:SDTS A crater caused by the impact of a meteor. SWEETRealm:ImpactCrater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_crater meteorite crater meteorite impact crater meteoroid impact crater For the moment, no distinction is made between meteroids, lithometeors, or meteorites in this class. These can be added if needed. meteor impact crater A crater caused by the impact of a meteor. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_crater A fluvioglacial landform occurring as the result of blocks of ice calving from the front of a receding glacier and becoming partially to wholly buried by glacial outwash. Glacial outwash is generated when sediment laden streams of meltwater flow away from the glacier and are deposited to form broad outwash plains called sandurs. When the ice blocks melt, holes are left in the sandur. basin kettle hole ENVO ENVO:00000311 kettle A fluvioglacial landform occurring as the result of blocks of ice calving from the front of a receding glacier and becoming partially to wholly buried by glacial outwash. Glacial outwash is generated when sediment laden streams of meltwater flow away from the glacier and are deposited to form broad outwash plains called sandurs. When the ice blocks melt, holes are left in the sandur. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kettle_%28geology%29 basin USGS:SDTS The plain formed by the large amounts of silt and sediment, picked up as a glacier erodes the underlying rocks as it moves slowly downhill, and at the snout of the glacier, meltwater can carry this sediment away from the glacier and deposit it on a broad plain. The material in the outwash plain is often size-sorted by the water runoff of the melting glacier with the finest materials, like silt, being the most distantly re-deposited, whereas larger boulders are the closest to the original terminus of the glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandur ENVO outwash plain ENVO:00000312 sandur The plain formed by the large amounts of silt and sediment, picked up as a glacier erodes the underlying rocks as it moves slowly downhill, and at the snout of the glacier, meltwater can carry this sediment away from the glacier and deposit it on a broad plain. The material in the outwash plain is often size-sorted by the water runoff of the melting glacier with the finest materials, like silt, being the most distantly re-deposited, whereas larger boulders are the closest to the original terminus of the glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandur A sandy depression in a sand dune ecosystem (psammosere) caused by the removal of sediments by wind. EcoLexicon:blowout FTT:267 Geonames:T.BLOW TGN:21448 blowout ENVO ENVO:00000313 blowout A sandy depression in a sand dune ecosystem (psammosere) caused by the removal of sediments by wind. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blowout_%28geology%29 blowout Geonames:feature A fan-shaped deposit formed where a fast flowing stream flattens, slows, and spreads typically at the exit of a canyon onto a flatter plain. EcoLexicon:alluvial_fan FTT:94 FTT:95 Geonames:T.FAN SWEETRealm:AlluvialFan TGN:21421 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvial_fan fan (alluvial) fan alluvial fan A fan-shaped deposit formed where a fast flowing stream flattens, slows, and spreads typically at the exit of a canyon onto a flatter plain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvial_fan fan (alluvial) ADL:FTT fan Geonames:feature A convergence of neighboring alluvial fans into a single apron of deposits against a slope. FTT:188 FTT:191 SWEETRealm:Bajada https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajada ENVO desert ENVO:00000315 bajada A convergence of neighboring alluvial fans into a single apron of deposits against a slope. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvial_fan desert ADL:FTT The area of the foreshore and seabed that is exposed to the air at low tide and submerged at high tide, i.e., the area between tide marks. coastal zone EcoLexicon:intertidal_zone FTT:240 FTT:501 SPIRE:Intertidal SWEETRealm:IntertidalZone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertidal_zone IntertidalZone littoral zone Very similar to the "marine eulittoral zone" class, but without reference to seasonal tide marks. Some sources make no distinction between these zones, thus, they are currently related synonyms. intertidal zone The area of the foreshore and seabed that is exposed to the air at low tide and submerged at high tide, i.e., the area between tide marks. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertidal_zone IntertidalZone NASA:earthrealm Pools formed as a high tide comes in over a rocky shore. Water fills depressions in the ground, which turn into isolated pools as the tide retreats. EcoLexicon:tidal_pool https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_pool tidal pool Pools formed as a high tide comes in over a rocky shore. Water fills depressions in the ground, which turn into isolated pools as the tide retreats. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tide_pool The tide zone that is flooded during high tide only, and is a highly saline environment. upper littoral high tide zone The tide zone that is flooded during high tide only, and is a highly saline environment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertidal_zone The tidal zone that is mostly submerged, only being exposed at the point of low tide and for a longer period of time during extremely low tides. lower littoral low tide zone The tidal zone that is mostly submerged, only being exposed at the point of low tide and for a longer period of time during extremely low tides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertidal_zone A deep fissure in snow or ice. FTT:489 FTT:594 FTT:702 Geonames:T.FSR TGN:21415 TGN:21416 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crevasse CREVASSE ENVO cleft fissure ENVO:00000320 crevasse A deep fissure in snow or ice. USGS:SDTS CREVASSE USGS:SDTS cleft ADL:FTT cleft Getty:TGN fissure Getty:TGN A cavity developed along a joint and elongate in cross-section. ENVO ENVO:00000321 joint-plane cave A cavity developed along a joint and elongate in cross-section. wiki:http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html A cave formed in volcanic rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_cave ENVO lava cave ENVO:00000322 "Lave cave" is differentiated from "volcanic cave": the former is formed in volcanic rock, the latter is formed by volcanic processes. volcanic cave A cave formed in volcanic rock. web:http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html A cave containing a stream or active speleothems. ENVO ENVO:00000323 live cave A cave containing a stream or active speleothems. web:http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html A cave from which a stream flows or formerly did so and which cannot be followed upstream to the surface. ENVO ENVO:00000324 outflow cave A cave from which a stream flows or formerly did so and which cannot be followed upstream to the surface. web:http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html A large closed depression draining underground, witha flat floor across which there may be an intermittent or perennial stream and which may be liable to flood and become a lake. The floor makes a sharp break with parts of surrounding slopes. EcoLexicon:polje https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polje ENVO ENVO:00000325 polje A large closed depression draining underground, witha flat floor across which there may be an intermittent or perennial stream and which may be liable to flood and become a lake. The floor makes a sharp break with parts of surrounding slopes. web:http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html A cave in present-day or emerged sea cliffs, formed by wave attack or solution. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_cave ENVO ENVO:00000326 sea cave A cave in present-day or emerged sea cliffs, formed by wave attack or solution. web:http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html A secondary mineral deposit formed in caves, most commonly calcite. EcoLexicon:speleothem https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speleothem ENVO ENVO:00000327 speleothem A secondary mineral deposit formed in caves, most commonly calcite. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speleothem A zone beneath the land surface and above the level of permanent groundwater or phreatic zone in which water has a hydraulic head less than atmospheric pressure and is retained by a combination of adhesion and capillary action. unsaturated zone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ If the vadose zone envelops soil, the water contained therein is termed soil moisture. In fine grained soils, capillary action can cause the pores of the soil to be fully saturated above the water table at a pressure less than atmospheric. In such soils, therefore, the unsaturated zone is the upper section of the vadose zone and not identical to it. vadose zone A zone beneath the land surface and above the level of permanent groundwater or phreatic zone in which water has a hydraulic head less than atmospheric pressure and is retained by a combination of adhesion and capillary action. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadose_zone web:http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html unsaturated zone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadose_zone A zone beneath the land surface in which all interstices are filled with water. Water in the phreatic zone has a hydraulic head greater than atmospheric pressure due to the weight of overlying groundwater. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phreatic_zone ENVO zone of saturation ENVO:00000329 phreatic zone A zone beneath the land surface in which all interstices are filled with water. Water in the phreatic zone has a hydraulic head greater than atmospheric pressure due to the weight of overlying groundwater. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phreatic_zone web:http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html zone of saturation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phreatic_zone A speleothem projecting vertically upwards from a cave floor and formed by precipitation from drips. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalagmite ENVO ENVO:00000330 stalagmite A speleothem projecting vertically upwards from a cave floor and formed by precipitation from drips. web:http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html A speleothem hanging downwards from a roof or wall, of cylindrical or conical form, usually with a central hollow tube. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalactite ENVO ENVO:00000331 stalactite A speleothem hanging downwards from a roof or wall, of cylindrical or conical form, usually with a central hollow tube. web:http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html A closed depression draining underground in karst, of simple but variable form, e.g. cylindrical, conical, bowl- or dish-shaped. From a few to many hundreds of metres in dimensions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doline ENVO ENVO:00000332 doline A closed depression draining underground in karst, of simple but variable form, e.g. cylindrical, conical, bowl- or dish-shaped. From a few to many hundreds of metres in dimensions. web:http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html Karst developed in soluble beds underlying other rock formations; the surface may or may not be affected by the karst development. ENVO ENVO:00000333 subjacent karst Karst developed in soluble beds underlying other rock formations; the surface may or may not be affected by the karst development. web:http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html Karst developed in eolian calcarenite when the development of karst features has taken place at the same time as the lithification of dune sand. ENVO ENVO:00000334 syngenetic karst Karst developed in eolian calcarenite when the development of karst features has taken place at the same time as the lithification of dune sand. web:http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html Karst completely pitted by closed depressions so that divides between them form a crudely polygonal network. ENVO ENVO:00000335 polygonal karst Karst completely pitted by closed depressions so that divides between them form a crudely polygonal network. web:http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html Karst dominated by closed depressions, chiefly dolines, perforating a simple surface. ENVO ENVO:00000336 doline karst Karst dominated by closed depressions, chiefly dolines, perforating a simple surface. web:http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html FOODON:00001001 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_juice ENVO ENVO:00000337 Added for compatibility with GEMINA. obsolete orange juice true A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of vomit, a bodily fluid consisting of the expulsed contents of the stomach of an organism disgorged through the mouth or nose. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. vomit material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of vomit, a bodily fluid consisting of the expulsed contents of the stomach of an organism disgorged through the mouth or nose. ENVOC:nm GEMINA:ls https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vomit An abiotic mesoscopic feature made of the mineral material of the crust of the Earth. FTT:1010 FTT:145 Geonames:T.RK Geonames:T.RKS TGN:21444 piece of rock An abiotic mesoscopic feature made of the mineral material of the crust of the Earth. MA:ma ENVO ENVO:00000340 grain of sand A piece of rock that is two millimeters (2mm) in its largest dimension (about 1/12 of an inch) and no more than 75 millimeters (about 3 inches). ENVO ENVO:00000341 piece of gravel A piece of rock that is two millimeters (2mm) in its largest dimension (about 1/12 of an inch) and no more than 75 millimeters (about 3 inches). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravel A comparatively elevated area on an icecap. ice mass FTT:758 FTT:840 Geonames:H.DOMG TGN:21144 icecap dome icecap dome ENVO ENVO:00000342 envoPolar ice cap dome A comparatively elevated area on an icecap. Geonames:feature ice mass ADL:FTT icecap dome Geonames:feature icecap dome ADL:FTT ENVO ENVO:00000343 particle of silt ENVO ENVO:00000344 grain of desert sand ENVO ENVO:00000345 grain of beach sand ENVO ENVO:00000346 grain of acid dune sand ENVO ENVO:00000347 grain of sea sand ENVO ENVO:00000348 grain of rocky sand A terrarium is a vivarium which simulates a terrestrial environment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrarium ENVO ENVO:00000349 terrarium A terrarium is a vivarium which simulates a terrestrial environment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivarium A volcanic caldera that has been partially filled by a new central cone. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somma_volcano ENVO ENVO:00000350 This may be more a subclass of 'caldera' somma volcano A volcanic caldera that has been partially filled by a new central cone. wiki:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somma A chain of volcanic islands or mountains formed by plate tectonics as an oceanic tectonic plate subducts under another tectonic plate and produces magma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_arc ENVO ENVO:00000351 volcanic arc A chain of volcanic islands or mountains formed by plate tectonics as an oceanic tectonic plate subducts under another tectonic plate and produces magma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_arc A volcanic arc formed by the subduction of oceanic crust below continental crust. ENVO ENVO:00000352 continental arc A volcanic arc formed by the subduction of oceanic crust below continental crust. wiki:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_arc A volcanic arc formed by the subduction of oceanic crust other oceanic crust on an adjacent tectonic plate. EcoLexicon:island_arc SWEETRealm:IslandArc https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_arc ENVO ENVO:00000353 island arc A volcanic arc formed by the subduction of oceanic crust other oceanic crust on an adjacent tectonic plate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_arc A region of the earth's crust that is prone to localized volcanic activity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_field ENVO volcanic complex volcanic group volcanic system ENVO:00000354 volcanic field A region of the earth's crust that is prone to localized volcanic activity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_field A volcanic field of small, scattered volcanic vents. These volcanic fields, containing numerous monogenetic volcanoes, are noted for having only one short eruptive event. Monogenetic fields occur only where the magma supply to the volcano is low or where vents are not close enough or large enough to develop plumbing systems for continuous feeding of magma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monogenetic_volcanic_field ENVO ENVO:00000355 monogenetic volcanic field A volcanic field of small, scattered volcanic vents. These volcanic fields, containing numerous monogenetic volcanoes, are noted for having only one short eruptive event. Monogenetic fields occur only where the magma supply to the volcano is low or where vents are not close enough or large enough to develop plumbing systems for continuous feeding of magma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monogenetic_volcanic_field A cone made of material ejected from a volcano. The material can range from finest particles. In comparison, cinder cones are more uniform. They are usually found in or on larger features, such as stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes and can be found inside calderas, however they can also be an independent feature. They can range from a few metres in height and are usually formed by a single eruption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyroclastic_cone pyroclastic dome ENVO ENVO:00000356 pyroclastic cone A cone made of material ejected from a volcano. The material can range from finest particles. In comparison, cinder cones are more uniform. They are usually found in or on larger features, such as stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes and can be found inside calderas, however they can also be an independent feature. They can range from a few metres in height and are usually formed by a single eruption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyroclastic_cone A device for raising and lowering boats between stretches of water of different levels on river and canal waterways. The distinguishing feature of a lock is a fixed chamber whose water level can be varied. EcoLexicon:lock ENVO ENVO:00000357 lock A device for raising and lowering boats between stretches of water of different levels on river and canal waterways. The distinguishing feature of a lock is a fixed chamber whose water level can be varied. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lock_%28water_transport%29 An area of land or of a body of water in which management practices, through legal or other effective means, prioritise the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, and of natural and associated cultural resources. protected area This class needs revision. Protected areas may be designated for multiple uses, and more clarity is needed. Further, biodiversity may not prioritise biodiversity conservation. At a very general level, "protection" suggests that some forms of use are, in principle, excluded. area of protected biodiversity An area of land or of a body of water in which management practices, through legal or other effective means, prioritise the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, and of natural and associated cultural resources. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected_area A natural/cultural feature of outstanding or unique value because of its inherent rarity, representative of aesthetic qualities or cultural significance. natural monument A natural/cultural feature of outstanding or unique value because of its inherent rarity, representative of aesthetic qualities or cultural significance. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_Monument A protected forest or woodland area in the United States. National forests are controlled by the federal government and managed by the United States Forest Service, under the direction of the United States Department of Agriculture. national forest A protected forest or woodland area in the United States. National forests are controlled by the federal government and managed by the United States Forest Service, under the direction of the United States Department of Agriculture. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Forest A conservation designation denoting a protected area in the United Kingdom. SSSIs are the basic 'building block' of nature conservation legislation and most other legal nature/geological conservation designations are based upon them, including National Nature Reserves, Ramsar Sites, Special Protection Areas, and Special Areas of Conservation. Area of Special Scientific Interest SSSI site of special scientific interest A conservation designation denoting a protected area in the United Kingdom. SSSIs are the basic 'building block' of nature conservation legislation and most other legal nature/geological conservation designations are based upon them, including National Nature Reserves, Ramsar Sites, Special Protection Areas, and Special Areas of Conservation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSSI A protected area of the sea usually established to preserve a specific habitat and ensure the ecosystem is sustained for the organisms that exist there. Most marine parks are designated by governments, and organized like watery national parks. marine park A protected area of the sea usually established to preserve a specific habitat and ensure the ecosystem is sustained for the organisms that exist there. Most marine parks are designated by governments, and organized like watery national parks. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_park A protected area of importance for wildlife, flora, fauna or features of geological or other special interest, which is reserved and managed for conservation and to provide special opportunities for study or research. Nature reserves may be designated by government institutions in some countries, such as the United Kingdom, or by private landowners, such as charities and research institutions, regardless of nationality. natural preserve natural reserve nature preserve nature reserve A protected area of importance for wildlife, flora, fauna or features of geological or other special interest, which is reserved and managed for conservation and to provide special opportunities for study or research. Nature reserves may be designated by government institutions in some countries, such as the United Kingdom, or by private landowners, such as charities and research institutions, regardless of nationality. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_reserve A designation for certain protected areas of the United States managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The National Wildlife Refuge system is a network of lands and waters managed to protect wildlife and wildlife habitat. national wildlife refuge A designation for certain protected areas of the United States managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The National Wildlife Refuge system is a network of lands and waters managed to protect wildlife and wildlife habitat. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Wildlife_Refuge A wetland protected by the terms of the Ramsar Convention (The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, especially as Waterfowl Habitat). Ramsar site A wetland protected by the terms of the Ramsar Convention (The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, especially as Waterfowl Habitat). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention A United Kingdom government conservation designation for a nature reserve of national significance for biological or earth science interest. national nature reserve A United Kingdom government conservation designation for a nature reserve of national significance for biological or earth science interest. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Nature_Reserve An IUCN protected area which 1) primarily consists of ecosystems which are able to maintain their natural composition, structure, and function at a regional scale and which are deemed to be representative of a region's natural bio- and geodiversity, 2) is sufficiently large to allow its constituent ecosystems to function, develop, and recover from natural perturbations without human intervention, and 3) is managed to preserve natural ecosystem integrity and functioning at a regional scale, while allowing human access for the purposes of conservation, cultural and spiritural activities, research, education, tourism, subsistence use by indigenous communities, and recreation. IUCN-PACS:II national park Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. These areas often serve as migration corridors between other natural and semi-natural ecosystems and pools of biodiversity. They may have core zones that are similar to IUCN Protected Area classes Ia and Ib. IUCN national park An IUCN protected area which 1) primarily consists of ecosystems which are able to maintain their natural composition, structure, and function at a regional scale and which are deemed to be representative of a region's natural bio- and geodiversity, 2) is sufficiently large to allow its constituent ecosystems to function, develop, and recover from natural perturbations without human intervention, and 3) is managed to preserve natural ecosystem integrity and functioning at a regional scale, while allowing human access for the purposes of conservation, cultural and spiritural activities, research, education, tourism, subsistence use by indigenous communities, and recreation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_park https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ii-national-park IUCN-PACS:II https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ii-national-park national park https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ii-national-park Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. These areas often serve as migration corridors between other natural and semi-natural ecosystems and pools of biodiversity. They may have core zones that are similar to IUCN Protected Area classes Ia and Ib. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ii-national-park An island, usually the consequence of the activity of a submarine volcano, that only exists for a short period or short periods of time after its formation, then being eroded or otherwise disappearing beneath the surface of a body of water. ENVO ENVO:00000368 ephemeral island An island, usually the consequence of the activity of a submarine volcano, that only exists for a short period or short periods of time after its formation, then being eroded or otherwise disappearing beneath the surface of a body of water. MA:ma MERGED DEFINITION: TARGET DEFINITION: A large area of brine on the ocean basin near cold seep vents which release methane into the water. These pools are concentrations of water having an extremely high salinity as compared to the surrounding ocean, caused by the motion of large salt deposits through salt tectonics. -------------------- SOURCE DEFINITION: Marine brine pools are large areas of brine on the ocean basin. These pools are bodies of water that have a salinity three to five times greater than the surrounding ocean. For deep-sea brine pools the source of the salt is the dissolution of large salt deposits through salt tectonics. The brine often contains high concentrations of methane, providing energy to chemosynthetic animals that live near the pool. ENVO:01000060 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine_pool marine brine pool ENVO ENVO:00000369 envoPolar brine pool MERGED DEFINITION: TARGET DEFINITION: A large area of brine on the ocean basin near cold seep vents which release methane into the water. These pools are concentrations of water having an extremely high salinity as compared to the surrounding ocean, caused by the motion of large salt deposits through salt tectonics. -------------------- SOURCE DEFINITION: Marine brine pools are large areas of brine on the ocean basin. These pools are bodies of water that have a salinity three to five times greater than the surrounding ocean. For deep-sea brine pools the source of the salt is the dissolution of large salt deposits through salt tectonics. The brine often contains high concentrations of methane, providing energy to chemosynthetic animals that live near the pool. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine_pool A distinctive, flat-topped, steep-sided volcano formed when lava erupts through a thick glacier or ice sheet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuya ENVO ENVO:00000370 tuya A distinctive, flat-topped, steep-sided volcano formed when lava erupts through a thick glacier or ice sheet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuya A volcano with more than one feature. They form because changes of their eruptive characteristics or the location of multiple vents in an area. Stratovolcanoes may form complex volcanoes, because they may overlap another from explosive eruptions, lava flows, pyroclastic flows and by repeated eruptions, to make multiple summits and vents. Stratovolcanoes could also form a large caldera that gets filled in by multiple small cinder cones, lava domes and craters may also develop on the caldera's rim. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_volcano compound volcano complex volcano A volcano with more than one feature. They form because changes of their eruptive characteristics or the location of multiple vents in an area. Stratovolcanoes may form complex volcanoes, because they may overlap another from explosive eruptions, lava flows, pyroclastic flows and by repeated eruptions, to make multiple summits and vents. Stratovolcanoes could also form a large caldera that gets filled in by multiple small cinder cones, lava domes and craters may also develop on the caldera's rim. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_volcano A shield volcano that is formed mostly of pyroclastic and highly explosive eruptions rather than relatively fluid basaltic lava issuing from vents or fissures on the surface of the volcano. They typically display low-angle flank slopes and have little or no central collapse, although a shallow sag in the shield is commonly observed. Lava is commonly extruded after the cessation of explosive activity commonly superposes the vent region. ignimbrite shield volcano terrestrial ignimbrite shield ENVO ENVO:00000372 pyroclastic shield volcano A shield volcano that is formed mostly of pyroclastic and highly explosive eruptions rather than relatively fluid basaltic lava issuing from vents or fissures on the surface of the volcano. They typically display low-angle flank slopes and have little or no central collapse, although a shallow sag in the shield is commonly observed. Lava is commonly extruded after the cessation of explosive activity commonly superposes the vent region. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyroclastic_shield An area where wells can be drilled to obtain elements contained in solution in hot brines or to tap heat energy. ENVO ENVO:00000373 geothermal field An area where wells can be drilled to obtain elements contained in solution in hot brines or to tap heat energy. wiki:http://www.webref.org/geology/g/geothermal_field.htm A protected area with the purpose of protecting and managing wild life. wildlife management area A protected area with the purpose of protecting and managing wild life. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_management_area A protected area that is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. world heritage site A protected area that is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_heritage_site An international conservation designation given by UNESCO under its Programme on Man and the Biosphere (MAB). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere_reserve biosphere reserve An international conservation designation given by UNESCO under its Programme on Man and the Biosphere (MAB). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere_reserve A lake purposefully constructed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_lake artificial lake A lake purposefully constructed. MA:ma A reservoir constructed for the purpose of maintaining water levels in a canal or canals. ENVO ENVO:00000378 canal head reservoir A reservoir constructed for the purpose of maintaining water levels in a canal or canals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir A thick, floating platform of ice that forms where a glacier or ice mass flows down to a coastline and onto the ocean surface. SWEETRealm:IceShelf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_shelf envoPolar ice shelf A thick, floating platform of ice that forms where a glacier or ice mass flows down to a coastline and onto the ocean surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_shelf A section of the Earths's crust that is demarcated by faults or flexures. In the movement of the crust, a massif tends to retain its internal structure while being displaced as a whole. EcoLexicon:massif FTT:946 TGN:21435 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massif ENVO ENVO:00000381 massif A section of the Earths's crust that is demarcated by faults or flexures. In the movement of the crust, a massif tends to retain its internal structure while being displaced as a whole. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massif That part of the land in immediate contact with a lake. TGN:21484 ENVO lakeshore ENVO:00000382 lake shore That part of the land in immediate contact with a lake. MA:ma lakeshore Getty:TGN The channel bottom of a stream; the physical confine of the normal water flow. FTT:651 Geonames:H.STMB TGN:21165 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_bed stream bed stream bottom dry stream bed stream channel stream bed The channel bottom of a stream; the physical confine of the normal water flow. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_bed stream bed Geonames:feature dry stream bed ADL:FTT stream channel Getty:TGN stream channel USGS:SDTS The channel bottom of a river; the physical confine of the normal water flow. watercourse EcoLexicon:river_bed_structure SWEETRealm:RiverBed TGN:21154 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_bed river bottom ENVO ENVO:00000384 river bed The channel bottom of a river; the physical confine of the normal water flow. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_bed watercourse USGS:SDTS The place where a stream discharges into a lagoon, lake, or the sea. stream FTT:105 FTT:1222 Geonames:H.STMM stream mouth stream mouth The place where a stream discharges into a lagoon, lake, or the sea. Geonames:feature stream ADL:FTT stream mouth Geonames:feature The end of a stream where it enters a standing water body such as a lake, sea or ocean. TGN:21156 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_mouth river mouth The end of a stream where it enters a standing water body such as a lake, sea or ocean. MA:ma A depression which intermittently contains a lake. lake FTT:221 FTT:875 Geonames:H.LKI Geonames:H.LKSI TGN:21118 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermittent_lake intermittent lake intermittent lakes This has been moved from the lake hierarchy. container of an intermittent lake A depression which intermittently contains a lake. MA:ma http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 lake ADL:FTT intermittent lake Geonames:feature intermittent lakes Geonames:feature A watercourse whose flow is not continuous. TGN:21111 ENVO ENVO:00000388 obsolete intermittent watercourse true A watercourse whose flow is not continuous. MA:ma An area that is sometimes inundated or saturated by surface or ground water sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. In a strict sense, this class cannot always satisfy the subclass axiom of wetland, requiring soil to always have a wet quality. Perhaps this should be treated more like channel of an intermittent stream. FTT:85 FTT:883 Geonames:H.WTLDI TGN:21306 intermittent wetland intermittent wetland An area that is sometimes inundated or saturated by surface or ground water sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. MA:ma intermittent wetland Geonames:feature FTT:1177 Geonames:T.SPUR TGN:21366 ENVO spur spurs (physiographic ENVO:00000390 mountain spur spur Geonames:feature spurs (physiographic ADL:FTT An isthmus or other land connection between what at other times are separate land masses which allows animals and plants to cross and colonise new lands. Land bridges are commonly created by regression, in which sea levels fall exposing previously submerged sections of continental shelf. Land bridges are also formed by: (a) upthrust at the edge of continental plates; and (b) glacial retreat alleviating pressure on shallow marine formations. TGN:21478 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_bridge ENVO ENVO:00000391 land bridge An isthmus or other land connection between what at other times are separate land masses which allows animals and plants to cross and colonise new lands. Land bridges are commonly created by regression, in which sea levels fall exposing previously submerged sections of continental shelf. Land bridges are also formed by: (a) upthrust at the edge of continental plates; and (b) glacial retreat alleviating pressure on shallow marine formations. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_bridge A long and narrow sheet of ice projecting out from the coastline. An ice tongue forms when a valley glacier moves very rapidly out into the ocean or a lake. TGN:21143 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_tongue glacier tongue glacial tongue envoPolar ice tongue A long and narrow sheet of ice projecting out from the coastline. An ice tongue forms when a valley glacier moves very rapidly out into the ocean or a lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_tongue glacial tongue USGS:SDTS A large sea or ocean inlet larger than a bay, deeper than a bight, wider than a fjord, or it may identify a narrow sea or ocean channel between two bodies of land. EcoLexicon:sound FTT:233 FTT:469 Geonames:H.SD SWEETRealm:Sound TGN:21129 envoPolar sound A large sea or ocean inlet larger than a bay, deeper than a bight, wider than a fjord, or it may identify a narrow sea or ocean channel between two bodies of land. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_%28geography%29 A narrow channel of water that connects two larger bodies of water, and thus lies between two land masses. channel watercourse EcoLexicon:strait FTT:233 FTT:470 Geonames:H.STRT SWEETRealm:Strait TGN:21132 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait strait ENVO ENVO:00000394 strait A narrow channel of water that connects two larger bodies of water, and thus lies between two land masses. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait channel ADL:FTT watercourse USGS:SDTS strait Geonames:feature The physical confine of a river, slough or ocean strait consisting of a bed and banks. We need a more general channel definition, the current is only for water course channels. We need to refactor the semantics of channels, tunnels and conduits, in a similar way to uberon anatomical channels http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004111. See https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/147 EcoLexicon:channel EcoLexicon:sea_channel FTT:1192 FTT:233 FTT:461 FTT:462 FTT:463 FTT:464 FTT:465 FTT:466 FTT:468 FTT:469 FTT:470 Geonames:H.CHN Geonames:U.SCNU Geonames:U.SCSU SWEETRealm:Channel TGN:21137 TGN:23451 ENVO ENVO:00000395 channel of a watercourse The physical confine of a river, slough or ocean strait consisting of a bed and banks. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_%28geography%29 FTT:233 FTT:465 Geonames:H.CHNM TGN:21186 ENVO ENVO:00000396 envoPolar marine channel FTT:233 FTT:464 Geonames:H.CHNL TGN:21185 ENVO ENVO:00000397 envoPolar lake channel Built by fragments (called ejecta) thrown up (ejected) from a volcanic vent, piling up around the vent in the shape of a cone with a central crater. cone FTT:530 Geonames:T.CONE SWEETRealm:VolcanicCone TGN:21418 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_cone lava cone ENVO cone (geological) ENVO:00000398 volcanic cone Built by fragments (called ejecta) thrown up (ejected) from a volcanic vent, piling up around the vent in the shape of a cone with a central crater. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_cone cone Geonames:feature cone Getty:TGN lava cone USGS:SDTS cone (geological) ADL:FTT A cone that is composed of particles of silt to sand size. Explosive eruptions from a vent where the magma is interacting with groundwater or the sea (as in an eruption off the coast) produce steam and are called phreatic. The interaction between the magma, expanding steam, and volcanic gases results in the ejection of mostly small particles called ash. Fallen ash has the consistency of flour. The unconsolidated ash forms an ash cone which becomes a tuff cone or tuff ring once the ash consolidates. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ash_cone ENVO ENVO:00000399 ash cone A cone that is composed of particles of silt to sand size. Explosive eruptions from a vent where the magma is interacting with groundwater or the sea (as in an eruption off the coast) produce steam and are called phreatic. The interaction between the magma, expanding steam, and volcanic gases results in the ejection of mostly small particles called ash. Fallen ash has the consistency of flour. The unconsolidated ash forms an ash cone which becomes a tuff cone or tuff ring once the ash consolidates. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_cone A cone built almost entirely of loose volcanic fragments called cinders (pumice, pyroclastics, or tephra). They are built from particles and blobs of congealed lava ejected from a single vent. As the gas-charged lava is blown violently into the air, it breaks into small fragments that solidify and fall as cinders around the vent to form a circular or oval cone. Most cinder cones have a bowl-shaped crater at the summit. SWEETRealm:CinderCone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinder_cone ENVO mount ENVO:00000400 cinder cone A cone built almost entirely of loose volcanic fragments called cinders (pumice, pyroclastics, or tephra). They are built from particles and blobs of congealed lava ejected from a single vent. As the gas-charged lava is blown violently into the air, it breaks into small fragments that solidify and fall as cinders around the vent to form a circular or oval cone. Most cinder cones have a bowl-shaped crater at the summit. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_cone mount USGS:SDTS A volcanic cone formed of molten lava ejected from a vent somewhat like taffy. Expanding gases in the lava fountains tear the liquid rock into irregular gobs that fall back to earth, forming a heap around the vent. The still partly liquid rock splashed down and over the sides of the developing mound is called spatter. Because spatter is not fully solid when it lands, the individual deposits are very irregular in shape and weld together as they cool, and in this way particularly differ from cinder and ash. SWEETRealm:SpatterCone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatter_cone ENVO ENVO:00000401 spatter cone A volcanic cone formed of molten lava ejected from a vent somewhat like taffy. Expanding gases in the lava fountains tear the liquid rock into irregular gobs that fall back to earth, forming a heap around the vent. The still partly liquid rock splashed down and over the sides of the developing mound is called spatter. Because spatter is not fully solid when it lands, the individual deposits are very irregular in shape and weld together as they cool, and in this way particularly differ from cinder and ash. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_cone A volcano created by geologically excreted liquids and gases, although there are several different processes which may cause such activity. Temperatures are much cooler than igneous processes. EcoLexicon:mud_volcano https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud_volcano mud volcano A volcano created by geologically excreted liquids and gases, although there are several different processes which may cause such activity. Temperatures are much cooler than igneous processes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud_volcano A large volcano with shallowly-sloping sides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shield_volcano mount shield volcano A large volcano with shallowly-sloping sides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shield_volcano mount USGS:SDTS A tall, conical volcano composed of many layers of hardened lava, tephra, and volcanic ash. These volcanoes are characterized by a steep profile and periodic, explosive eruptions. The lava that flows from them is viscous, and cools and hardens before spreading very far. The source magma of this rock is classified as acidic, or high in silica to intermediate (rhyolite, dacite, or andesite). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovolcano ENVO composite volcano ENVO:00000404 stratovolcano A tall, conical volcano composed of many layers of hardened lava, tephra, and volcanic ash. These volcanoes are characterized by a steep profile and periodic, explosive eruptions. The lava that flows from them is viscous, and cools and hardens before spreading very far. The source magma of this rock is classified as acidic, or high in silica to intermediate (rhyolite, dacite, or andesite). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovolcano An underwater fissures in the earth's surface from which magma can erupt. ENVO:00000264 ENVO ENVO:00000405 obsolete submarine volcano true An underwater fissures in the earth's surface from which magma can erupt. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_volcano An underwater mountain range, formed by plate tectonics. This uplifting of the ocean floor occurs when convection currents rise in the mantle beneath the oceanic crust and create magma where two tectonic plates meet at a divergent boundary. The mid-ocean ridges of the world are connected and form a single global mid-oceanic ridge system that is part of every ocean. EcoLexicon:oceanic_ridge TGN:23151 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-ocean_ridge OceanRidge mid-ocean ridge An underwater mountain range, formed by plate tectonics. This uplifting of the ocean floor occurs when convection currents rise in the mantle beneath the oceanic crust and create magma where two tectonic plates meet at a divergent boundary. The mid-ocean ridges of the world are connected and form a single global mid-oceanic ridge system that is part of every ocean. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-ocean_ridge OceanRidge NASA:earthrealm A volcano produced by subglacial eruptions or eruptions beneath the surface of a lake melted into a glacier or ice mass by the rising lava. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subglacial_volcano ENVO tuya ENVO:00000407 Something more specific than an adjacent_to relation would be better, especially considering the volcano in question may have melted nearby glacial mass. subglacial volcano A volcano produced by subglacial eruptions or eruptions beneath the surface of a lake melted into a glacier or ice mass by the rising lava. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subglacial_volcano A linear volcanic vent through which lava erupts, usually without any explosive activity. The vent is usually a few meters wide and may be many kilometers long. Fissure vents can cause large flood basalts and hannels. The volcano can usually be seen as a crack in the ground or on the ocean floor. Narrow fissures can be filled in with lava that hardens. FTT:702 SWEETRealm:Fissure https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_fissure ENVO fissure fissure vent ENVO:00000408 volcanic fissure A linear volcanic vent through which lava erupts, usually without any explosive activity. The vent is usually a few meters wide and may be many kilometers long. Fissure vents can cause large flood basalts and hannels. The volcano can usually be seen as a crack in the ground or on the ocean floor. Narrow fissures can be filled in with lava that hardens. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fissure_vent A large, swirling body of water produced by ocean tides. hydrographic feature FTT:131 FTT:829 TGN:21183 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlpool WHRL whirlpool A large, swirling body of water produced by ocean tides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlpool hydrographic feature ADL:FTT WHRL Geonames:feature An elevated area such as a hill, ridge or old lava dome inside or downslope from an area of active volcanism. New lava flows will cover the surrounding land, isolating the kipuka so that it appears as a (usually) forested island in a barren lava flow. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipuka ENVO ENVO:00000410 kipuka An elevated area such as a hill, ridge or old lava dome inside or downslope from an area of active volcanism. New lava flows will cover the surrounding land, isolating the kipuka so that it appears as a (usually) forested island in a barren lava flow. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava#K.C4.ABpukas The shallow part of a stream which can be easily crossed. transportation feature EcoLexicon:ford FTT:714 FTT:83 Geonames:T.FORD TGN:21170 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford FORD ford ford (crossing) ENVO ENVO:00000411 ford The shallow part of a stream which can be easily crossed. USGS:SDTS transportation feature ADL:FTT FORD Geonames:feature ford USGS:SDTS ford (crossing) ADL:FTT A watercourse which has the intensity and direction of its flow primarily determined by the tides. TGN:21130 tidal watercourse A mound of earth-covered ice found in the Arctic, subarctic, and Antarctica that can reach up to 70 metres in height and up to 2 kilometres in diameter. mount https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingo hydrolaccolith pingos bugor bulginniakh envoPolar Pingos may occur in cold-climate wetland areas, but are not necessarily wetlands themselves. pingo A mound of earth-covered ice found in the Arctic, subarctic, and Antarctica that can reach up to 70 metres in height and up to 2 kilometres in diameter. DOI:10.1016/0033-5894(76)90039-9 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingo mount USGS:SDTS hydrolaccolith https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingo pingos A natural formation where a rock arch forms, with a natural passageway through underneath. FTT:142 FTT:143 FTT:144 TGN:21445 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_arch arches (natural formation) natural bridge ENVO sea arch ENVO:00000414 natural arch A natural formation where a rock arch forms, with a natural passageway through underneath. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_arch arches (natural formation) ADL:FTT natural bridge ADL:FTT sea arch ADL:FTT A beach or wave cut platform raised above the shore line by a relative fall in the sea level. EcoLexicon:raised_beach https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raised_beach ENVO terrace ENVO:00000415 raised beach A beach or wave cut platform raised above the shore line by a relative fall in the sea level. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raised_beach terrace USGS:SDTS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_dune ENVO ENVO:00000416 coastal dune A fertile low-lying raised beach found on the some of the coastlines of Ireland and Scotland, in particular in the Outer Hebrides. ENVO ENVO:00000417 machair A fertile low-lying raised beach found on the some of the coastlines of Ireland and Scotland, in particular in the Outer Hebrides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machair_%28geography%29 A submergent coastal landform that forms where sea levels rise relative to the land either as a result of eustatic sea level change; where the global sea levels rise or isostatic sea level change; where the land sinks. When this happens valleys which were previously at sea level become submerged. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ria ENVO drowned river valley drowned valley valley ENVO:00000418 ria A submergent coastal landform that forms where sea levels rise relative to the land either as a result of eustatic sea level change; where the global sea levels rise or isostatic sea level change; where the land sinks. When this happens valleys which were previously at sea level become submerged. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ria valley USGS:SDTS A geological landform consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coast. island EcoLexicon:stack ENVO ENVO:00000419 stack A geological landform consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coast. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_%28geology%29 island USGS:SDTS A deposition landform such as a spit or bar which forms a narrow piece of land between an island or offshore rock and a mainland shore, or between two islands or offshore rocks. They usually form because the island causes wave refraction, depositing sand and shingle moved by longshore drift in each direction around the island where the waves meet. Eustatic sea level rise may also contribute to accretion as material is pushed up with rising sea levels. EcoLexicon:tombolo SWEETRealm:Tombolo https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tombolo ENVO bar island ENVO:00000420 tombolo A deposition landform such as a spit or bar which forms a narrow piece of land between an island or offshore rock and a mainland shore, or between two islands or offshore rocks. They usually form because the island causes wave refraction, depositing sand and shingle moved by longshore drift in each direction around the island where the waves meet. Eustatic sea level rise may also contribute to accretion as material is pushed up with rising sea levels. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tombolo bar USGS:SDTS island USGS:SDTS The narrow flat area often seen at the base of a sea cliff caused by the action of the waves. SWEETRealm:WaveCutPlatform https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave-cut_platform ENVO marine terrace ENVO:00000421 wave-cut platform The narrow flat area often seen at the base of a sea cliff caused by the action of the waves. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_cut_platform A natural karst landform consisting of a flat, incised surface of exposed limestone that resembles artificial pavement. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limestone_pavement ENVO ENVO:00000422 limestone pavement A natural karst landform consisting of a flat, incised surface of exposed limestone that resembles artificial pavement. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limestone_pavement An island that lies in a river. EcoLexicon:fluvial_island TGN:21428 ENVO ait eyot fluvial island ENVO:00000423 river island An island that lies in a river. MA:ma fluvial island Getty:TGN An island that lies in a lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_island ENVO ENVO:00000424 lake island An island that lies in a lake. MA:ma The solid surface that underlies an ocean. FTT:1020 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_floor ocean bed ocean floor feature ocean floor The solid surface that underlies an ocean. MA:ma ocean floor feature ADL:FTT A bend in a stream. A stream flowing through a wide valley or flat plain will tend to form a meanders as it alternatively erodes and deposits sediments along its course. watercourse EcoLexicon:meander FTT:105 FTT:948 SWEETRealm:Meandering TGN:21153 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meander stream ENVO oxbow loop ENVO:00000427 meander A bend in a stream. A stream flowing through a wide valley or flat plain will tend to form a meanders as it alternatively erodes and deposits sediments along its course. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meander watercourse USGS:SDTS stream ADL:FTT 2 A biome is an ecosystem to which resident ecological communities have evolved adaptations. EcoLexicon:biome LTER:173 major habitat type EcosytemType There has been some concern raised (see Issue #143) about the usefulness of the assertion that organisms have evolved within a given biome. They may have evolved adaptations elsewhere and demonstrating one or the other is often not feasible. Consider relabelling to "environmental system determined by an ecological community" or similar. A biome is an ecosystem to which resident ecological communities have evolved adaptations. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biome major habitat type WWF:Biome EcosytemType NASA:earthrealm A thin, almost knife-like, ridge of rock which is typically formed when two glaciers erode parallel U-shaped valleys. The arte is a thin ridge of rock that is left separating the two valleys. Artes can also form when two glacial cirques erode towards one another, although frequently this results in a saddle-shaped pass, called a col. FTT:154 ENVO ridge ENVO:00000429 arete A thin, almost knife-like, ridge of rock which is typically formed when two glaciers erode parallel U-shaped valleys. The arte is a thin ridge of rock that is left separating the two valleys. Artes can also form when two glacial cirques erode towards one another, although frequently this results in a saddle-shaped pass, called a col. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arete_%28landform%29 ridge ADL:FTT ridge USGS:SDTS A feature of a glacier, in which dirt, which has fallen into a hollow in the ice, forms a coating which insulates the ice below. The surrounding ice melts away, leaving the dirt cone. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirt_cone envoPolar dirt cone A feature of a glacier, in which dirt, which has fallen into a hollow in the ice, forms a coating which insulates the ice below. The surrounding ice melts away, leaving the dirt cone. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirt_cone A cluster of dozens to hundreds of similarly shaped, sized and oriented drumlins. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drumlin_field ENVO drumlin swarm ENVO:00000431 drumlin field A cluster of dozens to hundreds of similarly shaped, sized and oriented drumlins. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drumlin_field An isolated hill, knob, ridge, or small mountain that rises abruptly from a gently sloping or virtually level surrounding plain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monadnock ENVO inselberg kopje mount ENVO:00000432 monadnock An isolated hill, knob, ridge, or small mountain that rises abruptly from a gently sloping or virtually level surrounding plain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inselberg mount USGS:SDTS A terrace associated with a kame. ENVO ENVO:00000433 kame terrace A terrace associated with a kame. MA:ma A fan-shaped body of sediments deposited by braided streams from a melting glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outwash_fan ENVO ENVO:00000434 outwash fan A fan-shaped body of sediments deposited by braided streams from a melting glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outwash_fan A lake formed either by the damming action of a moraine or ice dam during the retreat of a melting glacier, or one formed by meltwater trapped against an ice mass due to isostatic depression of the crust around the ice. lake https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proglacial_lake ENVO ENVO:00000435 envoPolar proglacial lake A lake formed either by the damming action of a moraine or ice dam during the retreat of a melting glacier, or one formed by meltwater trapped against an ice mass due to isostatic depression of the crust around the ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proglacial_lake lake USGS:SDTS A deep but narrow valley with a 'U' shaped cross-section and frequently a 'U' shaped plan which is usually found filled with glacial till. It is formed when the edge of an ice mass advances up a slope. Its length may be appropriately measured in centimetres or kilometres, depending on the circumstances of formation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel_valley ENVO rinnental tunnel-vale ENVO:00000436 envoPolar tunnel valley A deep but narrow valley with a 'U' shaped cross-section and frequently a 'U' shaped plan which is usually found filled with glacial till. It is formed when the edge of an ice mass advances up a slope. Its length may be appropriately measured in centimetres or kilometres, depending on the circumstances of formation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel_valley A small tunnel valley. ENVO ENVO:00000437 Nye channel A small tunnel valley. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel_valley A steep-sided depression formed by the melting of permafrost; it may contain a lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alas ENVO ENVO:00000438 alas A steep-sided depression formed by the melting of permafrost; it may contain a lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alas A small wooded valley, either U- or V-shaped. valley ENVO ENVO:00000439 dell A small wooded valley, either U- or V-shaped. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell_%28landform%29 valley USGS:SDTS A shallow cave-like opening at the base of a bluff or cliff. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_shelter ENVO rockhouse ENVO:00000440 rock shelter A shallow cave-like opening at the base of a bluff or cliff. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_shelter A ridge on a hillside formed when saturated soil particles expand, then contract as they dry, causing them to move slowly downhill. SWEETRealm:Terracette https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terracette ENVO ENVO:00000441 terracette A ridge on a hillside formed when saturated soil particles expand, then contract as they dry, causing them to move slowly downhill. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terracette A very powerful whirlpool. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maelstrom ENVO ENVO:00000442 maelstrom A very powerful whirlpool. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlpool A reservoir constructed for the purpose of containing a flood, an overflow of water from a body of water that sumerges land. EcoLexicon:flood_control_reservoir FTT:1175 FTT:217 FTT:709 TGN:51261 flood control basin ENVO retention basin storage basin ENVO:00000443 flood control reservoir A reservoir constructed for the purpose of containing a flood, an overflow of water from a body of water that sumerges land. MA:ma retention basin ADL:FTT storage basin ADL:FTT A tract of land with few or no trees in the middle of a wooded area. FTT:259 FTT:488 Geonames:L.CLG LTER:79 SWEETRealm:Burning TGN:21651 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clearing CLEARING clearing forest clearing burn burnt over area clearing cut line fire break glade grassland logged area opening There should be a better superclass than "field" which should indicate that there are no woody plants in growth form "tree" around. clearing A tract of land with few or no trees in the middle of a wooded area. USGS:SDTS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glade_(geography) CLEARING USGS:SDTS clearing Geonames:feature burn USGS:SDTS burnt over area USGS:SDTS clearing ADL:FTT cut line USGS:SDTS fire break USGS:SDTS glade USGS:SDTS grassland ADL:FTT logged area USGS:SDTS An aquaduct to transport water from one river basin to another one, to solve problems of hydrographic imbalance. It can decrease floods, moving the water to lands with droughts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transvasement ENVO ENVO:00000445 transvasement An aquaduct to transport water from one river basin to another one, to solve problems of hydrographic imbalance. It can decrease floods, moving the water to lands with droughts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transvasement A biome that applies to the terrestrial realm. LTER:798 SPIRE:Terrestrial ENVO terrestrial realm ENVO:00000446 terrestrial biome A biome that applies to the terrestrial realm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biome#Terrestrial_biomes An aquatic biome that comprises systems of open-ocean and unprotected coastal habitats, characterized by exposure to wave action, tidal fluctuation, and ocean currents as well as systems that largely resemble these. Water in the marine biome is generally within the salinity range of seawater: 30 to 38 ppt. SPIRE:Marine ENVO marine realm ENVO:00000447 envoPolar marine biome An aquatic biome that comprises systems of open-ocean and unprotected coastal habitats, characterized by exposure to wave action, tidal fluctuation, and ocean currents as well as systems that largely resemble these. Water in the marine biome is generally within the salinity range of seawater: 30 to 38 ppt. ISBN-10:0618455043 MA:ma ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean A reservoir constructed for the purpose of generating electricity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectric_reservoir ENVO ENVO:00000448 hydroelectric reservoir A reservoir constructed for the purpose of generating electricity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir A reservoir constructed for the purpose of providing drinking water. ENVO ENVO:00000449 drinking water reservoir A reservoir constructed for the purpose of providing drinking water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir A reservoir constructed for the purpose of providing water for irrigation. ENVO ENVO:00000450 irrigation reservoir A reservoir constructed for the purpose of providing water for irrigation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir A lake constructed, or modified, for the chief purpose of providing an amenity. ENVO ENVO:00000451 amenity lake A lake constructed, or modified, for the chief purpose of providing an amenity. MA:ma A lake that is long, narrow, and finger-shaped, usually found in a glacial trough. Its formation begins when a glacier moves over an area containing alternate bands of hard and soft bedrock. The sharp-edged boulders carried at the bottom of the glacier erode the softer rock more quickly by abrasion, thus creating a hollow called a rock basin. On either side of the rock basin, the more resistant rock is eroded less and these outcrops of harder rock are known as rock bars, which act as dams between which rainwater may accumulate after the retreat of the ice age, filling up the rock basin and creating a ribbon lake. A ribbon lake may also form behind a terminal or recessional moraine, both of which also act as dams, enabling water to accumulate behind them. A ribbon lake may also occur if a tributary glacier joins a main glacier. The increase in power can create a trough, which is filled with water from a river/meltwater to create a ribbon lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribbon_lake ENVO ENVO:00000452 ribbon lake A lake that is long, narrow, and finger-shaped, usually found in a glacial trough. Its formation begins when a glacier moves over an area containing alternate bands of hard and soft bedrock. The sharp-edged boulders carried at the bottom of the glacier erode the softer rock more quickly by abrasion, thus creating a hollow called a rock basin. On either side of the rock basin, the more resistant rock is eroded less and these outcrops of harder rock are known as rock bars, which act as dams between which rainwater may accumulate after the retreat of the ice age, filling up the rock basin and creating a ribbon lake. A ribbon lake may also form behind a terminal or recessional moraine, both of which also act as dams, enabling water to accumulate behind them. A ribbon lake may also occur if a tributary glacier joins a main glacier. The increase in power can create a trough, which is filled with water from a river/meltwater to create a ribbon lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribbon_lake A lake or estuary that is formed at the mouth of a river where flow is blocked by a bar of sediments. It can be maritime (the bar being created by the current of a sea) or fluvial (the bar being created by the flow of a bigger river at the confluence). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liman ENVO ENVO:00000453 liman A lake or estuary that is formed at the mouth of a river where flow is blocked by a bar of sediments. It can be maritime (the bar being created by the current of a sea) or fluvial (the bar being created by the flow of a bigger river at the confluence). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liman_(landform) A container of an intermittent lake unique to the limestone areas of Ireland, mostly west of the River Shannon. Most turloughs flood in the autumn, usually some time in October, and then dry up some time between April and July. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turlough ENVO ENVO:00000454 turlough A container of an intermittent lake unique to the limestone areas of Ireland, mostly west of the River Shannon. Most turloughs flood in the autumn, usually some time in October, and then dry up some time between April and July. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turlough_(lake) A mountain lake that is formed in a cirque excavated by a glacier. A moraine may form a natural dam below a tarn. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarn corrie loch ENVO ENVO:00000455 envoPolar tarn A mountain lake that is formed in a cirque excavated by a glacier. A moraine may form a natural dam below a tarn. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarn_(lake) A glacier that flows into the sea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidewater_glacier ENVO ENVO:00000456 envoPolar tidewater glacier A glacier that flows into the sea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidewater_glacier#Types_of_glaciers A glacier on a plateau or high area, smaller than an ice sheet. ENVO ENVO:00000457 envoPolar plateau glacier A glacier on a plateau or high area, smaller than an ice sheet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidewater_glacier#Types_of_glaciers A glacier that forms in a mountain valley. ENVO:00000085 EcoLexicon:glacier_valley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley_glacier ENVO ENVO:00000458 obsolete valley glacier true A glacier that forms in a mountain valley. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidewater_glacier#Types_of_glaciers A glacier fed by an ice sheet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outlet_glacier ENVO ENVO:00000459 envoPolar outlet glacier A glacier fed by an ice sheet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidewater_glacier#Types_of_glaciers A region of low topographic relief as a consequence of erosion by streams. ENVO ENVO:00000460 penplain A region of low topographic relief as a consequence of erosion by streams. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peneplain A volcanic landform which resembles a true volcanic crater, but differs in that it is not an actual vent from which lava has erupted. A pseudocrater is characterised by the absence of any magma conduit which connects below the surface of the earth. Pseudocraters are formed by steam explosions as flowing hot lava crosses over a wet surface, such as a swamp, a lake, or a pond. The explosive gases break through the lava surface in a manner similar to a phreatic eruption, and the tephra builds up crater-like forms which can appear very similar to real volcanic craters. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudocrater rootless vent ENVO ENVO:00000461 pseudocrater A volcanic landform which resembles a true volcanic crater, but differs in that it is not an actual vent from which lava has erupted. A pseudocrater is characterised by the absence of any magma conduit which connects below the surface of the earth. Pseudocraters are formed by steam explosions as flowing hot lava crosses over a wet surface, such as a swamp, a lake, or a pond. The explosive gases break through the lava surface in a manner similar to a phreatic eruption, and the tephra builds up crater-like forms which can appear very similar to real volcanic craters. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rootless_vent A volcanic field of scattered volcanic vents. These volcanic fields, containing numerous polygenetic volcanoes, are noted for having more than one eruptive event from the same vent(s), rather than the more common monogenetic volcanic field. Polygenetic volcanic fields generally occur where there is a high-level magma chamber. These volcanic fields may show lithological discontinuities due to major changes in magma chemistry, volcanotectonic events, or long erosional intervals, and may last >10 million year period. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygenetic_volcanic_field ENVO ENVO:00000462 polygenetic volcanic field A volcanic field of scattered volcanic vents. These volcanic fields, containing numerous polygenetic volcanoes, are noted for having more than one eruptive event from the same vent(s), rather than the more common monogenetic volcanic field. Polygenetic volcanic fields generally occur where there is a high-level magma chamber. These volcanic fields may show lithological discontinuities due to major changes in magma chemistry, volcanotectonic events, or long erosional intervals, and may last >10 million year period. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygenetic_volcanic_field A place where ships may shelter from the weather or are stored. SWEETRealm:Harbor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbor ENVO ENVO:00000463 envoPolar harbor A place where ships may shelter from the weather or are stored. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbor A harbor constructed by human agency. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_harbour artificial harbour ENVO ENVO:00000464 envoPolar artificial harbor A harbor constructed by human agency. MA:ma A harbor which is formed by a natural landform where a part of a body of water is protected and deep enough to furnish anchorage. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_harbor natural harbour ENVO ENVO:00000465 envoPolar natural harbor A harbor which is formed by a natural landform where a part of a body of water is protected and deep enough to furnish anchorage. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbor ENVO ENVO:00000466 obsolete marine hydrographic feature true An area of land on which a college or university and related institutional buildings are situated. campus https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_campus university campus An area of land on which a college or university and related institutional buildings are situated. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campus A dam constructed for the purpose of generating electricity from the water stored behind it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectric_dam ENVO ENVO:00000468 hydroelectric dam A dam constructed for the purpose of generating electricity from the water stored behind it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#By_purpose A facility, permanent or temporary, on land, in air, space or water, where scientific research or measurements can be undertaken. research facility A facility, permanent or temporary, on land, in air, space or water, where scientific research or measurements can be undertaken. MA:ma A dam constructed for the purpose of holding water in a reservoir for irrigation. ENVO ENVO:00000470 irrigation dam A dam constructed for the purpose of holding water in a reservoir for irrigation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#By_purpose A dam constructed for the purpose of controlling flooding. ENVO ENVO:00000471 flood control dam A dam constructed for the purpose of controlling flooding. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#By_purpose An area of calm water unaffected by the current of a stream. wetland FTT:184 TGN:21302 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backwater BACKWATER backwater An area of calm water unaffected by the current of a stream. USGS:SDTS wetland ADL:FTT BACKWATER USGS:SDTS A quarry from which gravel is extracted. FTT:772 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravel_pit ENVO mine site ENVO:00000473 gravel pit A quarry from which gravel is extracted. MA:ma mine site ADL:FTT An excavation of the Earth's surface to provide passage for a road, railway, canal, etc. FTT:1182 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cut CUT cutting ENVO ENVO:00000474 cut An excavation of the Earth's surface to provide passage for a road, railway, canal, etc. USGS:SDTS CUT USGS:SDTS An opening of the sea into the land, or of a lake into its shore. EcoLexicon:inlet FTT:233 FTT:463 Geonames:H.GULF Geonames:H.INLT SWEETRealm:Inlet TGN:21128 anse arm firth ria envoPolar inlet An opening of the sea into the land, or of a lake into its shore. USGS:SDTS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlet anse USGS:SDTS arm USGS:SDTS firth USGS:SDTS ria USGS:SDTS An opening of a lake into its shore. ENVO ENVO:00000476 envoPolar lake inlet An opening of a lake into its shore. USGS:SDTS A mountain or a hill. EcoLexicon:dome FTT:118 FTT:460 SWEETRealm:Dome TGN:21439 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount MOUNT ENVO cerrito cerro dome hill hillock hummock inselberg knob knoll koppje monadnock mountain rise ENVO:00000477 mount A mountain or a hill. USGS:SDTS MOUNT USGS:SDTS cerrito USGS:SDTS cerro ADL:FTT cerro USGS:SDTS dome USGS:SDTS hill USGS:SDTS hillock USGS:SDTS hummock Getty:TGN hummock USGS:SDTS inselberg USGS:SDTS knob USGS:SDTS knoll USGS:SDTS koppje USGS:SDTS monadnock USGS:SDTS mountain ADL:FTT rise USGS:SDTS 2 FTT:996 range (physiographic) envoPolar range of mounts range (physiographic) ADL:FTT 2 The exit or point of discharge of a stream into another stream, lake or sea. EcoLexicon:outlet SWEETRealm:Mouth https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouth MOUTH outlet mouth The exit or point of discharge of a stream into another stream, lake or sea. USGS:SDTS MOUTH USGS:SDTS outlet USGS:SDTS The summit of a mount. EcoLexicon:summit FTT:757 FTT:79 FTT:80 FTT:994 FTT:998 FTT:999 Geonames:T.PK Geonames:T.PKS SWEETRealm:Peak TGN:21490 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak PEAK peak peaks ENVO ahu ice peak mountain crest mountain summit nunatak summit ENVO:00000480 peak The summit of a mount. USGS:SDTS PEAK USGS:SDTS peak Geonames:feature peaks Geonames:feature ahu ADL:FTT ice peak USGS:SDTS mountain crest ADL:FTT mountain summit ADL:FTT nunatak ADL:FTT summit ADL:FTT summit USGS:SDTS A tall, slender, spire-shaped rock projecting from a level or more gently sloping surface. natural rock formation EcoLexicon:crag FTT:1008 FTT:145 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinnacle PINNACLE pinnacle (natural formation) ENVO chapeirao coral head crag pillar scar ENVO:00000481 pinnacle A tall, slender, spire-shaped rock projecting from a level or more gently sloping surface. USGS:SDTS natural rock formation ADL:FTT PINNACLE USGS:SDTS pinnacle (natural formation) ADL:FTT chapeirao USGS:SDTS coral head USGS:SDTS crag USGS:SDTS pillar USGS:SDTS scar USGS:SDTS The ground surface that lies beneath a sea. EcoLexicon:sea_floor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_floor SeaFloor sea bed sea bottom ENVO ENVO:00000482 sea floor The ground surface that lies beneath a sea. MA:ma SeaFloor NASA:earthrealm A hollow eroded by the force of the falling water at the base of a waterfall, particularly by the eddying effect. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plunge_pool PLUNGE POOL ENVO ENVO:00000483 Problematic. Does this refer to the depression or the accumulated water? plunge pool A hollow eroded by the force of the falling water at the base of a waterfall, particularly by the eddying effect. USGS:SDTS PLUNGE POOL USGS:SDTS Any enclosed water area in pack ice other than a lead, not large enough to be called open water. When frozen over, a polyna becomes an ice skylight from the point of view of the submariner. EcoLexicon:polynya SWEETRealm:Polynya https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynya POLYNA Polynya polynia ENVO big clearing clearing glade ice clearing regional clearing ENVO:00000484 envoPolar Could be a subclass of a class that describes holes in solid material covering water or other liquids. Perhaps a class like "clearing". Logical def can include surrounded_by "ice mass". polynya Any enclosed water area in pack ice other than a lead, not large enough to be called open water. When frozen over, a polyna becomes an ice skylight from the point of view of the submariner. USGS:SDTS POLYNA USGS:SDTS Polynya NASA:earthrealm polynia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/polynia big clearing USGS:SDTS clearing USGS:SDTS glade USGS:SDTS ice clearing USGS:SDTS regional clearing USGS:SDTS That part of the land in immediate contact with a sea, including the intertidal zone. EcoLexicon:seashore FTT:504 ENVO shore ENVO:00000485 sea shore That part of the land in immediate contact with a sea, including the intertidal zone. MA:ma The line of contact between a body of water and the land. EcoLexicon:shoreline FTT:240 FTT:503 TGN:21481 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoreline Shoreline coastal shoreline coastal zone coastline SHOR shoreline The line of contact between a body of water and the land. USGS:SDTS Shoreline NASA:earthrealm coastal shoreline USGS:SDTS coastal zone ADL:FTT coastline USGS:SDTS SHOR Geonames:feature One of a series of glacial lakes connected by a single stream or a braided stream system. lake https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paternoster_lake ENVO ENVO:00000487 envoPolar paternoster lake One of a series of glacial lakes connected by a single stream or a braided stream system. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paternoster_lake lake USGS:SDTS A lake which is primarily composed of glacial meltwater and which fills a depression formed as a result of a glacial erosion process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacial_lake ENVO ENVO:00000488 envoPolar glacial lake A lake which is primarily composed of glacial meltwater and which fills a depression formed as a result of a glacial erosion process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacial_lake An elevation which is formed as the result of a perennial ice lens forming under soil, pushing a roughly oval portion land surface upwards. palsa bog palsamoor Palsas typically occur in areas with discontinuous permafrost, frequently peat bogs. A palsa consists, similarly to a pingo, of an ice core and overlying soil materials, in case of a palsa usually boggy soil. Palsas are characteristically found in areas with discontinuous permafrost and in such areas bay be the only reliable surface evidence of permafrost. A palsa needs large quantities of water for the formation of its ice core (i.e. ice lens), which is why they frequently emerge from and are bound by boggy soils, which can store enormous quantities of water in their pores. Palsas develop particularly in moorlands and are therefore also named palsamoors. palsa An elevation which is formed as the result of a perennial ice lens forming under soil, pushing a roughly oval portion land surface upwards. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palsa A stream whose course is a direct consequence of the original slope of the surface upon which it developed, i.e., a stream that follows the slope of the original land. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consequent_stream ENVO ENVO:00000490 consequent stream A stream whose course is a direct consequence of the original slope of the surface upon which it developed, i.e., a stream that follows the slope of the original land. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsequent_stream A stream whose course has been determined by selective headward erosion along weak strata. These streams have generally developed after the original stream. Subsequent streams developed independently of the original relief of the land and generally follow paths determined by the weak rock belts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsequent_stream ENVO ENVO:00000491 subsequent stream A stream whose course has been determined by selective headward erosion along weak strata. These streams have generally developed after the original stream. Subsequent streams developed independently of the original relief of the land and generally follow paths determined by the weak rock belts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsequent_stream A stream whose course follows the original relief, but at a lower level than the original slope (e.g., flows down a course determined by the underlying strata in the same direction). These streams develop later and are generally a tributary to a subsequent stream. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resequent_stream ENVO ENVO:00000492 resequent stream A stream whose course follows the original relief, but at a lower level than the original slope (e.g., flows down a course determined by the underlying strata in the same direction). These streams develop later and are generally a tributary to a subsequent stream. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsequent_stream A stream flowing in the opposite direction of the consequent drainage. watercourse https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsequent_stream ENVO ENVO:00000493 obsequent stream A stream flowing in the opposite direction of the consequent drainage. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsequent_stream watercourse USGS:SDTS A stream that has an almost random drainage often forming dendritic patterns. These are typically tributaries and have developed by a headward erosion on a horizontally stratified belt or on homogeneous rocks. These streams follow courses that apparently were not controlled by the original slope of the surface, its structure or the type of rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insequent_stream ENVO ENVO:00000494 insequent stream A stream that has an almost random drainage often forming dendritic patterns. These are typically tributaries and have developed by a headward erosion on a horizontally stratified belt or on homogeneous rocks. These streams follow courses that apparently were not controlled by the original slope of the surface, its structure or the type of rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsequent_stream A stream or river which flows into another river (a parent river) or body of water but which may not flow directly into the sea. stream watercourse EcoLexicon:affluent FTT:105 FTT:1261 SWEETRealm:Tributary TGN:21157 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary affluent ENVO affluent stream confluent stream river tributary ENVO:00000495 tributary A stream or river which flows into another river (a parent river) or body of water but which may not flow directly into the sea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary stream ADL:FTT watercourse USGS:SDTS affluent ADL:FTT river tributary Getty:TGN A narrow and shallow incision into soil resulting from erosion by overland flow that has been focused into a thin thread by soil surface roughness. Rilling, the process of rill formation, is common on agricultural land and unvegetated ground. EcoLexicon:rill https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rill rill A narrow and shallow incision into soil resulting from erosion by overland flow that has been focused into a thin thread by soil surface roughness. Rilling, the process of rill formation, is common on agricultural land and unvegetated ground. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rill An incised meander on a river. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rincon ENVO inlet ENVO:00000497 rincon An incised meander on a river. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rincon inlet USGS:SDTS An intrusive igneous body. Its thickness is usually much smaller than its other two dimensions. Thickness can vary from sub-centimeter scale to many meters in thickness and the lateral dimensions can extend over many kilometers. A dike is an intrusion into a cross-cutting fissure, meaning a dike cuts across other pre-existing layers or bodies of rock, this means that a dike is always younger than the rocks that contain it. Dikes are usually high angle to near vertical in orientation, but subsequent tectonic deformation may rotate the sequence of strata through which the dike lies so that the latter becomes horizontal. ridge FTT:654 dyke (geologic) igneous dike volcanic dyke ENVO ENVO:00000498 volcanic dike An intrusive igneous body. Its thickness is usually much smaller than its other two dimensions. Thickness can vary from sub-centimeter scale to many meters in thickness and the lateral dimensions can extend over many kilometers. A dike is an intrusion into a cross-cutting fissure, meaning a dike cuts across other pre-existing layers or bodies of rock, this means that a dike is always younger than the rocks that contain it. Dikes are usually high angle to near vertical in orientation, but subsequent tectonic deformation may rotate the sequence of strata through which the dike lies so that the latter becomes horizontal. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trough_%28geology%29 ridge USGS:SDTS dyke (geologic) ADL:FTT A linear structural depression that extends laterally over a distance, while being less steep than a trench. A trough can be a narrow basin or a geologic rift. There are various oceanic troughs, troughs found under oceans; examples include the rift along the mid-oceanic ridge and the Cayman Trough. SWEETRealm:Trough TGN:21512 ENVO swale ENVO:00000499 trough A linear structural depression that extends laterally over a distance, while being less steep than a trench. A trough can be a narrow basin or a geologic rift. There are various oceanic troughs, troughs found under oceans; examples include the rift along the mid-oceanic ridge and the Cayman Trough. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trough_%28geology%29 swale USGS:SDTS An obstruction in a stream constructed by a beaver. dam FTT:243 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaver_dam beaver dam An obstruction in a stream constructed by a beaver. MA:ma dam USGS:SDTS The portion of the ground surface which lies below water. BOTTOM EcoLexicon:bed FTT:804 SWEETRealm:Bottom https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_bed bed The portion of the ground surface which lies below water. USGS:SDTS BOTTOM USGS:SDTS A depression that is periodically filled with saline water, forming a saline lake. lake FTT:221 FTT:880 Geonames:H.LKN Geonames:H.LKSNI intermittent saline lake intermittent salt lake intermittent salt lakes ENVO ENVO:00000502 container of an intermittent saline lake A depression that is periodically filled with saline water, forming a saline lake. MA:ma http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 lake ADL:FTT intermittent salt lake Geonames:feature intermittent salt lakes Geonames:feature A depression which is continous with one or more abandoned meander loops of a river channel. FTT:221 FTT:876 Geonames:H.LKOI intermittent oxbow lake ENVO ENVO:00000503 container of an intermittent oxbow lake A depression which is continous with one or more abandoned meander loops of a river channel. MA:ma http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 https://www.britannica.com/science/oxbow-lake A container of an intermittent water body which, when filled with water, has a well-illuminated surface layer, is subject to complete mixing of the water it holds, and is smaller than the container of a lake. FTT:221 FTT:877 FTT:878 Geonames:H.PNDI Geonames:H.PNDSI Geonames:H.POOLI intermittent pond intermittent ponds intermittent pool intermittent pool intermittent pool container of an intermittent pond A container of an intermittent water body which, when filled with water, has a well-illuminated surface layer, is subject to complete mixing of the water it holds, and is smaller than the container of a lake. MA:ma http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 https://www.britannica.com/science/lacustrine-ecosystem#ref6888 intermittent pond Geonames:feature intermittent ponds Geonames:feature intermittent pool Geonames:feature intermittent pool ADL:FTT intermittent pool ADL:FTT A gently inclined underground tunnel bringing water for irrigation from an aquifer. FTT:129 FTT:410 Geonames:H.CNLSB underground irrigation canal ENVO ENVO:00000505 underground irrigation canal A gently inclined underground tunnel bringing water for irrigation from an aquifer. Geonames:feature underground irrigation canal ADL:FTT underground irrigation canal Geonames:feature A reservoir that is not permanently filled with water, at times being dry. FTT:221 FTT:588 FTT:879 Geonames:H.RSVI intermittent reservoir intermittently filled reservoir A reservoir that is not permanently filled with water, at times being dry. MA:ma intermittent reservoir Geonames:feature The lower terminus of a wadi where it widens into an adjoining floodplain, depression, or water body. FTT:157 FTT:162 Geonames:H.WADM wadi mouth wadi mouth The lower terminus of a wadi where it widens into an adjoining floodplain, depression, or water body. Geonames:feature wadi mouth Geonames:feature A step-like feature between higher and lower ground: a relatively flat or gently inclined shelf of earth, backed and fronted by steep slopes or manmade detaining walls. EcoLexicon:terrace FTT:247 FTT:248 Geonames:T.BNCH Geonames:T.TRR TGN:21498 TGN:21513 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrace TERRACE bench ledge rock terrace terrace ENVO bench bench (natural) ENVO:00000508 terrace A step-like feature between higher and lower ground: a relatively flat or gently inclined shelf of earth, backed and fronted by steep slopes or manmade detaining walls. USGS:SDTS TERRACE USGS:SDTS bench Geonames:feature ledge ADL:FTT rock terrace USGS:SDTS terrace Geonames:feature bench Getty:TGN bench USGS:SDTS bench (natural) ADL:FTT EcoLexicon:bench FTT:249 Geonames:BNCU https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_terrace bench bench (seafloor) ENVO marine bench ENVO:00000509 marine terrace bench Geonames:feature bench (seafloor) ADL:FTT marine bench USGS:SDTS physiographic feature FTT:947 FTT:96 Geonames:T.NKM meander neck ENVO ENVO:00000510 meander neck physiographic feature ADL:FTT meander neck Geonames:feature A peatland whose development is mostly independent of basins or topographical features where water collects; it simply covers the landscape like a blanket. Peat develops due to a continuous supply of water from rainfall, maintaining waterlogged conditions on the ground. Blanket bogs are ombrotrophic or rain fed, and as a result their pH lies between 3.5 and 4.2. wetland SWEETRealm:BlanketBog https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanket_bog ENVO ENVO:00000511 blanket bog A peatland whose development is mostly independent of basins or topographical features where water collects; it simply covers the landscape like a blanket. Peat develops due to a continuous supply of water from rainfall, maintaining waterlogged conditions on the ground. Blanket bogs are ombrotrophic or rain fed, and as a result their pH lies between 3.5 and 4.2. IPCC:http://www.ipcc.ie/infoblanketbogfs.html wetland USGS:SDTS The ground surface that lies beneath a pond. pond bottom pond bed The ground surface that lies beneath a pond. MA:ma The ground surface that lies beneath a reservoir. reservoir bottom reservoir bed The ground surface that lies beneath a reservoir. MA:ma A generally circular saucer or bowl-shaped depression caused by volcanic or meteorite explosive action. FTT:219 Geonames:T.CRTR SWEETRealm:Crater TGN:21408 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater CRATER caldera crater A generally circular saucer or bowl-shaped depression caused by volcanic or meteorite explosive action. Geonames:feature CRATER USGS:SDTS caldera USGS:SDTS A cut to provide passage for a road. Geonames:R.RDCUT road cut ENVO ENVO:00000515 road cut A cut to provide passage for a road. MA:ma road cut Geonames:feature A patch of ground, distinct from and slightly above the surrounding plain or wetland. Often occurs in groups. FTT:783 Geonames:T.HMCK SWEETRealm:Hummock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammock hummock ENVO ENVO:00000516 hammock A patch of ground, distinct from and slightly above the surrounding plain or wetland. Often occurs in groups. Geonames:feature hummock Geonames:feature A surface stream that disappears into an underground channel, or dries up in an arid area. lost river lost watercourse stream FTT:105 FTT:931 Geonames:H.STMSB TGN:21112 lost river ENVO ENVO:00000517 lost stream A surface stream that disappears into an underground channel, or dries up in an arid area. Geonames:feature lost river Geonames:feature lost watercourse Geonames:feature lost watercourse Getty:TGN stream ADL:FTT lost river ADL:FTT lost river Geonames:feature The exit or point of discharge of a ditch. FTT:129 FTT:399 Geonames:H.DTCHM ditch mouth ENVO ENVO:00000518 ditch mouth The exit or point of discharge of a ditch. MA:ma ditch mouth ADL:FTT ditch mouth Geonames:feature https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_terrace ENVO ENVO:00000519 agricultural terrace A mound of earth material, at the base of a slope and the associated scoured area. physiographic feature EcoLexicon:landslide FTT:1076 FTT:914 FTT:96 Geonames:T.SLID SWEETRealm:Landslide TGN:21507 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landslide landslip slide slide (natural) landslide physiographic feature ADL:FTT slide Geonames:feature slide Getty:TGN slide (natural) ADL:FTT An irregular mass of fallen rock at the base of a cliff or steep slope. EcoLexicon:rockfall FTT:1072 FTT:96 Geonames:T.RKFL TGN:21504 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockfall rockfall rockfall rockfall Geonames:feature A tunnel through which a canal passes. tunnel FTT:396 FTT:397 Geonames:H.TNLC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal_tunnel canal tunnel ENVO ENVO:00000522 canal tunnel A tunnel through which a canal passes. Geonames:feature tunnel ADL:FTT canal tunnel Geonames:feature A channel formed as a result of a stream cutting through a meander neck. FTT:462 Geomames:CUTF TGN:21134 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutoff cut off cutoff (hydrographic) cuttoff ENVO ENVO:00000523 cutoff A channel formed as a result of a stream cutting through a meander neck. Geonames:feature cut off USGS:SDTS cutoff (hydrographic) ADL:FTT cuttoff Geonames:feature A former stream or distributary no longer carrying flowing water, but still evident due to lakes, wetland, topographic or vegetation patterns. Geonames:H.STMQ TGN:21113 abandoned watercourse abandoned watercourse A former stream or distributary no longer carrying flowing water, but still evident due to lakes, wetland, topographic or vegetation patterns. Geonames:feature abandoned watercourse Geonames:feature A stream that has been substantially ditched, diked, or straightened. canal FTT:129 FTT:398 Geonames:H.STMC canalised stream canalized stream ENVO ENVO:00000525 canalized stream A stream that has been substantially ditched, diked, or straightened. Geonames:feature canal ADL:FTT canalized stream Geonames:feature A deep narrow slot, notch, or groove in a cliff. Geonames:T.CFT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleft ENVO cleft ENVO:00000526 cleft A deep narrow slot, notch, or groove in a cliff. Geonames:feature cleft Geonames:feature A relatively undissected upland between adjacent stream valleys. plain FTT:707 FTT:874 Geonames:T.INTF TGN:21450 interfluve ENVO ENVO:00000527 interfluve A relatively undissected upland between adjacent stream valleys. Geonames:feature plain ADL:FTT interfluve Geonames:feature A linear elevation on an icecap. ridge FTT:155 FTT:844 Geonames:H.RDGG icecap reach ENVO ENVO:00000528 envoPolar ice cap ridge A linear elevation on an icecap. Geonames:feature ridge ADL:FTT icecap reach Geonames:feature A ridge of sand just inland and parallel to the beach, usually in series. FTT:236 Geonames:T.RDGB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach_ridge beach ridge ENVO ENVO:00000529 beach ridge A ridge of sand just inland and parallel to the beach, usually in series. Geonames:feature beach ridge Geonames:feature A gentle slope, with a generally smooth surface, particularly found around groups of islands and seamounts. EcoLexicon:apron FTT:122 Geonames:U.APNU TGN:23187 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apron apron ENVO apron (geological) archipelago apron undersea apron ENVO:00000530 apron A gentle slope, with a generally smooth surface, particularly found around groups of islands and seamounts. Geonames:feature apron Geonames:feature apron (geological) ADL:FTT archipelago apron USGS:SDTS undersea apron Getty:TGN A depression which is part of an ice cap. FTT:839 Geonames:H.DPRG TGN:21145 icecap depression ENVO icecap depression ENVO:00000531 envoPolar ice cap depression icecap depression ADL:FTT icecap depression Geonames:feature lake FTT:881 Geonames:H.PNDNI intermittent salt pond ENVO ENVO:00000532 intermittent saline evaporation pond lake ADL:FTT intermittent salt pond ADL:FTT intermittent salt pond Geonames:feature A site at which refuse is dumped, normally filling a natural or artificial depression. FTT:621 FTT:624 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfill garbage dump rubbish dump ENVO disposal site ENVO:00000533 landfill A site at which refuse is dumped, normally filling a natural or artificial depression. MA:ma disposal site ADL:FTT FTT:1071 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pothole ENVO ENVO:00000534 pothole A low obstruction built across the path of s stream to raise its level. FTT:603 Geonames:S.WEIR TGN:51265 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weir weir ENVO ENVO:00000535 weir A low obstruction built across the path of s stream to raise its level. MA:ma weir Geonames:feature An annular depression that may not be continuous, located at the base of many seamounts, islands, and other isolated elevations. Geonames:U.MOTU moatan ENVO ENVO:00000536 moatan An annular depression that may not be continuous, located at the base of many seamounts, islands, and other isolated elevations. Geonames:feature moatan Geonames:feature A high altitude or high latitude bare, flat area covered with large angular rocks. FTT:289 Geonames:T.BLDR TGN:21501 boulder field ENVO ENVO:00000537 boulder field A high altitude or high latitude bare, flat area covered with large angular rocks. Geonames:feature boulder field Geonames:feature An undersea area of subdued corrugations. FTT:167 Geonames:U.ARRU arrugado arrugado An undersea area of subdued corrugations. Geonames:feature arrugado ADL:FTT arrugado Geonames:feature The low part of a gap or saddle separating basins. EcoLexicon:sill FTT:740 Geonames:H.SILL SWEETRealm:Sill TGN:21367 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sill ENVO gap sill sill (physiographic) ENVO:00000539 sill The low part of a gap or saddle separating basins. Geonames:feature gap ADL:FTT sill Geonames:feature sill USGS:SDTS sill (physiographic) ADL:FTT A lake which is primarily composed of brackish water, having a higher salinity than fresh water but a lower salinity than marine water. brackish lake ENVO ENVO:00000541 brackish pond An irregularly shaped hill or mound composed of sorted or stratified sand and gravel that is deposited in contact with the glacial ice. It can have an irregular shape. Kames are often associated with kettles, and this is referred to as kame and kettle topography. When the ice retreats further, the delta kame often collapses. Kame terraces are frequently found along the side of a glacial valley and are the deposits of meltwater streams flowing between the ice and the adjacent valley side. mount ridge EcoLexicon:kame https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kame ENVO ENVO:00000542 kame An irregularly shaped hill or mound composed of sorted or stratified sand and gravel that is deposited in contact with the glacial ice. It can have an irregular shape. Kames are often associated with kettles, and this is referred to as kame and kettle topography. When the ice retreats further, the delta kame often collapses. Kame terraces are frequently found along the side of a glacial valley and are the deposits of meltwater streams flowing between the ice and the adjacent valley side. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kame mount USGS:SDTS ridge USGS:SDTS A low tract of land, especially when moist or marshy. The term can refer to a natural landscape feature or a human-created one. When created by humans, this open drain system is designed to manage water runoff. EcoLexicon:swale ENVO trough ENVO:00000543 swale A low tract of land, especially when moist or marshy. The term can refer to a natural landscape feature or a human-created one. When created by humans, this open drain system is designed to manage water runoff. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swale_%28geographical_feature%29 trough USGS:SDTS A man-made watercourse, or makeshift aqueduct, often an artificial channel which supplies water to a watermill or its mill pond, collecting water from upstream of the mill so that the natural level of the driving water is above the level of the stream at the mill. Alternatively to may deliver water for mineral washing and concentration, irrigation or to a dye works. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leat lete ENVO ENVO:00000544 leat A man-made watercourse, or makeshift aqueduct, often an artificial channel which supplies water to a watermill or its mill pond, collecting water from upstream of the mill so that the natural level of the driving water is above the level of the stream at the mill. Alternatively to may deliver water for mineral washing and concentration, irrigation or to a dye works. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leat A beach which is armoured with pebbles or small to medium sized cobbles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shingle_beach pebble beach ENVO ENVO:00000545 shingle beach A beach which is armoured with pebbles or small to medium sized cobbles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shingle_beach Lake sediment is sediment which covers the bottom of a lake. Lake sediments are comprised mainly of clastic material (sediment of clay, silt, and sand sizes), organic debris, chemical precipitates, or combinations of these. SedimentLayer lake sediment Lake sediment is sediment which covers the bottom of a lake. Lake sediments are comprised mainly of clastic material (sediment of clay, silt, and sand sizes), organic debris, chemical precipitates, or combinations of these. URL:http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/328083/lake/59070/Sediments-and-sedimentation SedimentLayer NASA:earthrealm A pond, often temporary or seasonal, used as a drinking place by mammals and birds. FTT:828 Geonames:H.WTRH TGN:21184 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterhole water hole ENVO water hole waterhole ENVO:00000547 waterhole A pond, often temporary or seasonal, used as a drinking place by mammals and birds. MA:ma water hole USGS:SDTS waterhole Geonames:feature Geonames:L.GVL TGN:21502 ENVO gravel field area ENVO:00000548 gravel field gravel field area Geonames:feature A depression which is is periodically filled with water when water supply exceeds evapotranspiration and bed seepage. Despite the relocation from its position under 'water body' and the rewording of the definition, the class was not obsoleted as the entity being referenced is effectively the same. TGN:21198 intermittent body of water intermittent water body This was formerly represented as a water body, which would not be valid during dry periods. This class more properly refers to the container of the water body, thusfar always some depression, which periodically contains a water body. container of an intermittent water body A depression which is is periodically filled with water when water supply exceeds evapotranspiration and bed seepage. MA:ma http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 intermittent body of water Getty:TGN Geonames:U.CDAU TGN:23131 TGN:23145 TGN:23344 ENVO cordillera seamount chain seamount group seamount range undersea cordillera undersea mountain chain undersea range ENVO:00000550 range of seamounts cordillera Geonames:feature seamount chain USGS:SDTS seamount group USGS:SDTS seamount range USGS:SDTS undersea cordillera Getty:TGN undersea mountain chain Getty:TGN undersea range Getty:TGN A drainage basin from which there is no outflow of water, either on the surface as rivers, or underground by flow or diffusion through rock or permeable material. EcoLexicon:endorheic_basin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endorheic_basin ENVO closed basin terminal basin ENVO:00000551 endorheic basin A drainage basin from which there is no outflow of water, either on the surface as rivers, or underground by flow or diffusion through rock or permeable material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endorheic_basin An area of unfrozen ground surrounded by permafrost. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talik Talik ENVO ENVO:00000552 talik An area of unfrozen ground surrounded by permafrost. MA:ma Talik NASA:earthrealm A dam constructed for more than one purpose. ENVO ENVO:00000553 multipurpose dam A dam constructed for more than one purpose. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#By_purpose An auxiliary dam constructed to confine the reservoir created by a primary dam either to permit a higher water elevation and storage or to limit the extent of a reservoir for increased efficiency. ENVO ENVO:00000554 saddle dam An auxiliary dam constructed to confine the reservoir created by a primary dam either to permit a higher water elevation and storage or to limit the extent of a reservoir for increased efficiency. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#By_purpose A dam designed to reduce flow velocity and control soil erosion. SWEETRealm:CheckDam ENVO ENVO:00000555 check dam A dam designed to reduce flow velocity and control soil erosion. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#By_purpose A dam that only partly restricts a waterway, creating a faster channel that resists the accumulation of sediment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_dam ENVO ENVO:00000556 wing dam A dam that only partly restricts a waterway, creating a faster channel that resists the accumulation of sediment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#By_purpose A dam designed to control flooding. It normally holds back no water and allows the channel to flow freely, except during periods of intense flow that would otherwise cause flooding downstream. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_dam ENVO ENVO:00000557 dry dam A dam designed to control flooding. It normally holds back no water and allows the channel to flow freely, except during periods of intense flow that would otherwise cause flooding downstream. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#By_purpose A dam designed to divert all or a portion of the flow of a river from its natural course. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diversionary_dam ENVO ENVO:00000558 diversionary dam A dam designed to divert all or a portion of the flow of a river from its natural course. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#By_purpose A region at which weapons, typically military, are tested. ENVO ENVO:00000559 weapons test site A region at which weapons, typically military, are tested. MA:ma A weapons test site at which nuclear weapons are, or have been, tested. ENVO ENVO:00000560 nuclear weapons test site A weapons test site at which nuclear weapons are, or have been, tested. MA:ma A region in which military personnel train. ENVO ENVO:00000561 military training area A region in which military personnel train. MA:ma A bounded area of land, or water, usually in its natural or semi-natural (landscaped) state and set aside for some purpose, usually to do with recreation or conservation. park A bounded area of land, or water, usually in its natural or semi-natural (landscaped) state and set aside for some purpose, usually to do with recreation or conservation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park A raised walkway over water, supported by piles or pillars. EcoLexicon:pier pier A raised walkway over water, supported by piles or pillars. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier A place (or group of physical sites) in which evidence of past activity is preserved (either prehistoric or historic or contemporary), and which is, has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeological_site ENVO ENVO:00000564 archeological site A place (or group of physical sites) in which evidence of past activity is preserved (either prehistoric or historic or contemporary), and which is, has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeological_site A building or region where sports activities can be carried out. The inclusion of "region" in this definition is problematic. sports facility A building or region where sports activities can be carried out. MA:ma A sports facility constructed for skiing and allied sports that require snow and/or ice. ENVO ENVO:00000566 winter sports facility A sports facility constructed for skiing and allied sports that require snow and/or ice. MA:ma A deep valley with steep sides, typically of limestone, in part submerged by the sea. calanque A deep valley with steep sides, typically of limestone, in part submerged by the sea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calanque A habitat that is solely in the air. ENVO:00002005 ENVO ENVO:00000568 obsolete aerial habitat true A habitat that is solely in the air. NM:nm A habitat that is in or on a sea or ocean containing high concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids (typically >35 grams dissolved salts per litre). ENVO:01000321 ENVO ENVO:00000569 obsolete marine habitat true A habitat that is in or on a sea or ocean containing high concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids (typically >35 grams dissolved salts per litre). NM:nm A habitat that is in or on a body of water (as in estuaries) containing medium concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids (typically 0.5 to 35 grams dissolved salts per litre). ENVO:01000322 ENVO ENVO:00000570 obsolete brackish water habitat true A habitat that is in or on a body of water (as in estuaries) containing medium concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids (typically 0.5 to 35 grams dissolved salts per litre). NM:nm A habitat in or on trees. ENVO ENVO:00000571 obsolete arboreal habitat true A habitat in or on trees. NM:nm A habitat that is below the surface of the earth. subterranean habitat underground habitat ENVO hypogeal habitat ENVO:00000572 obsolete subterrestrial habitat true A habitat that is below the surface of the earth. NM:nm Incorporated populated place. urban area EcoLexicon:city FTT:430 FTT:483 FTT:484 FTT:485 SWEETRealm:City TGN:83020 TGN:83040 TGN:83043 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City ENVO ENVO:00000856 city Incorporated populated place. ADL:FTT urban area ADL:FTT A biome that applies to the freshwater realm. SPIRE:Freshwater ENVO freshwater realm ENVO:00000873 envoPolar freshwater biome A biome that applies to the freshwater realm. MA:ma ENVO:01000180 ENVO ENVO:00000874 obsolete Tundra biome true ENVO:01000211 ENVO ENVO:00000875 obsolete Temperate coniferous forest biome true ENVO:01000202 ENVO:01000212 ENVO ENVO:00000876 obsolete Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest biome true ENVO:01000189 ENVO:01000193 ENVO:01000215 ENVO ENVO:00000877 obsolete Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrubland biome true ENVO:01000199 ENVO:01000208 ENVO:01000217 ENVO ENVO:00000878 obsolete Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and shrub biome true ENVO:01000226 ENVO:01000228 ENVO ENVO:00000879 obsolete Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest biome true ENVO:01000225 ENVO:01000227 ENVO ENVO:00000880 obsolete Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forest biome true ENVO:01000187 ENVO:01000188 ENVO:01000191 ENVO:01000192 ENVO:01000213 ENVO:01000214 ENVO ENVO:00000881 obsolete Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrubland biome true ENVO:01000194 ENVO:01000216 ENVO ENVO:00000882 obsolete Montane grasslands and shrubland biome true ENVO:01000179 ENVO:01000218 ENVO ENVO:00000883 obsolete Deserts and xeric shrubland biome true ENVO:01000181 ENVO ENVO:00000884 obsolete Mangrove biome true ENVO:01000190 ENVO:01000195 ENVO ENVO:00000885 obsolete Flooded grasslands and savanna biome true A habitat consisting of the spaces within rocks, such as pores between aggregate grains. Inhabited by endolithic organisms. ENVO:01000303 ENVO ENVO:00000886 obsolete endolithic habitat true A habitat consisting of the spaces within rocks, such as pores between aggregate grains. Inhabited by endolithic organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile#Types_of_extremophiles ENVO ENVO:00000887 wwfBiome "Large" is ambiguous. For details on "Large rivers" (e.g. the Mekong river) see http://worldwildlife.org/biomes/large-river-ecosystems This class will be replaced with a less ambiguous class. large river biome ENVO ENVO:00000888 wwfBiome "Large" is ambiguous. For details on "Large river headwaters" (e.g. the Upper Amazon headwaters) see http://worldwildlife.org/biomes/large-river-headwater-ecosystems This class will be replaced with a less ambiguous class. large river headwater biome ENVO ENVO:00000889 wwfBiome "Large" is ambiguous. For details on "Large river deltas" (e.g. the Niger river delta) see http://worldwildlife.org/biomes/large-river-delta-ecosystems This class will be replaced with a less ambiguous class. large river delta biome ENVO ENVO:00000890 wwfBiome "Small" is ambiguous. For details on "Small rivers" (e.g. the Salween river) see http://worldwildlife.org/biomes/small-river-ecosystems. This class will be replaced with a less ambiguous class. small river biome ENVO ENVO:00000891 wwfBiome "Large" is ambiguous. For details on "Large lakes" (e.g. African rift lakes) see http://worldwildlife.org/biomes/large-lake-ecosystems This class will be replaced with a less ambiguous class. large lake biome ENVO ENVO:00000892 wwfBiome "Small" is ambiguous. For details on "Small lakes" (e.g. Cameroon crater lakes) see http://worldwildlife.org/biomes/small-lake-ecosystems. This class will be replaced with a less ambiguous class. small lake biome A biome which has little permanent surface water and a low relative abundance of springs. The WWF definition is somewhat ambiguous, but workable. wwfBiome xeric basin biome A biome which has little permanent surface water and a low relative abundance of springs. https://www.worldwildlife.org/biomes/xeric-basin-ecosystems ENVO:01000186 ENVO ENVO:00000894 obsolete polar biome true ENVO ENVO:00000895 Please refer to the terms in the neritic pelagic zone and neritic benthic zone branches (PLB: 2010-03-15) obsolete temperate shelf and sea biome true ENVO ENVO:00000896 Please use the appropriate terms in the marine biome branch in combination with the marine upwelling feature to specify an environment characterised by a marine upwelling (2010-03-15, PLB) obsolete temperate upwelling biome true ENVO ENVO:00000897 Please use the appropriate terms in the marine biome branch in combination with the marine upwelling feature to specify an environment characterised by a marine upwelling (2010-03-15, PLB) obsolete tropical upwelling biome true ENVO:01000049 ENVO ENVO:00000898 Please use terms in the marine coral reef branch of the Biome hierarchy (2010-03-15, PLB) to describe marine coral reefs. obsolete tropical coral biome true A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids. EcoLexicon:rock FTT:1010 FTT:145 Geonames:T.RK Geonames:T.RKS SWEETRealm:Rock TGN:21444 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock ENVO ENVO:00001995 From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ [A mineral] is different from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals and does not have a specific chemical composition. The exact definition of a mineral is under debate, especially with respect to the requirement a valid species be abiogenic, and to a lesser extent with regards to it having an ordered atomic structure. rock A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology) The outflow of water from a mine. ENVO acid and metalliferous drainage acid rock drainage ENVO:00001996 mine drainage The outflow of water from a mine. MA:ma acid and metalliferous drainage acid rock drainage A mine drainage with an acidic pH. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_mine_drainage ENVO acid rock drainage ENVO:00001997 acid mine drainage A mine drainage with an acidic pH. MA:ma acid rock drainage https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_mine_drainage Soil is an environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms. The various 'has part' and 'has quality' relations may not hold true for all soils; however, I have yet to find counter examples. Require input from a pedologist or similar. [pbuttigieg] regolith LTER:535 SPIRE:Soil SWEETRealm:Soil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil 'In engineering terms, soil is referred to as regolith, or loose rock material that lies above the 'solid geology'. Soil is commonly referred to as "earth" or "dirt"; technically, the term "dirt" should be restricted to displaced soil.' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil " The upper limit of soil is the boundary between soil and air, shallow water, live plants, or plant materials that have not begun to decompose. Areas are not considered to have soil if the surface is permanently covered by water too deep (typically more than 2.5 meters) for the growth of rooted plants. The lower boundary that separates soil from the nonsoil underneath is most difficult to define. Soil consists of horizons near the Earth's surface that, in contrast to the underlying parent material, have been altered by the interactions of climate, relief, and living organisms over time. Commonly, soil grades at its lower boundary to hard rock or to earthy materials virtually devoid of animals, roots, or other marks of biological activity. For purposes of classification, the lower boundary of soil is arbitrarily set at 200 cm." Soil taxonomy, 2nd Ed., quoted in http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/edu/?cid=nrcs142p2_054280 soil Soil is an environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil A significant accumulation of water which is part of a marine biome. body of marine water marine waterbody Ideas like "significant" are fuzzy and need to be modelled more accurately. The definition is a candidate for review. marine water body The part of an elevation or depression between the relatively flat surrounding area and the peak of a mount or the bottom of a depression. EcoLexicon:slope SWEETRealm:Slope https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slope ENVO flank side ENVO:00002000 slope The part of an elevation or depression between the relatively flat surrounding area and the peak of a mount or the bottom of a depression. MA:ma Water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. EcoLexicon:waste_water SWEETRealm:Wastewater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_water ENVO ENVO:00002001 waste water Water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewater FOODON:00001002 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food ENVO ENVO:00002002 The FAO has the following definition for "food": "Any substance, whether processed, semi-processed, or raw, which is intended for human consumption, and includes drink, chewing gum and any substance which has been used in the manufacture, preparation or treatment of "food" but does not include cosmetics or tobacco or substances used only as drugs." (Nutrition Division/Meeting Programming and Documentation Service, FAO, 2013 (MI198) adopted from Codex Alimentarius Commission, Procedural Manual, Twentieth edition, 2011 (ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/Publications/ProcManuals/Manual_20e.pdf). ) obsolete food product true An excreta material which is composed primarily of feces, an excreta consisting of waste products expelled from an animal's digestive tract through the anus (or cloaca) during defecation. EcoLexicon:drop SPIRE:Dung SWEETRealm:Drop faeces material feces material droppings frass pellet ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. This is distinct from classes such as http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001988 in that it refers to the environmental material composed primarily of feces rather than 'just' feces. fecal material An excreta material which is composed primarily of feces, an excreta consisting of waste products expelled from an animal's digestive tract through the anus (or cloaca) during defecation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feces An object which is large enough to be visible to humans, but small enough that humans can handle the object (i.e. transport it, examine it, etc) in its entirety with little to no technological assistance. mesoscopic physical object This is a legacy class from ENVO's early versions. It will be depopulated and filled in by inference using a PATO quality. Not to be confused with "mesoscopic" as defined in physics, which deals with objects typically between 10e-6 and 10-8 meters in diameter. physical object of mesoscopic geological size An object which is large enough to be visible to humans, but small enough that humans can handle the object (i.e. transport it, examine it, etc) in its entirety with little to no technological assistance. MA:ma https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/mesoscopic The mixture of gases (roughly (by molar content/volume: 78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor) that surrounds the planet Earth. EcoLexicon:air LTER:18 SWEETRealm:Air https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air envoPolar air The mixture of gases (roughly (by molar content/volume: 78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor) that surrounds the planet Earth. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air An environmental material primarily composed of dihydrogen oxide in its liquid form. EcoLexicon:water LTER:617 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water water An environmental material primarily composed of dihydrogen oxide in its liquid form. MA:ma Sediment is an environmental substance comprised of any particulate matter that can be transported by fluid flow and which eventually is deposited as a layer of solid particles on the bedor bottom of a body of water or other liquid. EcoLexicon:sediment EcoLexicon:sedimentation LTER:492 LTER:493 SWEETRealm:Sediment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sediment envoPolar It is recommended to use a combination of sediment terms to describe a more specific sediment type. sediment Sediment is an environmental substance comprised of any particulate matter that can be transported by fluid flow and which eventually is deposited as a layer of solid particles on the bedor bottom of a body of water or other liquid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sediment Minute solid particles with diameters less than 500 micrometers. Occurs in and may be deposited from, the atmosphere. EcoLexicon:dust SWEETRealm:Dust https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust envoPolar dust Minute solid particles with diameters less than 500 micrometers. Occurs in and may be deposited from, the atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust A habitat that is on or at the boundary of the surface of the Earth. ENVO ENVO:00002009 obsolete terrestrial habitat true A habitat that is on or at the boundary of the surface of the Earth. NM:nm Water which contains a significant concentration of dissolved salts. EcoLexicon:saltwater SWEETRealm:SalineWater SWEETRealm:SaltWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_water salt water The threshold salt concentration for classifying water as saline varies, but typically begins at about 1,000 to 3,000 parts salt per million parts water or 0.1–0.3% salt by weight. saline water Water which has a low concentration of dissolved solutes, particularly that of sodium chloride. EcoLexicon:fresh_water LTER:216 SWEETRealm:FreshWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresh_water freshwater sweet water envoEmpo envoPolar The lower bound of solute concentration required for water to be considered freshwater is variable, but is always less than that of seawater, and often cited as less than 1 gram of solutes per 1 litre of water. fresh water Water which contains a highly increased concentration of dissolved salts, surpassing the average salinity of seawater. We make no commitment to a particular threshold; this should be described on the data/information layer according to the norms of a discipline, accepted standard, or similar reference. envoPolar The average salinity of sea water is assumed to be around 35,000 ppm, equivalent to 35 grams of salt per one liter (or kilogram) of water. hypersaline water Rock formed from molten magma. EcoLexicon:igneous_rock SWEETRealm:IgneousRock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_rock ENVO ENVO:00002013 igneous rock Rock formed from molten magma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29 An igneous rock that results from the crystallization of a magma below the surface of the Earth. SWEETRealm:IntrusiveRock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonic_rock ENVO intrusive rock ENVO:00002014 plutonic rock An igneous rock that results from the crystallization of a magma below the surface of the Earth. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonic_rock An igneous rock that results from magma reaching the surface either as lava or fragmental ejecta. EcoLexicon:volcanic_rock SWEETRealm:VolcanicRock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_rock ENVO ENVO:00002015 Due to the general suggestion that volcanic rock simply comes from a volcanic process, it's not immediately clear whether this is interchangeable with igneous rock. volcanic rock An igneous rock that results from magma reaching the surface either as lava or fragmental ejecta. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29 A rock formed by deposition of either clastic sediments, organic matter, or chemical precipitates (evaporites), followed by compaction of the particulate matter and cementation during diagenesis. EcoLexicon:sedimentary_rock SWEETRealm:SedimentaryRock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_rock ENVO ENVO:00002016 sedimentary rock A rock formed by deposition of either clastic sediments, organic matter, or chemical precipitates (evaporites), followed by compaction of the particulate matter and cementation during diagenesis. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29 A rock formed by subjecting any rock type (including previously-formed metamorphic rock) to different temperature and pressure conditions than those in which the original rock was formed. These temperatures and pressures are always higher than those at the Earth's surface and must be sufficiently high so as to change the original minerals into other mineral types or else into other forms of the same minerals (e.g. by recrystallisation). EcoLexicon:metamorphic_rock SWEETRealm:MetamorphicRock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamorphic_rock ENVO ENVO:00002017 metamorphic rock A rock formed by subjecting any rock type (including previously-formed metamorphic rock) to different temperature and pressure conditions than those in which the original rock was formed. These temperatures and pressures are always higher than those at the Earth's surface and must be sufficiently high so as to change the original minerals into other mineral types or else into other forms of the same minerals (e.g. by recrystallisation). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29 Wastewater that is contaminated with feces or urine, SWEETRealm:Sewage https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage ENVO ENVO:00002018 sewage Wastewater that is contaminated with feces or urine, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewater Water which has a higher salinity than fresh water but a lower salinity than marine water. EcoLexicon:brackish_water LTER:702 SPIRE:Brackish_water SWEETRealm:BrackishWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brackish_water envoPolar brackish water A habitat having at least one environmental quality that tends towards either the largest or smallest element of the set. The physical or geochemical extreme conditions found in an extreme habitat are often detrimental to the majority of life on Earth. ENVO ENVO:00002020 obsolete extreme habitat true A habitat having at least one environmental quality that tends towards either the largest or smallest element of the set. The physical or geochemical extreme conditions found in an extreme habitat are often detrimental to the majority of life on Earth. NM:nm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile#Types_of_extremophiles A habitat in which the pH is <pH3. Inhabited by acidophilic organisms. ENVO:01000315 ENVO ENVO:00002021 obsolete acid habitat true A habitat in which the pH is <pH3. Inhabited by acidophilic organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile#Types_of_extremophiles A habitat in which the pH is >pH9. Inhabited by alkaliphilic organisms. ENVO:01000316 ENVO ENVO:00002022 obsolete alkaline habitat true A habitat in which the pH is >pH9. Inhabited by alkaliphilic organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile#Types_of_extremophiles A habitat characterized by high gas or liquid pressure, inhabited by barophilic (piezophilic) organisms. ENVO:01000304 ENVO ENVO:00002023 obsolete high pressure habitat true A habitat characterized by high gas or liquid pressure, inhabited by barophilic (piezophilic) organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile#Types_of_extremophiles A habitat characterized by a concentration of salt at least 2M. Inhabited by halophilic organisms. ENVO:01000310 ENVO ENVO:00002024 obsolete haline habitat true A habitat characterized by a concentration of salt at least 2M. Inhabited by halophilic organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile#Types_of_extremophiles A habitat characterized by an average temperature of at least 60deg C. Inhabited by thermophilic organisms. ENVO:01000305 ENVO ENVO:00002025 obsolete high temperature habitat true A habitat characterized by an average temperature of at least 60deg C. Inhabited by thermophilic organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile#Types_of_extremophiles A habitat characterized by an average temperature of 15deg C or lower. Inhabited by psychrophilic (cryophilic) organisms. ENVO:01000309 ENVO ENVO:00002026 obsolete cold temperature habitat true A habitat characterized by an average temperature of 15deg C or lower. Inhabited by psychrophilic (cryophilic) organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile#Types_of_extremophiles A habitat characterized by an average temperature of at least 80deg C. Inhabited by hyperthermophilic organisms. ENVO:01000318 ENVO ENVO:00002027 obsolete extreme high temperature habitat true A habitat characterized by an average temperature of at least 80deg C. Inhabited by hyperthermophilic organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile#Types_of_extremophiles A habitat characterized by a high osmolarity, typically the result of a high concentration of sugars. Inhabited by osmophilic organisms. ENVO:01000314 ENVO ENVO:00002028 obsolete high osmolarity habitat true A habitat characterized by a high osmolarity, typically the result of a high concentration of sugars. Inhabited by osmophilic organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile#Types_of_extremophiles ENVO:01000308 ENVO ENVO:00002029 obsolete extraterrestial habitat true LTER:41 ENVO ENVO:00002030 aquatic biome A habitat that is in or on an environmental feature or material derived from human activity. ENVO ENVO:00002031 obsolete anthropogenic habitat true A habitat that is in or on an environmental feature or material derived from human activity. NM:nm A habitat that is in or on a living thing. ENVO:01001000 ENVO ENVO:00002032 obsolete organism-associated habitat true A habitat that is in or on a living thing. NM:nm The dead body of an animal. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcass corpse carcass The dead body of an animal. MA:ma A complex aggregation of microorganisms marked by the excretion of a protective and adhesive matrix; usually adhering to a substratum. EcoLexicon:biofilm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilm ENVO ENVO:00002034 biofilm A complex aggregation of microorganisms marked by the excretion of a protective and adhesive matrix; usually adhering to a substratum. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilm A natural object originating in outer space that survives an impact with a planetary surface without being destroyed. SWEETRealm:Meteorite https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorite ENVO ENVO:00002035 meteorite A natural object originating in outer space that survives an impact with a planetary surface without being destroyed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorite A spatial region having environmental qualities which may sustain an organism or a community of organisms. ENVO:01000739 EcoLexicon:habitat LTER:238 SWEETRealm:Habitat https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat ENVO biotope ENVO:00002036 This class is under development and its definition will be revised and its subclasses may be made obsolete. A habitat's specificity to a species or population will differentiate it from other environment classes. obsolete habitat true A spatial region having environmental qualities which may sustain an organism or a community of organisms. EnvO:EnvO A habitat that is in or on a body of water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids (<0.5 grams dissolved salts per litre). ENVO:01000306 ENVO ENVO:00002037 obsolete freshwater habitat true A habitat that is in or on a body of water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids (<0.5 grams dissolved salts per litre). NM:nm ENVO:00000446 WWF major habitat type ENVO ENVO:00002038 This grouping class is now obsolete. A subset for wwfBiome classes now gathers all WWF biome classes. obsolete WWF biome true The rigid organs that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. UBERON:0001474 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone ENVO ENVO:00002039 obsolete bone true The rigid organs that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone EcoLexicon:wood LTER:637 SWEETRealm:Wood https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood ENVO ENVO:00002040 wood EcoLexicon:groundwater LTER:235 SWEETRealm:Groundwater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_water ENVO ENVO:00002041 ground water Water that is found on the surface of an astronomical object. surface water Water that is found on the surface of an astronomical object. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_water EcoLexicon:wastewater_treatment_plant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewater_treatment_plant ENVO ENVO:00002043 wastewater treatment plant The residual semi-solid material left from domestic or industrial processes, or wastewater treatment processes. EcoLexicon:sludge https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sludge ENVO ENVO:00002044 sludge The residual semi-solid material left from domestic or industrial processes, or wastewater treatment processes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sludge Sediment characterised by the absence of oxygen. anoxic sediment ENVO ENVO:00002045 envoPolar anaerobic sediment Sediment characterised by the absence of oxygen. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 EcoLexicon:active_sludge https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_sludge ENVO ENVO:00002046 activated sludge An excreta material which is composed primarily of urine, a liquid excreta containing water and waste products made by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urine ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. urine material An excreta material which is composed primarily of urine, a liquid excreta containing water and waste products made by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra. MA:ma URL:http://www.stjude.org/stjude/hospital/med_terms.jsp A stony meteorite that have not been modified due to melting or differentiation of the parent body. SWEETRealm:Chondrite https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrite ENVO ENVO:00002048 chondrite A stony meteorite that have not been modified due to melting or differentiation of the parent body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrite https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stony_meteorite ENVO ENVO:00002049 stony meteorite A stony meteorite that is made of material similar to terrestrial basalts or plutonic rocks. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achondrite ENVO ENVO:00002050 achondrite A stony meteorite that is made of material similar to terrestrial basalts or plutonic rocks. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achondrite A meteorite that consists of a mixture of iron-nickel metal and silicate minerals. ENVO ENVO:00002051 stony-iron meteorite A meteorite that consists of a mixture of iron-nickel metal and silicate minerals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorite#Meteorite_types A meteorite that overwhelmingly of nickel-iron alloys. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_meteorite ENVO ENVO:00002052 iron meteorite A meteorite that overwhelmingly of nickel-iron alloys. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_meteorite A sedimentary rock composed largely of the mineral calcite. EcoLexicon:limestone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limestone ENVO ENVO:00002053 limestone A sedimentary rock composed largely of the mineral calcite. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limestone A soft, white, porous limestone. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalk ENVO ENVO:00002054 chalk A soft, white, porous limestone. MA:ma A sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock grains. EcoLexicon:sandstone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandstone ENVO ENVO:00002055 sandstone A sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock grains. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandstone A fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. It is characterized by thin laminae breaking with an irregular curving fracture, often splintery and usually parallel to the often-indistinguishable bedding plane. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale ENVO ENVO:00002056 shale A fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. It is characterized by thin laminae breaking with an irregular curving fracture, often splintery and usually parallel to the often-indistinguishable bedding plane. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale ENVO ENVO:00002057 raw primary sludge ENVO ENVO:00002058 secondary sludge A treated form of sludge, sometimes used as a fertilizer in agriculture. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosolids ENVO ENVO:00002059 biosolids A treated form of sludge, sometimes used as a fertilizer in agriculture. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sludge A solid or gel in motor oil caused by the oil gelling or solidifying, usually at temperatures lower than 100deg C. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_sludge ENVO ENVO:00002060 oil sludge A solid or gel in motor oil caused by the oil gelling or solidifying, usually at temperatures lower than 100deg C. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_sludge The result of the unintentional release of liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment as a result of human activity. SWEETRealm:OilSpill https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_spill ENVO ENVO:00002061 oil spill The result of the unintentional release of liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment as a result of human activity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_spill OBSOLETE. ENVO:00002985 MA:ma ENVO ENVO:00002062 Deleted due to multiple occurence of the same term. obsolete oil true OBSOLETE. MA:ma The result of the release of natural hydrocarbons to the surface of the earth, including beneath the sea, by natural geological processes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_seep ENVO methane seep petroleam seep ENVO:00002063 oil seep The result of the release of natural hydrocarbons to the surface of the earth, including beneath the sea, by natural geological processes. MA:ma ENVO ENVO:00002112 gold mine drainage Sediment that accumulates in the flat or very gently sloping areas of the deep ocean basin floor. The three main types of deep marine sediment, also known as pelagic sediment, are siliceous oozes, calcareous oozes, and red clays. EcoLexicon:marine_sediment EcoLexicon:marine_sedimentation SWEETRealm:MarineSediment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_sediment deep marine sediments ENVO pelagic sediment {alternative name} ENVO:00002113 envoPolar deep marine sediment Sediment that accumulates in the flat or very gently sloping areas of the deep ocean basin floor. The three main types of deep marine sediment, also known as pelagic sediment, are siliceous oozes, calcareous oozes, and red clays. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_sediment#_note-8 ENVO ENVO:00002114 contaminated sediment ENVO ENVO:00002115 petroleum contaminated sediment A portion of contaminated soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of some contaminant. ENVO ENVO:00002116 "contaminant" is more of a disposition - any material entity can be a contaminant in particular circumstances. contaminated soil ENVO ENVO:00002117 creosote contaminated soil ENVO ENVO:00002118 sea sand A hot spring whose water has an alkaline pH. alkaline hot spring A hot spring whose water has an alkaline pH. MA:ma A hot spring whose water has an acidic pH. acidic hot spring ENVO ENVO:00002120 acid hot spring A hot spring whose water has an acidic pH. MA:ma ENVO soda lake ENVO:00002121 alkaline salt lake Mud which has elevated concentrations of arsenic. arsenic-rich mud EcoLexicon:bioreactor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioreactor ENVO ENVO:00002123 bioreactor ENVO ENVO:00002124 anaerobic bioreactor A device or system that supports a biologically active environment. A vessel in which is carried out a chemical process which involves organisms or biochemically active substances derived from such organisms. This process can either be aerobic or anaerobic. ENVO ENVO:00002125 anaerobic dechlorinating bioreactor A device or system that supports a biologically active environment. A vessel in which is carried out a chemical process which involves organisms or biochemically active substances derived from such organisms. This process can either be aerobic or anaerobic. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioreactor ENVO ENVO:00002126 aerobic bioreactor ENVO ENVO:00002127 Revise adjacent to. Consider sampled stream sediment. Dry stream sediment. stream sediment ENVO ENVO:00002128 mesophilic sulfur spring ENVO ENVO:00002129 anaerobic sludge The dense, bottom layer of water in a thermally-stratified lake. It is the layer that lies below the thermocline. EcoLexicon:hypolimnion hypolimnion The dense, bottom layer of water in a thermally-stratified lake. It is the layer that lies below the thermocline. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypolimnion The top-most layer in a thermally stratified lake, occurring above the deeper hypolimnion. It is warmer and typically has a higher pH and dissolved oxygen concentration than the hypolimnion. EcoLexicon:epilimnion_ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epilimnion epilimnion The top-most layer in a thermally stratified lake, occurring above the deeper hypolimnion. It is warmer and typically has a higher pH and dissolved oxygen concentration than the hypolimnion. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epilimnion The layer within a body of water or air where the temperature changes rapidly with depth. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalimnion ENVO ENVO:00002132 Especially used in connection with lakes. metalimnion The layer within a body of water or air where the temperature changes rapidly with depth. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalimnion Mud which has no or neglible concentrations of dissolved oxygen. anoxic mud anaerobic mud ENVO ENVO:00002134 anaerobic stream sediment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treated_wood ENVO ENVO:00002135 treated wood ENVO ENVO:00002136 arsenate treated wood An estuary which is composed primarily of brackish water. brackish estuary ENVO ENVO:00002138 beach sand A clastic rock with a particle size of 4 to 64 millimeters based on the Krumbein phi scale of sedimentology. EcoLexicon:pebble SWEETRealm:Pebble https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pebble ENVO ENVO:00002139 pebble A clastic rock with a particle size of 4 to 64 millimeters based on the Krumbein phi scale of sedimentology. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pebble A rock or rock fragment with a particle size between 64 and 256 mm. EcoLexicon:cobble SWEETRealm:Cobble cobble A rock or rock fragment with a particle size between 64 and 256 mm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobble The liquid produced when water percolates through any permeable material. It can contain either dissolved or suspended material, or usually both. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leachate ENVO ENVO:00002141 leachate The liquid produced when water percolates through any permeable material. It can contain either dissolved or suspended material, or usually both. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leachate ENVO ENVO:00002142 borax leachate calcite hot spring ENVO ENVO:00002144 cave wall ENVO ENVO:00002145 chromate contaminated soil ENVO ENVO:00002146 xylene contaminated soil Coal mine lake sediment is lake sediment which covers the bottom of a coal mine lake. coal mine lake sediment ENVO ENVO:00002148 coarse beach sand Water which has physicochemical properties that have been determined by the processes occuring in a sea or ocean. When we have more classes representing the various processes which make seawater seawater, we can further axiomatise this class. EcoLexicon:sea_water LTER:701 SWEETRealm:SeaWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_water ocean water seawater This definition refers to water that is actually in a sea or ocean. This water may have a wide range of salinity levels. sea water Coastal sea water is sea water that is adjacent to a coast. coastal water coastal ocean water coastal oceanic water coastal seawater envoPolar The limits of what qualifies as "adjacent to" vary greatly. This should be defined on a data level and is left intentionally fuzzy here. The label is "coastal sea water" rather than "coastal water" as some large lakes are often said to have coasts. coastal sea water ENVO:00002149 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_water ENVO ENVO:00002151 obsolete ocean water true https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilter ENVO ENVO:00002152 biofilter ENVO ENVO:00002153 compost biofilter ENVO ENVO:00002154 radioactive sediment ENVO ENVO:00002155 high-level radioactive sediment A highly contaminated site designated by the United States of America's Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superfund_Site ENVO ENVO:00002156 Superfund site A highly contaminated site designated by the United States of America's Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superfund_site ENVO ENVO:00002157 stromatolite mat ENVO ENVO:00002158 ditch water ENVO ENVO:00002159 drilling bore water Mud which is part of an estuary. estuarine mud FOODON:00001003 ENVO ENVO:00002161 obsolete fermented agave juice true FOODON:00001004 ENVO ENVO:00002162 obsolete fermenting sugar cane juice true FOODON:00001005 ENVO ENVO:00002163 obsolete fermenting Elaeis Palm sap true The mineralized or otherwise preserved remains or traces (such as footprints) of animals, plants, and other organisms. SWEETRealm:Fossil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil ENVO fossil The mineralized or otherwise preserved remains or traces (such as footprints) of animals, plants, and other organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil FOODON:00001006 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat ENVO ENVO:00002165 obsolete meat food product true FOODON:00001007 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sausage ENVO ENVO:00002166 obsolete sausage true ENVO ENVO:00002167 platinum mine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_mine ENVO ENVO:00002168 gold mine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mine ENVO ENVO:00002169 coal mine The aerobically decomposed remnants of organic materials. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compost ENVO ENVO:00002170 compost The aerobically decomposed remnants of organic materials. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compost ENVO ENVO:00002171 hay compost FOODON:00001008 ENVO ENVO:00002172 obsolete liver paste true A hospital is a building in which health care services are provided by specialized staff and equipment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital ENVO ENVO:00002173 hospital A hospital is a building in which health care services are provided by specialized staff and equipment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital FOODON:00001009 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_dog ENVO ENVO:00002174 obsolete hot dog true FOODON:00001010 ENVO prepared meat product ENVO:00002175 obsolete processed meat product true ENVO ENVO:00002176 contaminated sludge ENVO ENVO:00002177 1,4-dioxane contaminated sludge A zone within a portion of petroleum contaminated sediment within which iron-reducing processes occur. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO ENVO:00002178 iron-reducing zone of petroleum contaminated sediment ENVO ENVO:00002179 intertidal sediment ENVO ENVO:00002180 naphthalene contaminated sediment A hot spring whose water has a neutral pH. ENVO ENVO:00002181 neutral hot spring A hot spring whose water has a neutral pH. MA:ma ENVO ENVO:00002182 nitrobenzene contaminated sediment A manufactured container within which oil or other petrochemical products are stored and which these products are usually transported to end users or further storage facilities. ENVO ENVO:00002183 Consider using http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000967 as a super-class oil tank A manufactured container within which oil or other petrochemical products are stored and which these products are usually transported to end users or further storage facilities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_terminal ENVO ENVO:00002184 underground physiographic feature https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_reservoir ENVO ENVO:00002185 oil reservoir EcoLexicon:water_pollution https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contaminated_water polluted water ENVO ENVO:00002186 contaminated water FOODON:00001011 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk_formula ENVO ENVO:00002187 obsolete milk formula true FOODON:00001012 ENVO ENVO:00002188 obsolete powdered milk formula true FOODON:00001013 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese ENVO ENVO:00002189 obsolete cheese product true FOODON:00001014 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogurt yoghourt yoghurt yougert ENVO ENVO:00002190 obsolete yogurt true Straw or other material strewn in an animal's enclosure (e.g. a stable) for it to sleep on and to absorb its faeces and urine. animal litter Straw or other material strewn in an animal's enclosure (e.g. a stable) for it to sleep on and to absorb its faeces and urine. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litter_%28disambiguation%29 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poultry_litter ENVO ENVO:00002192 poultry litter ENVO ENVO:00002193 pulp-bleaching waste water ENVO ENVO:00002194 oil field production water ENVO ENVO:00002195 pyritic acid mine drainage An aquarium is a vivarium which simulates the submerged portions of an aquatic environment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquarium ENVO ENVO:00002196 aquarium An aquarium is a vivarium which simulates the submerged portions of an aquatic environment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivarium A saline water aquarium is an aquarium which contains saline water as its primary ecological medium. ENVO salt water aquarium ENVO:00002197 saline water aquarium A fresh water aquarium is an aquarium which contains fresh water as its primary ecological medium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresh_water_aquarium ENVO ENVO:00002198 fresh water aquarium ENVO ENVO:00002199 sandy beach A frozen portion of sea water. SWEETRealm:SeaIce https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice envoPolar sea ice ENVO ENVO:00002201 cis-dichloroethane contaminated sediment ENVO ENVO:00002202 organically contaminated sediment ENVO ENVO:00002203 inorganically contaminated sediment ENVO ENVO:00002204 anthropogenic contamination feature ENVO ENVO:00002205 unexploded-ordnance dump coal mine waste ENVO coal refuse ENVO:00002206 coal mine waste material self-heating coal mine waste ENVO ENVO:00002207 self-heating coal mine waste material Saline lake sediment is sediment which covers the bottom of a saline lake. soda lake sediment saline lake sediment ENVO ENVO:00002210 sulfide-oxidizing bioreactor ENVO ENVO:00002211 thermophilic anaerobic methanogenic reactor ENVO ENVO:00002212 thermophilic granular sludge ENVO ENVO:00002213 anaerobic sludge blanket reactor A power plant is a building which contains one or more generators which convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through the relative motion between a magnetic field and a conductor. The energy source harnessed to turn the generator varies widely. SWEETRealm:PowerPlant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_plant generating plant generating station power station powerhouse ENVO ENVO:00002214 power plant A power plant is a building which contains one or more generators which convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through the relative motion between a magnetic field and a conductor. The energy source harnessed to turn the generator varies widely. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_station A geothermal power plant is a power plant which uses heat generated by the decay of radioactive isotopes in the Earth's mantle and crust as well as primordial heat left over from the formation of the Earth to drive its generators. SWEETRealm:GeothermalPowerPlant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_power_plant ENVO ENVO:00002215 geothermal power plant A geothermal power plant is a power plant which uses heat generated by the decay of radioactive isotopes in the Earth's mantle and crust as well as primordial heat left over from the formation of the Earth to drive its generators. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_internal_heat_budget https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_energy Currently, this is limited to the Viridiplantae. This may be changed. FOODON:00001015 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetable ENVO ENVO:00002216 obsolete plant food product true FOODON:00001016 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabbage ENVO ENVO:00002217 obsolete cabbage product true FOODON:00001017 ENVO ENVO:00002218 obsolete commercial yogurt true FOODON:00001018 ENVO ENVO:00002219 obsolete cheese starter culture true ENVO ENVO:00002220 obsolete cheese spoilage true A building in which a business presents a selection of goods and offers to trade or sell them to customers for money or other goods. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping retail shop retail store retailer shop A building in which a business presents a selection of goods and offers to trade or sell them to customers for money or other goods. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping A shop in which a business offers food products for sale or trade. ENVO ENVO:00002222 Whether food is the primary product offered by the business or simply one of the products it offers is not specified in this class. food shop Water with a very low nutrient level. ENVO ENVO:00002223 oligotrophic water Water with a very low nutrient level. MA:ma Water with a high nutrient level. eutrophic water Water with a high nutrient level. MA:ma Water with a nutrient level intermediate between eutrophic and oligotrophic. ENVO ENVO:00002225 mesotrophic water Water with a nutrient level intermediate between eutrophic and oligotrophic. MA:ma SWEETRealm:Borehole https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borehole borehole A habitat that is in or on a body of water containing medium to high concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids (>=0.5 grams dissolved salts per litre). ENVO:01000307 salt water habitat ENVO ENVO:00002227 obsolete saline water habitat true A habitat that is in or on a body of water containing medium to high concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids (>=0.5 grams dissolved salts per litre). NM:nm ENVO ENVO:00002228 pond water Arenosols are sandy soils, including both soils developed in residual sands after in situ weathering of usually quartz-rich sediments or rock, and soils developed in recently deposited sands such as dunes in deserts and beach lands. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arenosol psamment sandy soil ENVO ENVO:00002229 arenosol Arenosols are sandy soils, including both soils developed in residual sands after in situ weathering of usually quartz-rich sediments or rock, and soils developed in recently deposited sands such as dunes in deserts and beach lands. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf sandy soil ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 Anthrosols comprise soils that have been modified profoundly through human activities, such as addition of organic materials or household wastes, irrigation and cultivation. ENVO ENVO:00002230 anthrosol Anthrosols comprise soils that have been modified profoundly through human activities, such as addition of organic materials or household wastes, irrigation and cultivation. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Alisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Alisols have a low base saturation at certain depths and high-activity clays throughout the argic horizon. They lack the albeluvic tonguing as in Albeluvisols. They occur predominantly in humid tropical, humid subtropical and warm temperate regions. ENVO ENVO:00002231 alisol Alisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Alisols have a low base saturation at certain depths and high-activity clays throughout the argic horizon. They lack the albeluvic tonguing as in Albeluvisols. They occur predominantly in humid tropical, humid subtropical and warm temperate regions. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Andosols are soils that develop in volcanic ejecta or glasses under almost any climate (except under hyperarid climate conditions). However, Andosols may also develop in other silicate-rich materials under acid weathering in humid and perhumid climates. ENVO ENVO:00002232 andosol Andosols are soils that develop in volcanic ejecta or glasses under almost any climate (except under hyperarid climate conditions). However, Andosols may also develop in other silicate-rich materials under acid weathering in humid and perhumid climates. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Albeluvisols are soils that have, beginning within 1 m of the soil surface, a clay illuviation horizon with an irregular or broken upper boundary resulting in tonguing of bleached soil material into the illuviation horizon. ENVO ENVO:00002233 albeluvisol Albeluvisols are soils that have, beginning within 1 m of the soil surface, a clay illuviation horizon with an irregular or broken upper boundary resulting in tonguing of bleached soil material into the illuviation horizon. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Acrisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Acrisols have in certain depths a low base saturation and low-activity clays. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrisol ENVO ENVO:00002234 acrisol Acrisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Acrisols have in certain depths a low base saturation and low-activity clays. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Cambisols combine soils with at least an incipient subsurface soil formation. Transformation of parent material is evident from structure formation and mostly brownish discoloration, increasing clay percentage, and/or carbonate removal. cambisol Cambisols combine soils with at least an incipient subsurface soil formation. Transformation of parent material is evident from structure formation and mostly brownish discoloration, increasing clay percentage, and/or carbonate removal. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Cryosols comprise mineral soils formed in a permafrost environment. Where water is present, it occurs primarily in the form of ice. Cryogenic processes are the dominant soil-forming processes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryosol ENVO gelisol ENVO:00002236 envoPolar cryosol Cryosols comprise mineral soils formed in a permafrost environment. Where water is present, it occurs primarily in the form of ice. Cryogenic processes are the dominant soil-forming processes. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Chernozems are soils with a thick black surface layer that is rich in organic matter. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernozem ENVO black earth boroll ENVO:00002237 chernozem Chernozems are soils with a thick black surface layer that is rich in organic matter. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Durisols are associated mainly with old surfaces in arid and semi-arid environments and accommodate very shallow to moderately deep, moderately well- to well-drained soils that contain cemented secondary silica (SiO2) within 100 cm of the soil surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durisol ENVO ENVO:00002238 durisol Durisols are associated mainly with old surfaces in arid and semi-arid environments and accommodate very shallow to moderately deep, moderately well- to well-drained soils that contain cemented secondary silica (SiO2) within 100 cm of the soil surface. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Calcisols are soils in which there is substantial secondary accumulation of lime. Calcisols are common in highly calcareous parent materials and widespread in arid and semi-arid environments. ENVO ENVO:00002239 calcisol Calcisols are soils in which there is substantial secondary accumulation of lime. Calcisols are common in highly calcareous parent materials and widespread in arid and semi-arid environments. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Kastanozems are dry grassland soils, among them the zonal soils of the short-grass steppe belt, south of the Eurasian tall-grass steppe belt with Chernozems. Kastanozems have a similar profile to that of Chernozems but the humus-rich surface horizon is thinner and not as dark as that of the Chernozems and they show more prominent accumulation of secondary carbonates. ENVO ENVO:00002240 kastanozem Kastanozems are dry grassland soils, among them the zonal soils of the short-grass steppe belt, south of the Eurasian tall-grass steppe belt with Chernozems. Kastanozems have a similar profile to that of Chernozems but the humus-rich surface horizon is thinner and not as dark as that of the Chernozems and they show more prominent accumulation of secondary carbonates. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Leptosols are very shallow soils over continuous rock and soils that are extremely gravelly and/or stony. Leptosols are azonal soils and particularly common in mountainous regions. gravelly soil stony soil leptosol Leptosols are very shallow soils over continuous rock and soils that are extremely gravelly and/or stony. Leptosols are azonal soils and particularly common in mountainous regions. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Lixisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Lixisols have a high base saturation and low-activity clays at certain depths. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lixisol ENVO ENVO:00002242 lixisol Lixisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Lixisols have a high base saturation and low-activity clays at certain depths. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Histosols comprise soils formed in organic material. These vary from soils developed in predominantly moss peat in boreal, arctic and subarctic regions, via moss peat, reeds/ sedge peat (fen) and forest peat in temperate regions to mangrove peat and swamp forest peat in the humid tropics. Histosols are found at all altitudes, but the vast majority occurs in lowlands. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histosol ENVO ENVO:00002243 histosol Histosols comprise soils formed in organic material. These vary from soils developed in predominantly moss peat in boreal, arctic and subarctic regions, via moss peat, reeds/ sedge peat (fen) and forest peat in temperate regions to mangrove peat and swamp forest peat in the humid tropics. Histosols are found at all altitudes, but the vast majority occurs in lowlands. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Gleysols are wetland soils that, unless drained, are saturated with groundwater for long enough periods to develop a characteristic gleyic colour pattern. This pattern is essentially made up of reddish, brownish or yellowish colours at ped surfaces and/or in the upper soil layer or layers, in combination with greyish/bluish colours inside the peds and/or deeper in the soil. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gleysol ENVO gley soil ENVO:00002244 gleysol Gleysols are wetland soils that, unless drained, are saturated with groundwater for long enough periods to develop a characteristic gleyic colour pattern. This pattern is essentially made up of reddish, brownish or yellowish colours at ped surfaces and/or in the upper soil layer or layers, in combination with greyish/bluish colours inside the peds and/or deeper in the soil. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Gypsisols are soils with substantial secondary accumulation of gypsum (calcium sulfate). These soils are found in the driest parts of the arid climate zone. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsisol ENVO ENVO:00002245 gypsisol Gypsisols are soils with substantial secondary accumulation of gypsum (calcium sulfate). These soils are found in the driest parts of the arid climate zone. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Ferralsols represent the classical, deeply weathered, red or yellow soils of the humid tropics. These soils have diffuse horizon boundaries, a clay assemblage dominated by low-activity clays (mainly kaolinite) and a high content of sesquioxides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferralsol ENVO oxisol ENVO:00002246 ferralsol Ferralsols represent the classical, deeply weathered, red or yellow soils of the humid tropics. These soils have diffuse horizon boundaries, a clay assemblage dominated by low-activity clays (mainly kaolinite) and a high content of sesquioxides. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Nitisols are deep, well-drained, red, tropical soils with diffuse horizon boundaries and a subsurface horizon with more than 30 percent clay and moderate to strong angular blocky structure elements that easily fall apart into characteristic shiny, polyhedric (nutty) elements. Weathering is relatively advanced but Nitisols are far more productive than most other red, tropical soils. nitisol Nitisols are deep, well-drained, red, tropical soils with diffuse horizon boundaries and a subsurface horizon with more than 30 percent clay and moderate to strong angular blocky structure elements that easily fall apart into characteristic shiny, polyhedric (nutty) elements. Weathering is relatively advanced but Nitisols are far more productive than most other red, tropical soils. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Luvisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Luvisols have high-activity clays throughout the argic horizon and a high base saturation at certain depths. luvisol Luvisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Luvisols have high-activity clays throughout the argic horizon and a high base saturation at certain depths. http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Phaeozems accommodate soils of relatively wet grassland and forest regions in moderately continental climates. Phaeozems are much like Chernozems and Kastanozems but are leached more intensively. Consequently, they have dark, humus rich surface horizons that, in comparison with Chernozems and Kastanozems, are less rich in bases. Phaeozems may or may not have secondary carbonates but have a high base saturation in the upper metre of the soil. ENVO ENVO:00002249 phaeozem Phaeozems accommodate soils of relatively wet grassland and forest regions in moderately continental climates. Phaeozems are much like Chernozems and Kastanozems but are leached more intensively. Consequently, they have dark, humus rich surface horizons that, in comparison with Chernozems and Kastanozems, are less rich in bases. Phaeozems may or may not have secondary carbonates but have a high base saturation in the upper metre of the soil. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Plinthosols are soils with plinthite, petroplinthite or pisoliths. Plinthite is an Fe-rich (in some cases also Mn-rich), humus-poor mixture of kaolinitic clay (and other products of strong weathering such as gibbsite) with quartz and other constituents that changes irreversibly to a layer with hard nodules, a hardpan or irregular aggregates on exposure to repeated wetting and drying. Petroplinthite is a continuous, fractured or broken sheet of connected, strongly cemented to indurated nodules or mottles. Pisoliths are discrete strongly cemented to indurated nodules. Both petroplinthite and pisoliths develop from plinthite by hardening. ENVO ENVO:00002250 plinthosol Plinthosols are soils with plinthite, petroplinthite or pisoliths. Plinthite is an Fe-rich (in some cases also Mn-rich), humus-poor mixture of kaolinitic clay (and other products of strong weathering such as gibbsite) with quartz and other constituents that changes irreversibly to a layer with hard nodules, a hardpan or irregular aggregates on exposure to repeated wetting and drying. Petroplinthite is a continuous, fractured or broken sheet of connected, strongly cemented to indurated nodules or mottles. Pisoliths are discrete strongly cemented to indurated nodules. Both petroplinthite and pisoliths develop from plinthite by hardening. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Planosols are soils with a light-coloured, surface horizon that shows signs of periodic water stagnation and abruptly overlies a dense, slowly permeable subsoil with significantly more clay than the surface horizon. ENVO ENVO:00002251 planosol Planosols are soils with a light-coloured, surface horizon that shows signs of periodic water stagnation and abruptly overlies a dense, slowly permeable subsoil with significantly more clay than the surface horizon. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Solonchaks are soils that have a high concentration of soluble salts at some time in the year. Solonchaks are largely confined to the arid and semi-arid climate zones and to coastal regions in all climates. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solonchak ENVO ENVO:00002252 solonchak Solonchaks are soils that have a high concentration of soluble salts at some time in the year. Solonchaks are largely confined to the arid and semi-arid climate zones and to coastal regions in all climates. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Umbrisols are soils in which organic matter has accumulated within the mineral surface soil (in most cases with low base saturation) to the extent that it significantly affects the behaviour and utilization of the soil. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbrisol ENVO ENVO:00002253 umbrisol Umbrisols are soils in which organic matter has accumulated within the mineral surface soil (in most cases with low base saturation) to the extent that it significantly affects the behaviour and utilization of the soil. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf A soil in which there is a high content of expansive clay known as montmorillonite that forms deep cracks in drier seasons or years. Alternate shrinking and swelling causes self-mulching, where the soil material consistently mixes itself, causing vertisols to have an extremely deep A horizon and no B horizon. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertisol ENVO ENVO:00002254 vertisol A soil in which there is a high content of expansive clay known as montmorillonite that forms deep cracks in drier seasons or years. Alternate shrinking and swelling causes self-mulching, where the soil material consistently mixes itself, causing vertisols to have an extremely deep A horizon and no B horizon. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertisol Solonetz are soils with a dense, strongly structured, clayey subsurface horizon that has a high proportion of adsorbed Na and/or Mg ions. Solonetz that contain free soda (Na2CO3) are strongly alkaline (field pH > 8.5). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solonetz ENVO ENVO:00002255 solonetz Solonetz are soils with a dense, strongly structured, clayey subsurface horizon that has a high proportion of adsorbed Na and/or Mg ions. Solonetz that contain free soda (Na2CO3) are strongly alkaline (field pH > 8.5). FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Regosols form a taxonomic remnant group containing all soils that could not be accommodated in any of the other RSGs. In practice, Regosols are very weakly developed mineral soils in unconsolidated materials that do not have a mollic or umbric horizon, are not very shallow or very rich in gravels (Leptosols), sandy (Arenosols) or with fluvic materials (Fluvisols). Regosols are extensive in eroding lands, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas and in mountainous terrain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regosol ENVO ENVO:00002256 regosol Regosols form a taxonomic remnant group containing all soils that could not be accommodated in any of the other RSGs. In practice, Regosols are very weakly developed mineral soils in unconsolidated materials that do not have a mollic or umbric horizon, are not very shallow or very rich in gravels (Leptosols), sandy (Arenosols) or with fluvic materials (Fluvisols). Regosols are extensive in eroding lands, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas and in mountainous terrain. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Podzols are soils with a typically ash-grey upper subsurface horizon, bleached by loss of organic matter and iron oxides, on top of a dark accumulation horizon with brown, reddish or black illuviated humus and/or reddish Fe compounds. Podzols occur in humid areas in the boreal and temperate zones and locally also in the tropics. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podzol podsol podosolic soil podzol Podzols are soils with a typically ash-grey upper subsurface horizon, bleached by loss of organic matter and iron oxides, on top of a dark accumulation horizon with brown, reddish or black illuviated humus and/or reddish Fe compounds. Podzols occur in humid areas in the boreal and temperate zones and locally also in the tropics. http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf A soil composed of sand, silt, and clay in relatively even concentration (about 40-40-20% concentration respectively). EcoLexicon:loam SWEETRealm:Loam https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loam loam A soil composed of sand, silt, and clay in relatively even concentration (about 40-40-20% concentration respectively). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loam ENVO ENVO:00002259 agricultural soil ENVO ENVO:00002260 dune soil A portion of soil which is found in a forested area. forest soil ENVO ENVO:00002262 clay soil A portion of soil which is found in a garden. garden soil A material which is not the desired output of a process and which is typically the input of a process which removes it from its producer (e.g. a disposal process). This seems more like a role than a material. Anything can be waste. Thus, a "waste" role or disposition will be created and this class can then be populated by inference: any environmental material which has [role,disposition] waste will be considered a waste material. EcoLexicon:waste SWEETRealm:Waste https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste ENVO ENVO:00002264 waste material Wastewater produced in the course of agricultural activities ENVO:01000371 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_waste ENVO ENVO:00002265 obsolete agricultural waste true Wastewater produced in the course of agricultural activities https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_wastewater_treatment chicken breeding waste ENVO chicken yard waste ENVO:00002266 chicken breeding waste material Industrial wastes are liquid, solid and gaseous wastes originating from the manufacture of specific products. This will become a defined class, with subclasses added through inference based on material having a 'waste role' and being associated with industrial entities. industrial waste ENVO ENVO:00002267 industrial waste material Industrial wastes are liquid, solid and gaseous wastes originating from the manufacture of specific products. Glossary of Environment Statistics, Studies in Methods, Series F, No. 67, United Nations, New York, 1997. http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=1340 A peatland dominated by species of the Bryophyte Sphagnum. ENVO ENVO:00002268 sphagnum bog A peatland dominated by species of the Bryophyte Sphagnum. MA:ma A layer within a fluid where the temperature changes rapidly with depth. EcoLexicon:thermocline SWEETRealm:Thermocline https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermocline ENVO ENVO:00002269 thermocline A layer within a fluid where the temperature changes rapidly with depth. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermocline A layer within a fluid where the chemical composition changes rapidly with depth. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemocline ENVO ENVO:00002270 envoPolar chemocline A layer within a fluid where the chemical composition changes rapidly with depth. MA:ma A nuclear power plant is a power plant which uses heat generated by a radioactive decay in a nuclear reactor to convert water into steam in order to drive turbines in electrical generators through pressure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant ENVO ENVO:00002271 nuclear power plant A nuclear power plant is a power plant which uses heat generated by a radioactive decay in a nuclear reactor to convert water into steam in order to drive turbines in electrical generators through pressure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant WWTP waste treatment plant Fluvisols accommodate genetically young, azonal soils in alluvial deposits. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluvisols ENVO ENVO:00002273 fluvisol Fluvisols accommodate genetically young, azonal soils in alluvial deposits. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Stagnosols are soils with a perched water table showing redoximorphic features caused by surface water. Stagnosols are periodically wet and mottled in the topsoil and subsoil, with or without concretions and/or bleaching. ENVO ENVO:00002274 stagnosol Stagnosols are soils with a perched water table showing redoximorphic features caused by surface water. Stagnosols are periodically wet and mottled in the topsoil and subsoil, with or without concretions and/or bleaching. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Technosols are soils whose properties and pedogenesis are dominated by their technical origin. They contain a significant amount of artefacts (something in the soil recognizably made or extracted from the earth by humans), or are sealed by technic hard rock (material created by humans, having properties unlike natural rock). They include soils from wastes (landfills, sludge, cinders, mine spoils and ashes), pavements with their underlying unconsolidated materials, soils with geomembranes and constructed soils in human-made materials. ENVO ENVO:00002275 technosol Technosols are soils whose properties and pedogenesis are dominated by their technical origin. They contain a significant amount of artefacts (something in the soil recognizably made or extracted from the earth by humans), or are sealed by technic hard rock (material created by humans, having properties unlike natural rock). They include soils from wastes (landfills, sludge, cinders, mine spoils and ashes), pavements with their underlying unconsolidated materials, soils with geomembranes and constructed soils in human-made materials. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf This will become a defined class, with subclasses added through inference based on material having a 'waste role' and being associated with animal metabolism. animal waste SWEETRealm:AnimalWaste https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_waste ENVO ENVO:00002276 animal waste material A depression in the sea floor that results from the collision of continental plates; the weight of the sinking plate causes the overlying plate to stretch and thin, causing a basin in the overlying plate. Sometimes, the Earth's crust in these basins stretches so much it cracks, allowing magma through from the mantle beneath. Hence, basins often contain active volcanoes and hydrothermal vents. basin EcoLexicon:basin SWEETRealm:BackArcBasin SWEETRealm:Basin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back-arc_basin backarc basin ENVO ENVO:00002277 back-arc basin A depression in the sea floor that results from the collision of continental plates; the weight of the sinking plate causes the overlying plate to stretch and thin, causing a basin in the overlying plate. Sometimes, the Earth's crust in these basins stretches so much it cracks, allowing magma through from the mantle beneath. Hence, basins often contain active volcanoes and hydrothermal vents. webpage:http://www.venturedeepocean.org/vents/stretching.html A material entity which determines an environmental system. ENVO ENVO:00002297 A material entity determines an environmental system when its removal would cause the collapse of that system. For example, a seamount determines a seamount environment, acting as its 'hub'. This class is currently being aligned to the Basic Formal Ontology. Following this alignment, its definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised. environmental feature A material entity which determines an environmental system. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 NM:nm ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A structural basin that is below sea level. EcoLexicon:ocean_basin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_basin ENVO ENVO:00002450 envoPolar This class is defined in its geological sense: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Hydrologically, an oceanic basin may be anywhere on Earth that is covered by seawater, but geologically ocean basins are large geologic basins that are below sea level. Geologically, there are other undersea geomorphological features such as the continental shelves, the deep ocean trenches, and the undersea mountain ranges (for example, the mid-Atlantic ridge) which are not considered to be part of the ocean basins; while hydrologically, oceanic basins include the flanking continental shelves and shallow, epeiric seas. ocean basin A structural basin that is below sea level. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_basin Hay is grass, legumes or other herbaceous plants that have been cut, dried, and stored for use as animal fodder, particularly for grazing livestock such as cattle, horses, goats, and sheep. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hay ENVO ENVO:00002869 hay Hay is grass, legumes or other herbaceous plants that have been cut, dried, and stored for use as animal fodder, particularly for grazing livestock such as cattle, horses, goats, and sheep. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hay A natural building material mode from sand, clay, water, and some kind of fibrous or organic material (sticks, straw, and/or manure). ENVO ENVO:00002870 adobe A natural building material mode from sand, clay, water, and some kind of fibrous or organic material (sticks, straw, and/or manure). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe Soil which has been eroded and influenced by flowing water and redeposited in a non-marine setting. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvial_soil alluvial soil The biomass remaining after sugarcane stalks are crushed to extract their juice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagasse sugarcane bagasse ENVO ENVO:00002872 bagasse The biomass remaining after sugarcane stalks are crushed to extract their juice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagasse This should probably be merged with biological waste material. organic waste https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_waste ENVO ENVO:00002873 organic waste material ENVO ENVO:00002874 air conditioning unit ENVO ENVO:00002875 oil contaminated soil ENVO ENVO:00002926 warm seep A group of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicate (phyllosilicates being a subgroup of silicate minerals) minerals (see clay minerals), that are typically less than 2 micrometres in diameter. Clay consists of a variety of phyllosilicate minerals rich in silicon and aluminium oxides and hydroxides which include variable amounts of structural water. EcoLexicon:clay SWEETRealm:Clay https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay clay A group of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicate (phyllosilicates being a subgroup of silicate minerals) minerals (see clay minerals), that are typically less than 2 micrometres in diameter. Clay consists of a variety of phyllosilicate minerals rich in silicon and aluminium oxides and hydroxides which include variable amounts of structural water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_oil ENVO ENVO:00002983 fuel oil A naturally occurring flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the planetary surfaces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum crude oil petroleum A naturally occurring flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the planetary surfaces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum A viscous liquid state at ambient temperatures or slightly warmer, and is both hydrophobic and lipophilic. EcoLexicon:oil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil oil A viscous liquid state at ambient temperatures or slightly warmer, and is both hydrophobic and lipophilic. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil ENVO:00000446 ENVO ENVO:00002986 obsolete Udvardy biome true ENVO:01000196 ENVO:01000215 ENVO:01000216 ENVO:01000221 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evergreen_sclerophyllous_forests,_scrub,_or_woodlands ENVO ENVO:00002987 obsolete Evergreen sclerophyllous forests, scrub, or woodlands true ENVO:01000193 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_grasslands ENVO ENVO:00002988 obsolete Temperate grasslands true ENVO:01000202 ENVO:01000221 ENVO ENVO:00002989 obsolete Temperate broad-leaf forests or woodlands and subpolar deciduous thickets true ENVO:01000227 ENVO ENVO:00002990 obsolete Tropical dry or deciduous forests (including Monsoon forests) or woodlands true ENVO:01000202 ENVO:01000221 ENVO:01000222 ENVO:01000226 ENVO ENVO:00002991 obsolete Subtropical and temperate rainforests or woodlands true ENVO:01000211 ENVO:01000221 ENVO ENVO:00002992 obsolete Temperate needle-leaf forests or woodlands true ENVO:01000228 ENVO ENVO:00002993 obsolete Tropical humid forests true ENVO ENVO:00002994 obsolete Mixed island systems true ENVO:01000180 ENVO ENVO:00002995 obsolete Tundra communities and barren Arctic deserts true ENVO ENVO:00002996 obsolete Mixed mountain and highland systems with complex zonation true ENVO:01000182 ENVO:01000186 ENVO ENVO:00002997 obsolete Cold-winter (continental) deserts and semideserts true ENVO:01000182 ENVO:01000183 ENVO:01000184 ENVO:01000218 ENVO ENVO:00002998 obsolete Warm deserts and semideserts true ENVO:00000446 ENVO ENVO:00002999 obsolete Bailey biome true ENVO:01000186 ENVO ENVO:00003000 obsolete Polar Domain (100) true ENVO ENVO:00003001 obsolete Humid Temperate Domain (200) true ENVO:01000179 ENVO ENVO:00003002 obsolete Dry Domain (300) true ENVO:01000228 ENVO ENVO:00003003 obsolete Humid Tropical Domain (400) true ENVO:01000180 ENVO ENVO:00003004 obsolete Tundra Divsion (120) true ENVO ENVO:00003005 obsolete Subarctic Division - Mountain Provinces (M130) true ENVO:01000180 ENVO ENVO:00003006 obsolete Subarctic Division (130) true ENVO:01000180 ENVO ENVO:00003007 obsolete Tundra Division - Mountain Provinces (M120) true ENVO ENVO:00003008 obsolete Hot Continental Division (220) true ENVO:01000184 ENVO:01000187 ENVO:01000191 ENVO:01000201 ENVO:01000209 ENVO:01000213 ENVO:01000222 ENVO ENVO:00003009 obsolete Subtropical Division (230) true ENVO ENVO:00003010 obsolete Warm Continental Division (210) true ENVO ENVO:00003011 obsolete Warm Continental Division - Mountain Provinces (M210) true ENVO ENVO:00003012 obsolete Subtropical Division - Mountain Provinces (M230) true ENVO ENVO:00003013 obsolete Hot Continental Division - Mountain Provinces (M220) true ENVO ENVO:00003014 obsolete Marine Division (240) true ENVO ENVO:00003015 obsolete Marine Division - Mountain Provinces (M240) true ENVO:01000189 ENVO:01000193 ENVO:01000215 ENVO ENVO:00003016 obsolete Prairie Division (250) true ENVO:01000199 ENVO:01000208 ENVO:01000217 ENVO:01000224 ENVO:01000229 ENVO ENVO:00003017 obsolete Mediterranean Division (260) true ENVO ENVO:00003018 obsolete Mediterranean Division - Mountain Provinces (M260) true ENVO:01000183 ENVO:01000184 ENVO ENVO:00003019 obsolete Tropical/Subtropical Desert Division (320) true ENVO:01000228 ENVO ENVO:00003020 obsolete Rainforest Division (420) true ENVO:01000182 ENVO ENVO:00003021 obsolete Temperate Desert Division (340) true ENVO ENVO:00003022 obsolete Temperate Desert Division - Mountain Provinces (M340) true ENVO:01000189 ENVO:01000193 ENVO:01000215 ENVO ENVO:00003023 obsolete Temperate Steppe Division (330) true ENVO ENVO:00003024 obsolete Temperate Steppe Division - Mountain Provinces (M330) true ENVO ENVO:00003025 obsolete Tropical/Subtropical Steppe Division - Mountain Provinces (M310) true ENVO:01000187 ENVO:01000188 ENVO:01000191 ENVO:01000192 ENVO:01000213 ENVO:01000214 ENVO:01000218 ENVO ENVO:00003026 obsolete Tropical/Subtropical Steppe Division (310) true ENVO:01000228 ENVO ENVO:00003027 obsolete Rainforest Division - Mountain Provinces (M420) true ENVO:01000178 ENVO ENVO:00003028 obsolete Savanna Division (410) true ENVO:01000223 ENVO ENVO:00003029 obsolete Savanna Division - Mountain Provinces (M410) true A fermented, high-moisture forage that can be fed to ruminants. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silage ENVO ENVO:00003030 silage A fermented, high-moisture forage that can be fed to ruminants. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silage ENVO ENVO:00003031 This is interesting in that the "role" aspect of "waste" is (or can be) replaced by another role "fertilizer". Thus, the positioning of "manure" under waste may not be totally correct. animal manure ENVO ENVO:00003032 fresh animal manure A compost which generally consists of a combination of wheat straw, dried blood, horse manure and ground chalk, composted together and is the residual compost waste generated by industrial mushroom production. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroom_compost ENVO ENVO:00003033 mushroom compost FOODON:00001019 ENVO ENVO:00003037 obsolete wort true FOODON:00001020 ENVO ENVO:00003038 obsolete beer wort true FOODON:00001021 ENVO ENVO:00003039 obsolete acifified beer wort true A house used for sheltering non-human animals. ENVO ENVO:00003040 While humans are animals, this class does not refer to human houses. animal house ENVO ENVO:00003041 cow shed https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piggery ENVO ENVO:00003042 piggery https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_plant ENVO ENVO:00003043 sewage plant Water saturated or nearly saturated with salt (NaCl). EcoLexicon:brine SWEETRealm:Brine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine envoPolar It is used (now less popular than historically) to preserve vegetables, fish, and meat. brine Water saturated or nearly saturated with salt (NaCl). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine ENVO ENVO:00003045 bacon curing brine FOODON:00001022 Bresse Blue ENVO ENVO:00003046 obsolete Bleu de Bresse true FOODON:00001023 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butter ENVO ENVO:00003047 obsolete butter true FOODON:00001024 ENVO ENVO:00003048 obsolete pickled cabbage true FOODON:00001025 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camembert ENVO ENVO:00003049 obsolete Camembert true FOODON:00001026 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cane_sugar ENVO ENVO:00003050 obsolete cane sugar true FOODON:00001027 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheddar ENVO ENVO:00003051 obsolete Cheddar cheese true FOODON:00001028 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brie ENVO ENVO:00003052 obsolete Brie true FOODON:00001029 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouda ENVO ENVO:00003053 obsolete Gouda true FOODON:00001030 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halloumi ENVO ENVO:00003054 obsolete halloumi true FOODON:00001031 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorgonzola ENVO ENVO:00003055 obsolete Gorgonzola true FOODON:00001032 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss ENVO ENVO:00003056 obsolete Swiss cheese true FOODON:00001033 ENVO ENVO:00003057 obsolete Emmenthal true FOODON:00001034 Harzerkaese ENVO ENVO:00003058 obsolete Harzer true FOODON:00001035 ENVO ENVO:00003059 obsolete New Zealand Cheddar true FOODON:00001036 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pont_l'Eveque ENVO ENVO:00003060 obsolete Pont l'Eveque true FOODON:00001037 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacherin_Mont_d'Or ENVO ENVO:00003061 obsolete Vacherin Mont d'Or true FOODON:00001038 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pork ENVO ENVO:00003062 obsolete pork true FOODON:00001039 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cured_meat ENVO ENVO:00003063 obsolete cured meat true Drinking water is water which may be consumed by humans with no adverse effects on their health. EcoLexicon:drinking_water SWEETRealm:DrinkingWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinking_water potable water ENVO ENVO:00003064 drinking water https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distilled_water ENVO ENVO:00003065 distilled water FOODON:00001040 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken ENVO ENVO:00003066 obsolete chicken meat product true FOODON:00001041 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beef ENVO ENVO:00003067 obsolete beef true FOODON:00001042 ENVO ENVO:00003068 obsolete bovine milk true FOODON:00001043 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheep_milk sheep milk ENVO ENVO:00003069 obsolete ovine milk true FOODON:00001044 ENVO ENVO:00003070 obsolete caprine milk true ENVO ENVO:00003071 grass silage FOODON:00001045 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_cream ice-cream ENVO ENVO:00003072 obsolete ice cream true FOODON:00001046 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seafood ENVO ENVO:00003073 obsolete seafood product true A material entity that has been processed by humans or their technology in any way, including intermediate products as well as final products. manufactured good manufactured product A material entity that has been processed by humans or their technology in any way, including intermediate products as well as final products. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufactured_product ENVO ENVO:00003075 anthropogenic abiotic mesoscopic feature Glue is any substance applied to the surfaces of materials that binds them together and resists separation. paste https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glue adhesive mucilage ENVO ENVO:00003076 This sounds more like a role than a material, per se. glue Glue is any substance applied to the surfaces of materials that binds them together and resists separation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glue This sounds more like a role than a material, per se. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 FOODON:00001047 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeotgal ENVO ENVO:00003077 obsolete jeotgal true FOODON:00001048 ENVO ENVO:00003078 obsolete Meshanger cheese true FOODON:00001049 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pork_chop ENVO ENVO:00003079 obsolete pork chop true https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salad ENVO ENVO:00003080 obsolete salad true ENVO ENVO:00003081 metal contaminated soil A portion of enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of some material entity. ENVO ENVO:00003082 This could be demoted to an inferred class if issues with double inheritance arise. enriched soil A portion of sarcosine enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of sarcosine. ENVO ENVO:00003083 sarcosine enriched soil A portion of trimethylamine enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of trimethylamine. ENVO ENVO:00003084 trimethylamine enriched soil A portion of skatole enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of skatole. ENVO ENVO:00003085 skatole enriched soil A portion of ethanol enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of ethanol. ENVO ENVO:00003086 ethanol enriched soil A portion of acetamide enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of acetamide. ENVO ENVO:00003087 acetamide enriched soil A portion of pantothenate enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of pantothenate. ENVO ENVO:00003088 pantothenate enriched soil A portion of testosterone enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of testosterone. ENVO ENVO:00003089 testosterone enriched soil A portion of kynurenate enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of kynurenate. ENVO ENVO:00003090 kynurenate enriched soil A portion of threonine enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of threonine. ENVO ENVO:00003091 threonine enriched soil A portion of salicylate enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of salicylate. ENVO ENVO:00003092 salicylate enriched soil A portion of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate. ENVO ENVO:00003093 poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate enriched soil A portion of L-(+)-tartrate enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of L-(+)-tartrate. ENVO ENVO:00003094 L-(+)-tartrate enriched soil A portion of quinate enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of quinate. ENVO ENVO:00003095 quinate enriched soil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tap_water ENVO ENVO:00003096 tap water ENVO ENVO:00003097 bore hole water A tannery is a building in which the skins of animals are treated with chemicals to alter the structure of their constituent proteins, creating leather. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannery ENVO ENVO:00003323 tannery A tannery is a building in which the skins of animals are treated with chemicals to alter the structure of their constituent proteins, creating leather. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannery FOODON:00001050 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempeh ENVO ENVO:00003779 obsolete tempeh true https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse_manure ENVO ENVO:00003859 horse manure Manure which is primarily composed of pig feces. pig manure An industrial building is a building within which goods are produced and, optionally, stored or within which services are rendered. It's possible that this will become an inferred class in the future. The United Nations' International Standard Industrial Classification should be referred to when expanding this branch. ISIC can also be used to identify processes. See http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/regcst.asp?Cl=27&Lg=1. industrial building An industrial building is a building within which goods are produced and, optionally, stored or within which services are rendered. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry A dairy is a building in which animal milk is harvested and, optionally, processed for human consumption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy ENVO ENVO:00003862 'Terminology differs between countries. For example, in the United States, the entire dairy farm is commonly called a "dairy." The building or farm area where milk is harvested from the cow is often called a "milking parlor" or "parlor." The farm area where milk is stored in bulk tanks is known as the farm's "milk house." Milk is then hauled (usually by truck) to a "dairy plant," also referred to as a "dairy", where raw milk is further processed and prepared for commercial sale of dairy products. In New Zealand, farm areas for milk harvesting are also called "milking parlours", and are historically known as "milking sheds."' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy dairy A dairy is a building in which animal milk is harvested and, optionally, processed for human consumption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy A food processing building is a building in which materials that contain or consist of essential body nutrients - such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals - and may be ingested and assimilated by an organism to produce energy, stimulate growth, and maintain life are converted alternative forms. ENVO ENVO:00003863 The semantics of food are being handled by FOODON http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/foodon.owl food processing building A bakery is a building in which raw flour-based food is baked in an oven to produce food products such as bread, cakes, pastries, and pies. These products are often sold from the bakery itself. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakery bakeshop A bakery is a food processing building and a 'food shop' at the same time. This needs to be resolved. bakery A bakery is a building in which raw flour-based food is baked in an oven to produce food products such as bread, cakes, pastries, and pies. These products are often sold from the bakery itself. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakery An agricultural byproduct, the dry stalk of a cereal plant, after the nutrient grain or seed has been removed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straw ENVO ENVO:00003869 straw An agricultural byproduct, the dry stalk of a cereal plant, after the nutrient grain or seed has been removed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straw ENVO ENVO:00003870 rice straw FOODON:00001051 ENVO ENVO:00003871 obsolete fermented rice beverage true FOODON:00001052 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amasake ENVO ENVO:00003872 obsolete amasake true FOODON:00001053 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermented_dairy_product ENVO ENVO:00003873 obsolete fermented dairy product true FOODON:00001054 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermented_fish ENVO ENVO:00003874 obsolete fermented fish product true FOODON:00001055 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish ENVO ENVO:00003875 obsolete sea water fish product true FOODON:00001056 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flour ENVO ENVO:00003876 obsolete flour true FOODON:00001057 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit ENVO ENVO:00003877 obsolete plant fruit food product true FOODON:00001058 ENVO ENVO:00003878 obsolete fruit extract product true FOODON:00001059 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_juice ENVO ENVO:00003879 obsolete apple juice true FOODON:00001060 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awamori ENVO ENVO:00003880 obsolete awamori true FOODON:00001061 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacon ENVO ENVO:00003881 obsolete bacon true FOODON:00001062 ENVO ENVO:00003882 obsolete fermented millet food product true FOODON:00001063 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millet_beer ENVO bantu beer ENVO:00003883 obsolete millet beer true ENVO ENVO:00003884 farmyard manure A brewery is a building in which alcoholic beverages are produced by brewing, that is, steeping a starch source (commonly cereal grains) in water and fermenting the resulting sweet liquid with yeast. At times, the products are also sold from the brewery. ENVO ENVO:00003885 brewery A brewery is a building in which alcoholic beverages are produced by brewing, that is, steeping a starch source (commonly cereal grains) in water and fermenting the resulting sweet liquid with yeast. At times, the products are also sold from the brewery. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewery https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewing FOODON:00001064 ENVO ENVO:00003886 obsolete bottled beer true FOODON:00001065 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_cheese ENVO ENVO:00003887 obsolete blue cheese true FOODON:00001066 ENVO ENVO:00003888 obsolete bottled fruit product true FOODON:00001067 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buttermilk ENVO ENVO:00003889 obsolete buttermilk true FOODON:00001068 ENVO ENVO:00003890 obsolete canned fruit product true FOODON:00001069 ENVO ENVO:00003891 obsolete fermented fruit product true ENVO ENVO:00003893 cosmetic product ENVO ENVO:00003894 face cream product ENVO ENVO:00003895 paper product ENVO ENVO:00003896 currency note FOODON:00001070 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miso ENVO ENVO:00003898 obsolete miso true FOODON:00001071 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Must ENVO ENVO:00003899 obsolete must true ENVO ENVO:00003900 rye grass silage https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviation_fuel ENVO jet fuel ENVO:00003903 aviation fuel FOODON:00001072 ENVO ENVO:00003904 obsolete yeast cake true FOODON:00001073 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinegar ENVO ENVO:00003905 obsolete vinegar true FOODON:00001074 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malt_vinegar ENVO ENVO:00003906 obsolete malt vinegar true FOODON:00001075 ENVO ENVO:00003907 obsolete nonfat dry milk true ENVO ENVO:00003908 poultry deep litter A sake brewery is a brewery which produces rice wine by fermenting rice which has been polished to remove the bran. ENVO ENVO:00003911 sake brewery A sake brewery is a brewery which produces rice wine by fermenting rice which has been polished to remove the bran. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sake FOODON:00001076 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sake ENVO ENVO:00003912 obsolete sake true FOODON:00001077 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_pork ENVO ENVO:00003913 obsolete salt pork true ENVO ENVO:00003914 chalk soil FOODON:00001078 ENVO ENVO:00003915 obsolete fermented soybean product true A building or collection of co-located buildings constructed for the purpose of undertaking scientific research. research station A building or collection of co-located buildings constructed for the purpose of undertaking scientific research. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_station ENVO ENVO:00003927 stable manure FOODON:00001079 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickle ENVO ENVO:00003928 obsolete pickled food product true FOODON:00001080 ENVO ENVO:00003929 obsolete tape kefan true A layer of impurities that accumulates at the surface of a liquid (especially water or molten metal). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scum ENVO ENVO:00003930 scum A layer of impurities that accumulates at the surface of a liquid (especially water or molten metal). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scum A warehouse is a building which is used for the storage of goods. warehouse A warehouse is a building which is used for the storage of goods. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warehouse A tobacco warehouse is a warehouse used to store cured leaves of plants from the genus Nicotiana, primarily N. tabacum and N. rustica. ENVO ENVO:00003964 tobacco warehouse A tobacco warehouse is a warehouse used to store cured leaves of plants from the genus Nicotiana, primarily N. tabacum and N. rustica. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco ENVO ENVO:00003965 anaerobic digester sludge FOODON:00001081 ENVO ENVO:00003966 obsolete Bondon cheese true A creamery is a part of a dairy where cream is separated from whole milk. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creamery ENVO ENVO:00003967 creamery An air filter is a device that removes some substance from air. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_filter ENVO ENVO:00003968 This is a general definition derived from the definitions for particulate, chemical, and other air filters. Subclasses should be created if needed. air filter An air filter is a device that removes some substance from air. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_filter FOODON:00001082 ENVO ENVO:00003969 obsolete bitter cheese true FOODON:00001083 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar ENVO ENVO:00003970 obsolete sugar true FOODON:00001084 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_sugar ENVO ENVO:00003971 obsolete brown sugar true FOODON:00001085 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporated_milk ENVO ENVO:00003972 obsolete evaporated milk product true FOODON:00001086 ENVO ENVO:00003973 obsolete kefir true FOODON:00001087 ENVO:0010145 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetable_oil ENVO ENVO:00003975 obsolete vegetable oil true FOODON:00001088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linseed_oil ENVO ENVO:00003976 obsolete linseed oil true FOODON:00001089 ENVO ENVO:00003977 obsolete maize flour true ENVO ENVO:00003978 potato silage FOODON:00001090 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sour_milk ENVO ENVO:00003979 obsolete sour milk true FOODON:00001091 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dried_milk ENVO ENVO:00003980 obsolete dried milk product true A natural chemical precipitate of carbonate minerals; typically aragonite, but often recrystallized to or primarily calcite; which is deposited from the water of mineral springs (especially hot springs) or streams saturated with calcium carbonate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travertine ENVO ENVO:00003982 travertine A natural chemical precipitate of carbonate minerals; typically aragonite, but often recrystallized to or primarily calcite; which is deposited from the water of mineral springs (especially hot springs) or streams saturated with calcium carbonate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travertine A building within which logs are cut into lumber products. sawmill A building within which logs are cut into lumber products. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawmill A large flat plain in karst territory with areas usually 5 to 400 sqaure kilometres. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karst_field karst polje ENVO ENVO:00004683 karst field A large flat plain in karst territory with areas usually 5 to 400 sqaure kilometres. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karst_field karst polje https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polje https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foam ENVO ENVO:00005738 This is a state more than a material. foam https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_foam ENVO ENVO:00005739 sea foam ENVO rice paddy soil ENVO:00005740 paddy field soil ENVO ENVO:00005741 envoPolar alpine soil envoMeo arable soil A portion of soil which is found in a roadside area. ENVO ENVO:00005743 roadside soil ENVO ENVO:00005744 allotment garden soil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotment_garden ENVO ENVO:00005745 allotment garden A portion of soil which is found in a savanna. savanna soil ENVO ENVO:00005747 compost soil Soil which has little to no water content and in which minerals and other soluble chemical entities have either bonded or become adsorbed to sold particles due to insufficient water availability. dry soil A portion of soil which is part of a cropland or a rangeland biome. farm soil A portion of soil which is found in a grassland. grassland soil Soil which is part of a densely forested area subject to tropical climate patterns. jungle soil ENVO ENVO:00005752 sawah soil A portion of urea enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of urea. ENVO ENVO:00005753 urea enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00005754 fertilized soil ENVO ENVO:00005755 field soil ENVO ENVO:00005756 lawn soil A portion of bacteria enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated bacterial abundance. ENVO ENVO:00005757 bacteria enriched soil A portion of alluvial soil which is part of a swamp ecosystem. alluvial swamp soil ENVO ENVO:00005759 alluvial paddy field soil ENVO burnt soil ENVO:00005760 burned soil ENVO ENVO:00005761 meadow soil A portion of chloropicrin enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of chloropicrin. ENVO ENVO:00005762 chloropicrin enriched soil humus-rich acidic ash soil ENVO ENVO:00005764 pond soil ENVO ENVO:00005765 frozen compost soil ENVO ENVO:00005766 limed soil Soil which has, as a part, a portion of either fresh or processed animal manure. manured soil Soil which has properties to which plants in the Family Orchidaceae have adapted, including increased levels of aeration and drainage. orchid soil ENVO ENVO:00005769 mountain forest soil ENVO ENVO:00005770 beech forest soil Soil which is composed of a large proportion of mud, thus having properties resembling mud. muddy soil Soil in which trees from an orchard grow. orchard soil Soil which is found in a pasture and in which vegetation, such as the grass used for the grazing of ungulates, grows. pasture soil EcoLexicon:peat SWEETRealm:Peat https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peat_soil peat peat soil peat ENVO:cjm ENVO salty soil ENVO:00005775 salt contaminated soil ENVO ENVO:00005776 peaty paddy field soil A portion of soil which is found in a steppe. steppe soil ENVO ENVO:00005778 tropical soil ENVO ENVO:00005779 vegetable garden soil A portion of soil which is found in a greenhouse. greenhouse soil ENVO ENVO:00005781 heat stressed soil Soil which is formed from avian fecal matter. ornithogenic soil Soil which is formed from avian fecal matter. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-46-4-841 http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2015/01/20/science-word-of-the-day-ornithogenic/ ENVO ENVO:00005783 leafy wood soil ENVO ENVO:00005784 spruce forest soil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_soil ENVO ENVO:00005785 volcanic soil ENVO ENVO:00005786 upland soil ENVO ENVO:00005787 eucalyptus forest soil ENVO ENVO:00005788 rubber plantation soil Bluegrass field soil is a soil which is found in a field of Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis). ENVO ENVO:00005789 bluegrass field soil ENVO ENVO:00005790 red soil Sterile water is water which does not contain lliving organisms. sterile water Water which has physicochemical properties determined by processes which occur beneath the planetary crust. SWEETRealm:UndergroundWater subterranean water envoPolar This class references any water that's under a planetary surface. For water that is in an aquifer, see "groundwater" (ENVO:01001004). Previously, this class included both. underground water ENVO ENVO:00005793 muddy water ENVO ENVO:00005794 water scum Mud which is part of a marine ecosystem. envoPolar marine mud ENVO ENVO:00005796 marine sludge Mud which constitutes the bed of a lake. lake bottom mud ENVO ENVO:00005798 acid dune sand ENVO ENVO:00005799 rocky sand Sand which is part of a desert. desert sand The narrow region of soil that is directly influenced by root secretions and associated soil microorganisms. LTER:472 rhizosphere The narrow region of soil that is directly influenced by root secretions and associated soil microorganisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizosphere_%28ecology%29 Soil that is not penetrated by the root systems of plants. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_soil ENVO ENVO:00005802 bulk soil Soil that is not penetrated by the root systems of plants. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_soil The dwelling of an animal or group of similar animals. den nest ENVO ENVO:00005803 animal habitation The dwelling of an animal or group of similar animals. MA:ma A pile of earth, sand, pine needles, or clay or a composite of these and other materials that build up at the entrances of the subterranean dwellings of ant colonies as they are excavated. A colony is built and maintained by legions of worker ants, who carry tiny bits of dirt and pebbles in their mandibles and deposit them near the exit of the colony. They normally deposit the dirt or vegetation at the top of the hill to prevent it from sliding back into the colony, but in some species they actively sculpt the materials into specific shapes, and may create nest chambers within the mound. ant's nest ENVO ant hill ENVO:00005804 nest of ant A pile of earth, sand, pine needles, or clay or a composite of these and other materials that build up at the entrances of the subterranean dwellings of ant colonies as they are excavated. A colony is built and maintained by legions of worker ants, who carry tiny bits of dirt and pebbles in their mandibles and deposit them near the exit of the colony. They normally deposit the dirt or vegetation at the top of the hill to prevent it from sliding back into the colony, but in some species they actively sculpt the materials into specific shapes, and may create nest chambers within the mound. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant_colony#Ant-hills A bird nest is the spot in which a bird lays and incubates its eggs and raises its young. bird nest bird's nest eyrie ENVO ENVO:00005805 nest of bird A bird nest is the spot in which a bird lays and incubates its eggs and raises its young. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_nest ENVO:01000209 ENVO:01000210 ENVO ENVO:00005806 obsolete Tropical and subtropical coniferous forest biome true A habitat that is in or on a living animal. Here "animal" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:33208. metazoan-associated habitat ENVO ENVO:00006776 obsolete animal-associated habitat true A habitat that is in or on a living animal. Here "animal" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:33208. PATOC:cjm A habitat that is in or on a living plant. Here "plant" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:33090 (viridiplantae). ENVO ENVO:00009001 obsolete plant-associated habitat true A habitat that is in or on a living plant. Here "plant" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:33090 (viridiplantae). PATOC:cjm A habitat that is in or on a living mammal. Here "mammal" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:40674. ENVO ENVO:00009002 obsolete mammalia-associated habitat true A habitat that is in or on a living mammal. Here "mammal" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:40674. PATOC:cjm A habitat that is in or on a living animal. Here "animal" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:9606. ENVO ENVO:00009003 Used for armpits and other nasty places. obsolete human-associated habitat true A habitat that is in or on a living animal. Here "animal" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:9606. PATOC:cjm A habitat that is in or on a living insect. Here "insect" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:50557. ENVO ENVO:00009004 obsolete insecta-associated habitat true A habitat that is in or on a living insect. Here "insect" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:50557. PATOC:cjm An ice rise is an elevation which is part of an ice shelf, typically dome shared, and formed by the ice shelf overriding an obstruction in the seabed. An ice rise may be adjacent only to an ice shelf, or to an ice shelf and a sea. For some features, properly ice rises, the term island has become established through usage. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_rise ENVO ENVO:00009686 envoPolar ice rise An ice rise is an elevation which is part of an ice shelf, typically dome shared, and formed by the ice shelf overriding an obstruction in the seabed. An ice rise may be adjacent only to an ice shelf, or to an ice shelf and a sea. For some features, properly ice rises, the term island has become established through usage. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_rise web:http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/apc/genericterms.html A glacier covering a coastal strip of low-lying land backed by mountains, and sloping gently seaward over a distance up to 30km or more to terminate in ice cliffs or to merge with an ice shelf. ENVO ENVO:00009725 envoPolar ice piedmont A glacier covering a coastal strip of low-lying land backed by mountains, and sloping gently seaward over a distance up to 30km or more to terminate in ice cliffs or to merge with an ice shelf. web:http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/apc/genericterms.html Fissure at the junction between an inland ice sheet, ice piedmont or ice rise and an ice shelf, the latter being subject to the rise and fall of the tide. ENVO ENVO:00009726 envoPolar strand crack Fissure at the junction between an inland ice sheet, ice piedmont or ice rise and an ice shelf, the latter being subject to the rise and fall of the tide. web:http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/apc/genericterms.html A fomite is any inanimate object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms (such as germs or parasites) and hence transferring them from one individual to another. A fomite can be anything such as a cloth or mop heads so when cleaning this is important to remember that this could aid when spreading pathogenic organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fomite ENVO ENVO:00010358 fomite A fomite is any inanimate object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms (such as germs or parasites) and hence transferring them from one individual to another. A fomite can be anything such as a cloth or mop heads so when cleaning this is important to remember that this could aid when spreading pathogenic organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fomite A dump for domestic waste. A term used to describe any kind of feature containing waste products relating to day-to-day human life. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midden ENVO ENVO:00010442 midden A dump for domestic waste. A term used to describe any kind of feature containing waste products relating to day-to-day human life. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midden A portion of environmental material is a fiat object part which forms the medium or part of the medium of an environmental system. portion of environmental material Everything under this parent must be a mass noun. All subclasses are to be understood as being composed primarily of the named entity, rather than restricted to that entity. For example, "ENVO:water" is to be understood as "environmental material composed primarly of some CHEBI:water". This class is currently being aligned to the Basic Formal Ontology. Following this alignment, its definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised. environmental material A portion of environmental material is a fiat object part which forms the medium or part of the medium of an environmental system. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 MA:ma ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 URL:http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/articles/niches.html A layer of some material entity which is adjacent to one or more of its external boundaries and directly interacts with its immediate surroundings. EcoLexicon:surface SWEETRealm:Surface https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface This class is distinct from a geometric surface, which is two-dimensional. The idea of "uppermost" may be problematic. Further, the definition of layer (the superclass of surface in rev 133) references surface. This may be another issue. Perhaps this can be made into an inferred class using 'bounding layer of' some material entity, note that 'bounding layer' implies containment, which may not be valid here. surface layer A layer of some material entity which is adjacent to one or more of its external boundaries and directly interacts with its immediate surroundings. URL:http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/surface Airborne solid particles (also called dust or particulate matter (PM)) or liquid droplets. EcoLexicon:aerosol SWEETRealm:Aerosol Should connect to PATO as "quality of an aerosol" aerosol Airborne solid particles (also called dust or particulate matter (PM)) or liquid droplets. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol A mixture of two immiscible (unblendable) substances. One substance (the dispersed phase) is dispersed in the other (the continuous phase). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulsion emulsion A mixture of two immiscible (unblendable) substances. One substance (the dispersed phase) is dispersed in the other (the continuous phase). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulsion https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_instrument ENVO ENVO:00010621 medical instrument A vivarium is an enclosure for keeping and raising organisms for observation or research. Often, a portion of the ecosystem for a particular species is simulated on a smaller scale, with controls for environmental conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivarium vivarium A vivarium is an enclosure for keeping and raising organisms for observation or research. Often, a portion of the ecosystem for a particular species is simulated on a smaller scale, with controls for environmental conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivarium A sedimentary carbonate rock and a mineral, both composed of calcium magnesium carbonate CaMg(CO3)2 found in crystals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomite ENVO ENVO:00010623 dolomite A sedimentary carbonate rock and a mineral, both composed of calcium magnesium carbonate CaMg(CO3)2 found in crystals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomite A place where a wide variety of plants primarily categorized and documented for scientific purposes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanical_garden botanic garden ENVO ENVO:00010624 botanical garden A place where a wide variety of plants primarily categorized and documented for scientific purposes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanical_garden A facility in which animals are confined within enclosures and displayed to the public, and in which they may also be bred. zoo zoological park ENVO ENVO:00010625 zoological garden A facility in which animals are confined within enclosures and displayed to the public, and in which they may also be bred. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoo A research facility consisting of instruments that measure the properties of the oceans over time. Usually of at least approximately fixed location. ocean time series station A research facility consisting of instruments that measure the properties of the oceans over time. Usually of at least approximately fixed location. MA:ma An underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, silt, or clay) from which groundwater can be usefully extracted using a water well. EcoLexicon:aquifer SWEETRealm:Aquifer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer envoPolar aquifer An underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, silt, or clay) from which groundwater can be usefully extracted using a water well. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer ENVO ENVO:00012411 karst cave FOODON:00001092 ENVO ENVO:0010000 obsolete animal food product true Anthropogenic material in or on which organisms may live. ENVO ENVO:0010001 anthropogenic environmental material Anthropogenic material in or on which organisms may live. MA:ma FOODON:00001093 ENVO ENVO:0010002 obsolete cereal food product true ENVO ENVO:0010003 This is quite odd and it probably should be obsoleted. Any material that is a participant in an agricultural process can be seen as an agricultural material. agricultural environmental material This is quite odd and it probably should be obsoleted. Any material that is a participant in an agricultural process can be seen as an agricultural material. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A liquid which is specifically prepared for human consumption. ENVO ENVO:0010004 obsolete beverage product true A liquid which is specifically prepared for human consumption. web:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverage FOODON:00001094 alcoholic beverage ENVO ENVO:0010005 obsolete fermented beverage true FOODON:00001095 ENVO ENVO:0010006 obsolete fermented grape beverage true FOODON:00001096 ENVO ENVO:0010007 obsolete fermented Elaeis Palm beverage true FOODON:00001097 ENVO ENVO:0010008 obsolete fermented sugar cane beverage true FOODON:00001098 ENVO:00003892 fermented apple ENVO ENVO:0010009 obsolete fermented apple beverage true FOODON:00001099 ENVO ENVO:0010010 obsolete apple beverage true FOODON:00001100 ENVO ENVO:0010011 obsolete orange fruit beverage true FOODON:00001101 ENVO ENVO:0010012 obsolete grape beverage true FOODON:00001102 ENVO ENVO:0010013 obsolete fermented cereal beverage true FOODON:00001103 ENVO ENVO:0010014 obsolete fermented agave beverage true ENVO ENVO:0010015 obsolete fermented soya product true FOODON:00001104 ENVO ENVO:0010016 obsolete sea water fish egg product true FOODON:00001105 ENVO ENVO:0010017 obsolete avian egg product true FOODON:00001106 ENVO ENVO:0010018 obsolete camelid dairy product true FOODON:00001107 ENVO ENVO:0010019 obsolete bovine dairy product true FOODON:00001108 ENVO ENVO:0010020 obsolete buffalo dairy product true FOODON:00001109 ENVO ENVO:0010021 obsolete caprine dairy product true FOODON:00001110 ENVO ENVO:0010022 obsolete donkey dairy product true FOODON:00001111 ENVO ENVO:0010023 obsolete equine dairy product true FOODON:00001112 ENVO ENVO:0010024 obsolete ovine dairy product true FOODON:00001113 ENVO ENVO:0010025 obsolete yak dairy product true FOODON:00001114 ENVO ENVO:0010026 obsolete zebra dairy product true FOODON:00001115 ENVO ENVO:0010027 obsolete reindeer dairy product true FOODON:00001116 ENVO ENVO:0010028 obsolete water buffalo dairy product true FOODON:00001117 ENVO ENVO:0010029 obsolete horse dairy product true FOODON:00001118 ENVO ENVO:0010030 obsolete domestic cattle dairy product true FOODON:00001119 ENVO ENVO:0010031 obsolete cervid dairy product true FOODON:00001120 ENVO ENVO:0010032 obsolete camelid milk true FOODON:00001121 ENVO ENVO:0010033 obsolete equine milk true FOODON:00001122 ENVO ENVO:0010034 obsolete cervid milk true FOODON:00001123 ENVO ENVO:0010035 obsolete cow's milk true FOODON:00001124 ENVO ENVO:0010036 obsolete caprine cheese product true FOODON:00001125 ENVO ENVO:0010037 obsolete ovine cheese product true FOODON:00001126 ENVO ENVO:0010038 obsolete bovine cheese product true FOODON:00001127 ENVO ENVO:0010039 obsolete cow's milk cheese true FOODON:00001128 ENVO ENVO:0010040 obsolete Limburger true FOODON:00001129 ENVO ENVO:0010041 obsolete goat's milk cheese true FOODON:00001130 ENVO ENVO:0010042 obsolete sheep's milk cheese true FOODON:00001131 ENVO ENVO:0010043 obsolete poultry meat product true FOODON:00001132 ENVO ENVO:0010044 obsolete porcine meat product true FOODON:00001133 ENVO ENVO:0010045 obsolete condiment true FOODON:00001134 ENVO ENVO:0010046 obsolete bovine meat product true FOODON:00001135 ENVO ENVO:0010047 obsolete distilled fermented grain beverage true FOODON:00001136 ENVO ENVO:0010048 obsolete distilled fermented beverage true FOODON:00001137 michaelashburner 2010-02-25T08:45:50Z ENVO ENVO:0010049 obsolete soya food product true FOODON:00001138 ENVO ENVO:0010050 obsolete tea-based beverage true FOODON:00001139 ENVO ENVO:0010051 obsolete coffee-based beverage true FOODON:00001140 ENVO ENVO:0010052 obsolete fruit juice beverage true FOODON:00001141 ENVO ENVO:0010053 obsolete wheat product true FOODON:00001142 ENVO ENVO:0010054 obsolete maize product true FOODON:00001143 ENVO ENVO:0010055 obsolete fungal product true FOODON:00001144 ENVO ENVO:0010056 obsolete yeast product true FOODON:00001145 ENVO ENVO:0010057 obsolete microbial food product true FOODON:00001146 ENVO ENVO:0010058 obsolete solanaceous root product true FOODON:00001147 ENVO ENVO:0010059 obsolete plant root food product true FOODON:00001148 ENVO ENVO:0010060 obsolete potato product true FOODON:00001149 ENVO ENVO:0010061 obsolete confectionery product true FOODON:00001150 ENVO ENVO:0010062 obsolete cucurbit fruit product true FOODON:00001151 ENVO ENVO:0010063 obsolete citrus fruit product true FOODON:00001152 ENVO ENVO:0010064 obsolete melon fruit product true FOODON:00001153 ENVO ENVO:0010065 obsolete Cucumis melo fruit true FOODON:00001154 ENVO ENVO:0010066 obsolete Citrullus lanatus fruit true FOODON:00001155 ENVO ENVO:0010067 obsolete watermelon true FOODON:00001156 ENVO ENVO:0010068 obsolete citrus fruit beverage true FOODON:00001157 ENVO ENVO:0010069 obsolete pomaceous fruit beverage true FOODON:00001158 ENVO ENVO:0010070 obsolete pomaceous fruit product true FOODON:00001159 ENVO ENVO:0010071 obsolete fermented pomaceous fruit beverage true FOODON:00001160 ENVO ENVO:0010072 obsolete pomaceous fruit extract true FOODON:00001161 ENVO ENVO:0010073 obsolete citrus fruit extract true FOODON:00001162 ENVO ENVO:0010074 obsolete grape extract true FOODON:00001163 ENVO ENVO:0010075 obsolete solanaceous fruit product true FOODON:00001164 ENVO ENVO:0010076 obsolete tomato product true FOODON:00001165 ENVO ENVO:0010077 obsolete solanaceous food product true FOODON:00001166 ENVO ENVO:0010078 obsolete plant inflorescence food product true FOODON:00001167 ENVO ENVO:0010079 obsolete amaranthaceous food product true FOODON:00001168 ENVO pulse ENVO:0010080 Definitions and types from http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/faoinfo/economic/faodef/fdef04e.htm. obsolete leguminous food product true FOODON:00001169 ENVO ENVO:0010081 obsolete cruciferous food product true FOODON:00001170 ENVO ENVO:0010082 obsolete grape fruit product true FOODON:00001171 ENVO ENVO:0010083 obsolete cruciferous inflorescence food product true FOODON:00001172 ENVO ENVO:0010084 obsolete nut food product true FOODON:00001173 ENVO ENVO:0010085 obsolete plant seed food product true FOODON:00001174 ENVO ENVO:0010086 obsolete plant lipid food product true FOODON:00001175 ENVO ENVO:0010087 obsolete plant stem food product true FOODON:00001176 ENVO ENVO:0010088 obsolete invertebrate food product true FOODON:00001177 ENVO ENVO:0010089 obsolete insect food product true FOODON:00001178 ENVO ENVO:0010090 obsolete honey product true FOODON:00001179 ENVO ENVO:0010091 obsolete amaranthaceous inflorescence food product true FOODON:00001180 ENVO ENVO:0010092 obsolete processed food product true FOODON:00001181 ENVO ENVO:0010093 obsolete cooked food product true FOODON:00001182 ENVO ENVO:0010094 obsolete pickled cruciferous food product true FOODON:00001183 ENVO ENVO:0010095 obsolete bread true FOODON:00001184 ENVO ENVO:0010096 obsolete algal food product true FOODON:00001185 ENVO ENVO:0010097 obsolete rice product true FOODON:00001186 ENVO ENVO:0010098 obsolete buckewheat product true FOODON:00001187 ENVO ENVO:0010099 obsolete sorghum product true FOODON:00001188 ENVO ENVO:0010100 obsolete milet product true FOODON:00001189 ENVO ENVO:0010101 obsolete oats product true FOODON:00001190 ENVO ENVO:0010102 obsolete rye product true FOODON:00001191 ENVO ENVO:0010103 obsolete barley product true FOODON:00001192 ENVO ENVO:0010104 obsolete quinoa product true FOODON:00001193 ENVO ENVO:0010105 obsolete fonio product true FOODON:00001194 ENVO ENVO:0010106 obsolete dry peas product true FOODON:00001195 ENVO ENVO:0010107 obsolete lentil product true FOODON:00001196 ENVO ENVO:0010108 obsolete pigeon pea product true FOODON:00001197 ENVO ENVO:0010109 obsolete bambara groundnut product true FOODON:00001198 ENVO ENVO:0010110 obsolete dry broad beans product true FOODON:00001199 ENVO ENVO:0010111 obsolete chickpea product true FOODON:00001200 ENVO ENVO:0010112 obsolete cowpea product true FOODON:00001201 ENVO ENVO:0010113 obsolete dry beans product true FOODON:00001202 ENVO ENVO:0010114 obsolete winged bean product true FOODON:00001203 ENVO ENVO:0010115 obsolete vetch seed product true FOODON:00001204 ENVO ENVO:0010116 obsolete yam bean product true FOODON:00001205 ENVO ENVO:0010117 obsolete velvet bean product true FOODON:00001206 ENVO ENVO:0010118 obsolete lupin seed product true FOODON:00001207 ENVO ENVO:0010119 obsolete jack bean product true FOODON:00001208 ENVO ENVO:0010120 obsolete hyacinth bean product true This has to be reconciled with "legume". Seems to be a subclass. FOODON:00001209 ENVO ENVO:0010121 According to the FAO: 'The term "pulses" is limited to crops harvested solely for dry grain, thereby excludingcrops harvested green for food (green peas, green beans, etc.) which are classified as vegetable crops. Also excluded are those crops used mainly for oil extraction (e.g.soybeand and groundnuts) and leguminous crops (e.g. seeds of clover and alfalfa) that are used exclusively for sowing purposes.' obsolete pulse true According to the FAO: 'The term "pulses" is limited to crops harvested solely for dry grain, thereby excludingcrops harvested green for food (green peas, green beans, etc.) which are classified as vegetable crops. Also excluded are those crops used mainly for oil extraction (e.g.soybeand and groundnuts) and leguminous crops (e.g. seeds of clover and alfalfa) that are used exclusively for sowing purposes.' http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/faoinfo/economic/faodef/fdef04e.htm#4.02 FOODON:00001210 ENVO ENVO:0010122 obsolete wheat flour true FOODON:00001211 ENVO ENVO:0010123 obsolete pasta true FOODON:00001212 ENVO ENVO:0010124 obsolete pastry true FOODON:00001213 ENVO ENVO:0010125 obsolete baked food product true FOODON:00001214 ENVO ENVO:0010126 obsolete candy true FOODON:00001215 ENVO ENVO:0010127 obsolete cacao food product true FOODON:00001216 ENVO ENVO:0010128 obsolete cream true FOODON:00001217 ENVO ENVO:0010129 obsolete milk true FOODON:00001218 ENVO ENVO:0010130 obsolete bee food product true FOODON:00001219 ENVO ENVO:0010131 obsolete cooked smoked sausage true FOODON:00001220 ENVO ENVO:0010132 obsolete smoked sausage true FOODON:00001221 ENVO ENVO:0010133 obsolete fresh smoked sausage true FOODON:00001222 ENVO ENVO:0010134 obsolete fresh sausage true FOODON:00001223 ENVO ENVO:0010135 obsolete dry sausage true FOODON:00001224 ENVO ENVO:0010136 obsolete cooked sausage true FOODON:00001225 ENVO ENVO:0010137 obsolete smoked meat true FOODON:00001226 ENVO ENVO:0010138 obsolete fruit preserve true FOODON:00001227 ENVO ENVO:0010139 obsolete jam true FOODON:00001228 ENVO ENVO:0010140 obsolete rennet product true FOODON:00001229 ENVO ENVO:0010141 obsolete processed cheese product true FOODON:00001230 ENVO ENVO:0010142 obsolete mustard true FOODON:00001231 ENVO ENVO:0010143 obsolete creamy salad dressing true FOODON:00001232 ENVO ENVO:0010144 obsolete vinaigrette true FOODON:00001233 ENVO ENVO:0010146 obsolete nut oil true FOODON:00001234 ENVO ENVO:0010147 obsolete mayonnaise true FOODON:00001235 ENVO:00003916 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soy_sauce ENVO ENVO:0010148 obsolete soy sauce true FOODON:00001236 ENVO ENVO:0010149 obsolete fresh sea water fish true FOODON:00001237 ENVO ENVO:0010150 obsolete natural rennet true FOODON:00001238 ENVO ENVO:0010151 obsolete microbial rennet true FOODON:00001239 ENVO ENVO:0010152 obsolete vegetable rennet true FOODON:00001240 ENVO ENVO:0010153 obsolete genetically engineered rennet true FOODON:00001241 ENVO ENVO:0010154 obsolete processed pork true FOODON:00001242 ENVO ENVO:0010155 obsolete spice product true FOODON:00001243 ENVO ENVO:0010156 obsolete animal lipid food product true FOODON:00001244 ENVO ENVO:0010157 obsolete coffee true FOODON:00001245 ENVO ENVO:0010158 obsolete tea true FOODON:00001246 ENVO ENVO:0010159 obsolete hot chocolate true FOODON:00001247 EcoLexicon:mating ENVO ENVO:0010160 obsolete mate true ENVO:01000155 ENVO ENVO:0010161 obsolete naturally occuring environmental material true ENVO ENVO:0010162 Requires some relation like "formed by" erosion process with participant stream. dry stream valley ENVO ENVO:0010163 Requires some relation like "formed by" erosion process with participant river. dry river valley FOODON:00001248 ENVO ENVO:0010164 obsolete fish food product true FOODON:00001249 ENVO ENVO:0010165 obsolete freshwater fish product true FOODON:00001250 ENVO ENVO:0010166 obsolete fish egg product true FOODON:00001251 ENVO ENVO:0010167 obsolete avian food product true FOODON:00001252 michaelashburner 2010-02-25T08:36:43Z ENVO ENVO:0010168 obsolete animal derived beverage true FOODON:00001253 michaelashburner 2010-02-25T08:37:10Z ENVO ENVO:0010169 obsolete plant derived beverage true FOODON:00001254 michaelashburner 2010-02-25T08:37:36Z ENVO ENVO:0010170 obsolete fermented plant derived beverage true FOODON:00001255 michaelashburner 2010-02-25T08:38:17Z ENVO ENVO:0010171 obsolete non-fermented plant derived beverage true Organic matter in soil which has reached a point of stability, where it will break down no further and might, if conditions do not change, remain essentially as it is for centuries, or millennia. EcoLexicon:humus SWEETRealm:Humus https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus humus Organic matter in soil which has reached a point of stability, where it will break down no further and might, if conditions do not change, remain essentially as it is for centuries, or millennia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus A liquid or semi-liquid mixture of water and some combination of soil, silt, and clay. EcoLexicon:mud LTER:356 SWEETRealm:Mud https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud mud A liquid or semi-liquid mixture of water and some combination of soil, silt, and clay. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_well ENVO ENVO:01000002 water well https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_well ENVO ENVO:01000003 oil well The concentration basin mediterranean sea biome comprises expressions of the mediterranean sea biome that have higher salinity than bordering oceans due to evaporation. Water exchange consists of inflow of the fresher oceanic water in the upper layer and outflow of the saltier mediterranean water in the lower layer of the connecting channel. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-19T09:32:59Z ENVO ENVO:01000004 concentration basin mediterranean sea biome The concentration basin mediterranean sea biome comprises expressions of the mediterranean sea biome that have higher salinity than bordering oceans due to evaporation. Water exchange consists of inflow of the fresher oceanic water in the upper layer and outflow of the saltier mediterranean water in the lower layer of the connecting channel. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_sea MERGED DEFINITION: TARGET DEFINITION: An oceanographic feature that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-deplete surface water. -------------------- SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surface of the water column from deeper regions. This is often a result of surface water displacement off continental coasts by wind action. Localised upwellings may also occur along divergent fronts around eddies and along some of the major oceanographic features. Deeper waters often have higher nutrient content; consequently blooms of primary producers, such as planktonic algae, are generally observed around upwelling zones. ENVO:01000063 EcoLexicon:upwell EcoLexicon:upwelling SWEETRealm:Upwelling https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upwelling marine upwelling This term is specific to marine upwellings. upwelling MERGED DEFINITION: TARGET DEFINITION: An oceanographic feature that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-deplete surface water. -------------------- SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surface of the water column from deeper regions. This is often a result of surface water displacement off continental coasts by wind action. Localised upwellings may also occur along divergent fronts around eddies and along some of the major oceanographic features. Deeper waters often have higher nutrient content; consequently blooms of primary producers, such as planktonic algae, are generally observed around upwelling zones. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upwelling An upwelling that is near a coast. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_upwelling ENVO ENVO:01000006 coastal upwelling An upwelling that is near a coast. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO ENVO:01000007 envoPolar microbial feature A multi-layered sheet of micro-organisms, mainly bacteria and archaea. Microbial mats grow at interfaces between different types of material, mostly on submerged or moist surfaces but a few survive in deserts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_mat ENVO ENVO:01000008 microbial mat A multi-layered sheet of micro-organisms, mainly bacteria and archaea. Microbial mats grow at interfaces between different types of material, mostly on submerged or moist surfaces but a few survive in deserts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_mat organic material feature biotic mesoscopic physical object ENVO ENVO:01000010 abiotic mesoscopic physical object FOODON:00001256 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy_product ENVO ENVO:01000011 obsolete dairy product true FOODON:00001257 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk ENVO ENVO:01000012 obsolete milk product true FOODON:00001258 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermented_food ENVO ENVO:01000013 obsolete fermented food product true FOODON:00001259 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine ENVO ENVO:01000014 obsolete wine true FOODON:00001260 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer ENVO ENVO:01000015 obsolete beer true Silt is granular material of a size somewhere between sand and clay whose mineral origin is quartz and feldspar. EcoLexicon:silt SWEETRealm:Silt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ In the Udden-Wentworth scale (due to Krumbein), silt particles range between 0.0039 to 0.0625 mm, larger than clay but smaller than sand particles. ISO 14688 grades silts between 0.002 mm and 0.063 mm. In actuality, silt is chemically distinct from clay, and unlike clay, grains of silt are approximately the same size in all dimensions; furthermore, their size ranges overlap. Clays are formed from thin plate-shaped particles held together by electrostatic forces, so present a cohesion. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Texture Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.05 mm particle size. The USDA system has been adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). In the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and the AASHTO Soil Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.075 mm particle size (i.e., material passing the #200 sieve). Silts and clays are distinguished mechanically by their plasticity. silt Silt is granular material of a size somewhere between sand and clay whose mineral origin is quartz and feldspar. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silt A naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles. EcoLexicon:sand LTER:484 SWEETRealm:Sand https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand ENVO ENVO:01000017 sand A naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand Gravel is an environmental material which is composed of pieces of rock that are at least two millimeters (2mm) in its largest dimension and no more than 75 millimeters. EcoLexicon:gravel SWEETRealm:Gravel https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravel ENVO ENVO:01000018 The logical def is a little off here - it should really suggest that a gravel is composed of many "pieces" of gravel. gravel Gravel is an environmental material which is composed of pieces of rock that are at least two millimeters (2mm) in its largest dimension and no more than 75 millimeters. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravel ENVO ENVO:01000019 surface layer with role "walking substrate" or similar. Indicate it is some sort of "bottom" cave floor Expressions of the estuarine biome occur at wide lower courses of a rivers where they flow into a sea. Estuaries experience tidal flows and their water is a changing mixture of fresh and salt. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z SPIRE:Estuarine ENVO ENVO:01000020 estuarine biome Expressions of the estuarine biome occur at wide lower courses of a rivers where they flow into a sea. Estuaries experience tidal flows and their water is a changing mixture of fresh and salt. ISBN-10:0618455043 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Expressions of the mangrove biome are typically found in tropical and sub-tropical tidal areas, in depositional coastal environments where fine sediments (often with high organic content) collect in areas protected from high energy wave action. A variety of characteristic trees and shrubs occur here and are able to withstand a high degree of salinity as well as regions of anoxia and frequent tidal inundation. These areas include estuaries and marine shorelines. ENVO:01000181 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z ENVO ENVO:01000021 obsolete mangrove biome true Expressions of the mangrove biome are typically found in tropical and sub-tropical tidal areas, in depositional coastal environments where fine sediments (often with high organic content) collect in areas protected from high energy wave action. A variety of characteristic trees and shrubs occur here and are able to withstand a high degree of salinity as well as regions of anoxia and frequent tidal inundation. These areas include estuaries and marine shorelines. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangrove The marine salt marsh biome comprises marshes that are transitional intertidals between land and salty or brackish marine water (e.g.: sloughs, bays, estuaries). It is dominated by halophytic (salt tolerant) herbaceous plants. The daily tidal surges bring in nutrients, which tend to settle in roots of the plants within the salt marsh. The natural chemical activity of salty (or brackish) water and the tendency of algae to bloom in the shallow unshaded water also allow for great biodiversity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z ENVO ENVO:01000022 marine salt marsh biome The marine salt marsh biome comprises marshes that are transitional intertidals between land and salty or brackish marine water (e.g.: sloughs, bays, estuaries). It is dominated by halophytic (salt tolerant) herbaceous plants. The daily tidal surges bring in nutrients, which tend to settle in roots of the plants within the salt marsh. The natural chemical activity of salty (or brackish) water and the tendency of algae to bloom in the shallow unshaded water also allow for great biodiversity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_marsh The marine pelagic biome (pelagic meaning open sea) is that of the marine water column, from the surface to the greatest depths. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z ENVO ENVO:01000023 envoPolar marine pelagic biome The marine pelagic biome (pelagic meaning open sea) is that of the marine water column, from the surface to the greatest depths. ISBN:0750633840 The marine benthic biome (benthic meaning 'bottom') encompasses the seafloor and includes such areas as shores, littoral or intertidal areas, marine coral reefs, and the deep seabed. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z SPIRE:Benthic ENVO ENVO:01000024 envoPolar marine benthic biome The marine benthic biome (benthic meaning 'bottom') encompasses the seafloor and includes such areas as shores, littoral or intertidal areas, marine coral reefs, and the deep seabed. ISBN:0750633840 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The marine neritic zone biome comprises sea floor from the high tide mark to a continental shelf break. This zone generally extends to 200 m below average sea level. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:18:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000025 envoPolar marine neritic benthic zone biome The marine neritic zone biome comprises sea floor from the high tide mark to a continental shelf break. This zone generally extends to 200 m below average sea level. ISBN:044482619X ISBN:0750633840 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The marine bathyal zone biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome between approximately 200 m and 3000 m depth. This zone generally coincides with the continental slope. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:18:40Z marine bathyal zone biome The marine bathyal zone biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome between approximately 200 m and 3000 m depth. This zone generally coincides with the continental slope. ISBN:044482619X ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The marine abyssal zone biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome between approximately 2500 m and 6000 m depth. This zone generally coincides with the continental rise and the abyssal plain. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:18:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000027 marine abyssal zone biome The marine abyssal zone biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome between approximately 2500 m and 6000 m depth. This zone generally coincides with the continental rise and the abyssal plain. ISBN:044482619X ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The marine hadal zone biome describes sea floor deeper than 6000 m such as that of the oceanic trenches. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:18:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000028 marine hadal zone biome The marine hadal zone biome describes sea floor deeper than 6000 m such as that of the oceanic trenches. ISBN:044482619X ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A biome expressed by strips or ridges of rocks, sand, or coral that rises to or near the surface of a body of marine water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:18:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000029 marine reef biome A biome expressed by strips or ridges of rocks, sand, or coral that rises to or near the surface of a body of marine water. ISBN-10:0618455043 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The marine hydrothermal vent biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome where heat generated due to tectonic activity, either at divergent plate boundaries or convergent ocean plates where back-arc spreading occurs, is released or 'vented' to the surface. The resultant high temperature water jets are laden with dissolved metals and minerals. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:18:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000030 marine hydrothermal vent biome The marine hydrothermal vent biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome where heat generated due to tectonic activity, either at divergent plate boundaries or convergent ocean plates where back-arc spreading occurs, is released or 'vented' to the surface. The resultant high temperature water jets are laden with dissolved metals and minerals. ISBN:044482619X ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of a marine biome. ENVO:00001999 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:04:50Z ENVO ENVO:01000031 obsolete marine feature true A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of a marine biome. ISBN-10:0618455043 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The neritic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column above a continental shelf. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:19:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000032 neritic pelagic zone biome The neritic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column above a continental shelf. ISBN:044482619X ISBN:0750633840 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The oceanic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column offshore, beyond a continental shelf. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:19:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000033 oceanic pelagic zone biome The oceanic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column offshore, beyond a continental shelf. ISBN:044482619X ISBN:0750633840 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The oceanic sea surface microlayer (SML) biome comprises the top 1000 micrometers of the marine surface waters occurring offshore, away from a continental shelf. It is the boundary layer where all exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the ocean. The chemical, physical, and biological properties of the SML differ greatly from the sub-surface water just a few centimeters beneath. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000034 oceanic sea surface microlayer biome The oceanic sea surface microlayer (SML) biome comprises the top 1000 micrometers of the marine surface waters occurring offshore, away from a continental shelf. It is the boundary layer where all exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the ocean. The chemical, physical, and biological properties of the SML differ greatly from the sub-surface water just a few centimeters beneath. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_surface_microlayer The oceanic epipelagic zone biome comprises regions of the marine water column that occur offshore, beyond a continental shelf. This biome extends from the surface of the ocean to a depth of ca. 200-250m. Throughout the zone the light field tends to be asymmetrical vertically, so that the direction and elevation of the sun can still be detected. The oceanic epipelagic zone biome encompasses the euphotic zone and, where and when it occurs, the seasonal thermocline. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000035 oceanic epipelagic zone biome The oceanic epipelagic zone biome comprises regions of the marine water column that occur offshore, beyond a continental shelf. This biome extends from the surface of the ocean to a depth of ca. 200-250m. Throughout the zone the light field tends to be asymmetrical vertically, so that the direction and elevation of the sun can still be detected. The oceanic epipelagic zone biome encompasses the euphotic zone and, where and when it occurs, the seasonal thermocline. ISBN:044482619X ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The oceanic mesopelagic zone biome comprises regions of the marine water column that occur offshore, beyond a continental shelf. This biome extends through the water column from approximately 200-1000 m depth - the maximal depth of light penetration in all but the clearest oligotrophic ocean regions. In comparison to the epipelagic zone, dominant forms of pelagic organisms do not change very much; however, there are marked changes in species composition and the proportion of smaller-sized individuals decreases. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000036 oceanic mesopelagic zone biome The oceanic mesopelagic zone biome comprises regions of the marine water column that occur offshore, beyond a continental shelf. This biome extends through the water column from approximately 200-1000 m depth - the maximal depth of light penetration in all but the clearest oligotrophic ocean regions. In comparison to the epipelagic zone, dominant forms of pelagic organisms do not change very much; however, there are marked changes in species composition and the proportion of smaller-sized individuals decreases. ISBN:044482619X ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The bathypelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column below approximately 1000 m water depth - the maximum depth to which detectable daylight penetrates in all but the clearest oligotrophic waters - and extends to about 2500 - 2700 m water depth. In the temperate Atlantic, the beginning of the bathypelagic zone biome approximates to the deep oxygen minimum and the base of the permanent thermocline. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000037 oceanic bathypelagic zone biome The bathypelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column below approximately 1000 m water depth - the maximum depth to which detectable daylight penetrates in all but the clearest oligotrophic waters - and extends to about 2500 - 2700 m water depth. In the temperate Atlantic, the beginning of the bathypelagic zone biome approximates to the deep oxygen minimum and the base of the permanent thermocline. ISBN:044482619X ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The abyssopelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column below the bathypelagic zone biome at approximately 2500 -2700 m and extends either to the hadal pelagic zone biome (at approximately 6000 m) or to the benthopelagic zone biome within ca. 100 m of the seafloor. The depth of 2700 m may be critical for physiological reasons as the change in hydrostatic pressure across this depth may preclude organism migration. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000038 oceanic abyssopelagic zone biome The abyssopelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column below the bathypelagic zone biome at approximately 2500 -2700 m and extends either to the hadal pelagic zone biome (at approximately 6000 m) or to the benthopelagic zone biome within ca. 100 m of the seafloor. The depth of 2700 m may be critical for physiological reasons as the change in hydrostatic pressure across this depth may preclude organism migration. ISBN:044482619X ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The oceanic hadal pelagic zone biome comprises the water column in oceanic trenches occurring at depths between 6000m and 10,000m. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000039 oceanic hadal pelagic zone biome The oceanic hadal pelagic zone biome comprises the water column in oceanic trenches occurring at depths between 6000m and 10,000m. ISBN:044482619X ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The benthopelagic zone biome comprises regions of the marine water column which usually coincide with the benthic boundary layer (BBL) - the layer of isothermal and isohaline water contiguous to the sea floor. A general reversal in the declining gradient of pelagic biomass may be observed here, perhaps explained by viable nutrition on the sea floor being resuspended by bottom currents. This zone typically extends 100 m above the seafloor, but may reach upto1000 m during benthic storms. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000040 oceanic benthopelagic zone biome The benthopelagic zone biome comprises regions of the marine water column which usually coincide with the benthic boundary layer (BBL) - the layer of isothermal and isohaline water contiguous to the sea floor. A general reversal in the declining gradient of pelagic biomass may be observed here, perhaps explained by viable nutrition on the sea floor being resuspended by bottom currents. This zone typically extends 100 m above the seafloor, but may reach upto1000 m during benthic storms. ISBN:044482619X ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The neritic sea surface microlayer (SML) biome comprises the top 1000 micrometers of marine surface waters occurring above a continental shelf. It is the boundary layer where all exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the ocean. The chemical, physical, and biological properties of the SML differ greatly from the sub-surface water just a few centimeters beneath. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:22:09Z ENVO ENVO:01000041 neritic sea surface microlayer biome The neritic sea surface microlayer (SML) biome comprises the top 1000 micrometers of marine surface waters occurring above a continental shelf. It is the boundary layer where all exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the ocean. The chemical, physical, and biological properties of the SML differ greatly from the sub-surface water just a few centimeters beneath. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_surface_microlayer The neritic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column that occurs above a continental shelf and extends from the surface of the ocean to a depth of ca. 200-250m. Throughout the zone the light field tends to be asymmetrical vertically, so that the direction and elevation of the sun can still be detected. The epipelagic zone encompasses the euphotic zone and, where and when it occurs, the seasonal thermocline. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:22:09Z ENVO ENVO:01000042 neritic epipelagic zone biome The neritic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column that occurs above a continental shelf and extends from the surface of the ocean to a depth of ca. 200-250m. Throughout the zone the light field tends to be asymmetrical vertically, so that the direction and elevation of the sun can still be detected. The epipelagic zone encompasses the euphotic zone and, where and when it occurs, the seasonal thermocline. ISBN:044482619X ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The neritic mesopelagic zone biome comprises the marine column that occurs above a continental shelf and extends from approximately 200 to 1000 m depth - the maximal depth of light penetration in all but the clearest oligotrophic ocean regions. In comparison to the epipelagic zone, dominant forms of pelagic organisms do not change very much; however, there are marked changes in species composition and the proportion of smaller-sized individuals decreases. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:22:09Z ENVO ENVO:01000043 neritic mesopelagic zone biome The neritic mesopelagic zone biome comprises the marine column that occurs above a continental shelf and extends from approximately 200 to 1000 m depth - the maximal depth of light penetration in all but the clearest oligotrophic ocean regions. In comparison to the epipelagic zone, dominant forms of pelagic organisms do not change very much; however, there are marked changes in species composition and the proportion of smaller-sized individuals decreases. ISBN:044482619X ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of environments occurring within the marine water column. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:10:50Z ENVO ENVO:01000044 envoPolar marine pelagic feature A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of environments occurring within the marine water column. ISBN-10:0618455043 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The epeiric sea (also known as an epicontinental sea) biome comprises a shallow seas that extend over part of a continent. Epeiric seas are usually associated with the marine transgressions of the geologic past, which have variously been due to either global eustatic sea level changes, local tectonic deformation, or both, and are occasionally semi-cyclic. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:23:23Z epicontinental sea biome ENVO ENVO:01000045 epeiric sea biome The epeiric sea (also known as an epicontinental sea) biome comprises a shallow seas that extend over part of a continent. Epeiric seas are usually associated with the marine transgressions of the geologic past, which have variously been due to either global eustatic sea level changes, local tectonic deformation, or both, and are occasionally semi-cyclic. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epeiric_sea epicontinental sea biome https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epeiric_sea The marginal sea biome comprises parts of an ocean partially enclosed by land such as islands, archipelagos, or peninsulas. Unlike mediterranean seas, marginal seas have ocean currents caused by ocean winds. Many marginal seas are enclosed by island arcs that were formed from the subduction of one oceanic plate beneath another. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:23:23Z marginal sea biome The marginal sea biome comprises parts of an ocean partially enclosed by land such as islands, archipelagos, or peninsulas. Unlike mediterranean seas, marginal seas have ocean currents caused by ocean winds. Many marginal seas are enclosed by island arcs that were formed from the subduction of one oceanic plate beneath another. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_sea The mediterranean sea biome comprises mostly enclosed seas that have limited exchange of deep water with outer oceans and where the water circulation is dominated by salinity and temperature differences rather than winds. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:23:23Z mediterranean sea biome The mediterranean sea biome comprises mostly enclosed seas that have limited exchange of deep water with outer oceans and where the water circulation is dominated by salinity and temperature differences rather than winds. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_sea The ocean biome comprises major bodies of saline water, principal components of the hydrosphere. Approximately 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by ocean, a continuous body of water that is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas. More than half of this area is over 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) deep. Average oceanic salinity is around 35 parts per thousand (ppt) (3.5%), and nearly all seawater has a salinity in the range of 30 to 38 ppt. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:23:23Z ENVO ENVO:01000048 envoPolar ocean biome The ocean biome comprises major bodies of saline water, principal components of the hydrosphere. Approximately 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by ocean, a continuous body of water that is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas. More than half of this area is over 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) deep. Average oceanic salinity is around 35 parts per thousand (ppt) (3.5%), and nearly all seawater has a salinity in the range of 30 to 38 ppt. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean The marine coral reef biome comprises constructional wave-resistant entities which are primarily built by corals and are often cemented together. The growth of these structures is aided by zooxanthellae, algae that are symbiotic with the reef-building corals. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:27:06Z ENVO ENVO:01000049 marine coral reef biome The marine coral reef biome comprises constructional wave-resistant entities which are primarily built by corals and are often cemented together. The growth of these structures is aided by zooxanthellae, algae that are symbiotic with the reef-building corals. ISBN:0750633840 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The marine rocky subtidal reef biome comprises regions of the marine reef biome composed mainly of rock and which harbour abundant communities of algae and invertebrates. These reefs are often very patchy, with alterations of rocks dominated by rich invertebrate assemblages and turf-forming calcareous red algae. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:27:06Z ENVO ENVO:01000050 marine subtidal rocky reef biome The marine rocky subtidal reef biome comprises regions of the marine reef biome composed mainly of rock and which harbour abundant communities of algae and invertebrates. These reefs are often very patchy, with alterations of rocks dominated by rich invertebrate assemblages and turf-forming calcareous red algae. ISBN:0750633840 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A marine black smoker biome comprises regions of the marine hydrothermal vent biome characterised by a black vent plume. This black plume is a consequence of dissolved metals and minerals forming complexes with sulphide and indicates polymetallic sulphide mineral deposits beneath the surface. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:29:37Z ENVO ENVO:01000051 marine black smoker biome A marine black smoker biome comprises regions of the marine hydrothermal vent biome characterised by a black vent plume. This black plume is a consequence of dissolved metals and minerals forming complexes with sulphide and indicates polymetallic sulphide mineral deposits beneath the surface. ISBN:044482619X ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A marine white smoker biome comprises regions of the marine hydrothermal vent biome characterised by lightly hued plumes, typically containing barium, calcium, and silicon. These vents tend to have lower temperature plumes when compared to black smoker environments. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:29:37Z ENVO ENVO:01000052 marine white smoker biome A marine white smoker biome comprises regions of the marine hydrothermal vent biome characterised by lightly hued plumes, typically containing barium, calcium, and silicon. These vents tend to have lower temperature plumes when compared to black smoker environments. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_vent A marine ultramafic hydrothermal vent biome comprises regions of themarine hydrothermal vent biome hosted on ultramafic (also referred to as ultrabasic) rocks. Ultramafic rocks are igneous and meta-igneous rocks with very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are composed of usually greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content). The Earth's mantle is composed of ultramafic rocks. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:29:37Z ENVO ENVO:01000053 marine ultramafic hydrothermal vent biome A marine ultramafic hydrothermal vent biome comprises regions of themarine hydrothermal vent biome hosted on ultramafic (also referred to as ultrabasic) rocks. Ultramafic rocks are igneous and meta-igneous rocks with very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are composed of usually greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content). The Earth's mantle is composed of ultramafic rocks. ISBN:044482619X ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultramafic A marine basaltic hydrothermal vent biome comprises regions of the marine hydrothermal vent biome hosted on basaltic rocks. Basalt generally has a composition of 45 to 55 wt % SiO2, 2 to 6 wt % total alkalis, 0.5 to 2.0 wt % TiO2, 5 to 14 wt % FeO and 14 wt % or more Al2O3. Contents of CaO are commonly near 10 wt %, those of MgO commonly in the range 5 to 12 wt %. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:29:37Z ENVO ENVO:01000054 marine basaltic hydrothermal vent biome A marine basaltic hydrothermal vent biome comprises regions of the marine hydrothermal vent biome hosted on basaltic rocks. Basalt generally has a composition of 45 to 55 wt % SiO2, 2 to 6 wt % total alkalis, 0.5 to 2.0 wt % TiO2, 5 to 14 wt % FeO and 14 wt % or more Al2O3. Contents of CaO are commonly near 10 wt %, those of MgO commonly in the range 5 to 12 wt %. ISBN:044482619X ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt ENVO:00002149 ENVO:01000061 ENVO:01000295 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:12:30Z ENVO ENVO:01000055 obsolete marine bulk water true ENVO:01000301 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:12:30Z ENVO ENVO:01000056 obsolete estuarine bulk water true A marine algal bloom is a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae in a marine system. Typically, only one or a small number of phytoplankton species are involved. Although there is no officially recognized threshold level, algae can be considered to be blooming at concentrations of hundreds to thousands of cells per milliliter, depending on the severity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:12:30Z EcoLexicon:red_tide red tide ENVO ENVO:01000057 envoPolar marine algal bloom A marine algal bloom is a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae in a marine system. Typically, only one or a small number of phytoplankton species are involved. Although there is no officially recognized threshold level, algae can be considered to be blooming at concentrations of hundreds to thousands of cells per milliliter, depending on the severity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algal_bloom red tide https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_tide Kelp forests are underwater areas with a high density of kelp. They are recognized as one of the most productive and dynamic ecosystems on Earth. Smaller areas of anchored kelp are called kelp beds. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:12:30Z ENVO kelp bed ENVO:01000058 Kelp forests and beds may extend many meters above the sea floor, thus should not be considered a type of "bed". kelp forest Kelp forests are underwater areas with a high density of kelp. They are recognized as one of the most productive and dynamic ecosystems on Earth. Smaller areas of anchored kelp are called kelp beds. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelp_Forest kelp bed https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelp_forest A bed of a marine, saline water body which is covered by one or more speices of seagrass typically belonging to the families Posidoniaceae, Zosteraceae, Hydrocharitaceae, or Cymodoceaceae. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:12:30Z seagrass bed seagrass meadow "Seagrass beds are highly diverse and productive ecosystems, and can harbor hundreds of associated species from all phyla, for example juvenile and adult fish, epiphytic and free-living macroalgae and microalgae, mollusks, bristle worms, and nematodes. Few species were originally considered to feed directly on seagrass leaves (partly because of their low nutritional content), but scientific reviews and improved working methods have shown that seagrass herbivory is a highly important link in the food chain, with hundreds of species feeding on seagrasses worldwide, including green turtles, dugongs, manatees, fish, geese, swans, sea urchins and crabs." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seagrass 2016-01-18 sea grass bed A bed of a marine, saline water body which is covered by one or more speices of seagrass typically belonging to the families Posidoniaceae, Zosteraceae, Hydrocharitaceae, or Cymodoceaceae. ISBN:0195141725 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seagrass Particulate material is an environmental material which is composed of microscopic portions of solid or liquid material suspended in another environmental material. Subclasses should be assigned by inference. envoPolar particulate matter The upper part of the marine water column with generally uniform properties resulting from wind-driven mixing. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z epipelagic mixed layer envoMarine envoPolar marine wind mixed layer The upper part of the marine water column with generally uniform properties resulting from wind-driven mixing. ISBN:044482619X ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Benthic storms are strong benthic (near bottom) currents transporting sediment, created by the input of energy (largely kinetic) to the seabed. In regions with high mesoscale eddy activity, benthic storms are frequent and can create isohaline and isothermal conditions extending as much as 1000m above the seafloor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z marine benthic storm Benthic storms are strong benthic (near bottom) currents transporting sediment, created by the input of energy (largely kinetic) to the seabed. In regions with high mesoscale eddy activity, benthic storms are frequent and can create isohaline and isothermal conditions extending as much as 1000m above the seafloor. ISBN:044482619X ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A portion of planktonic material is a portion of environmental material primarily composed of plankton. See Issue #251. Awaiting class creation in PCO to attempt logical definitions. envoPolar planktonic material A marine downwelling describes a net current of marine surface water towards deeper regions of the water column. Marine downwellings are usually caused by differences in the density (and hence, temperature and salinity) of seawater. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000064 marine downwelling A marine downwelling describes a net current of marine surface water towards deeper regions of the water column. Marine downwellings are usually caused by differences in the density (and hence, temperature and salinity) of seawater. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000065 envoPolar marine oxygen minimum zone Marine anoxic zones are areas of marine water that are depleted of dissolved oxygen. This condition is generally found in areas that have restricted water exchange. In most cases, oxygen is prevented from reaching the deeper levels by a physical barrier (sill) as well as by a pronounced density stratification. Anoxic conditions will occur if the rate of oxidation of organic matter by bacteria is greater than the supply of dissolved oxygen. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z SWEETRealm:DeadZone dead zone envoPolar marine anoxic zone Marine anoxic zones are areas of marine water that are depleted of dissolved oxygen. This condition is generally found in areas that have restricted water exchange. In most cases, oxygen is prevented from reaching the deeper levels by a physical barrier (sill) as well as by a pronounced density stratification. Anoxic conditions will occur if the rate of oxidation of organic matter by bacteria is greater than the supply of dissolved oxygen. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anoxic_waters A hydroform which is maintained by a continuous, directed movement of marine water, generated by forces caused by breaking waves, wind, Coriolis force, temperature and salinity differences, and tides caused by the gravitational pull of astronomical bodies. Depth contours, shoreline configurations and interaction with other currents influence a current's direction and strength. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z EcoLexicon:marine_current envoPolar marine current A hydroform which is maintained by a continuous, directed movement of marine water, generated by forces caused by breaking waves, wind, Coriolis force, temperature and salinity differences, and tides caused by the gravitational pull of astronomical bodies. Depth contours, shoreline configurations and interaction with other currents influence a current's direction and strength. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current Marine streamers are tongues of cold water that extend > 100 km offshore from upwelling regions. Enhanced primary productivity may occur in these waters as they are typically more nutrient rich than marine surface waters. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z marine streamer Marine streamers are tongues of cold water that extend > 100 km offshore from upwelling regions. Enhanced primary productivity may occur in these waters as they are typically more nutrient rich than marine surface waters. ISBN:044482619X ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Mesoscale marine eddies are characterized by currents which flow in a roughly circular motion around the center of the eddy. The sense of rotation of these currents may either be cyclonic or anticyclonic. Ocean eddies are also usually made of water masses that are different to those outside of the eddy. Marine mesoscale eddies are between about 10 and 500 km in diameter, and persist for periods of days to months. They may be formed when an ocean current develops an instability. This instability grows, causing the current to meander, and eventually an eddy is pinched off from the meander. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z mesoscale marine eddy Mesoscale marine eddies are characterized by currents which flow in a roughly circular motion around the center of the eddy. The sense of rotation of these currents may either be cyclonic or anticyclonic. Ocean eddies are also usually made of water masses that are different to those outside of the eddy. Marine mesoscale eddies are between about 10 and 500 km in diameter, and persist for periods of days to months. They may be formed when an ocean current develops an instability. This instability grows, causing the current to meander, and eventually an eddy is pinched off from the meander. ISBN:044482619X ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_(fluid_dynamics) Sediment comprised of weathered continental rocks, wind blown dust, volcanic ash or other terrestrial material. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:14:02Z EcoLexicon:terrigenous_sediment SWEETRealm:TerrigenousSediment ENVO ENVO:01000070 terrigenous sediment Sediment comprised of weathered continental rocks, wind blown dust, volcanic ash or other terrestrial material. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 An oceanic front is a narrow zone of enhanced horizontal gradients of water properties (temperature, salinity, nutrients, etc.) that separates broader areas with different water masses or different vertical structure (stratification). ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000071 oceanic front An oceanic front is a narrow zone of enhanced horizontal gradients of water properties (temperature, salinity, nutrients, etc.) that separates broader areas with different water masses or different vertical structure (stratification). DOI:10.1016/j.pocean.2009.04.015 ISBN10::0717259463 A marine Taylor column is a Taylor column that is formed in a marine body of water. Currents flowing over shoaling topography such as seamounts are accelerated and destabilised, resulting in Taylor columns. Eddies and internal waves are generated downstream of the topological feature and may extend 1000 m or so above them. This may result in a localised increase in primary production where the Taylor column reaches surface waters. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000072 marine Taylor column A marine Taylor column is a Taylor column that is formed in a marine body of water. Currents flowing over shoaling topography such as seamounts are accelerated and destabilised, resulting in Taylor columns. Eddies and internal waves are generated downstream of the topological feature and may extend 1000 m or so above them. This may result in a localised increase in primary production where the Taylor column reaches surface waters. ISBN:044482619X ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_column An expanse of marine water characterised by low concentrations of nutrients such as phosphate, nitrate as well as organic matter and, hence, low primary productivity. These regions tend to have high dissolved oxygen levels due to a lack of respiration. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000073 marine oligotrophic desert An expanse of marine water characterised by low concentrations of nutrients such as phosphate, nitrate as well as organic matter and, hence, low primary productivity. These regions tend to have high dissolved oxygen levels due to a lack of respiration. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A gyre in oceanography is any large system of rotating ocean currents, particularly those involved with large wind movements. Gyres are caused by the Coriolis Effect; planetary vorticity along with horizontal and vertical friction, which determine the circulation patterns from the wind curl (torque). ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z SWEETRealm:OceanGyre oceanic gyre A gyre in oceanography is any large system of rotating ocean currents, particularly those involved with large wind movements. Gyres are caused by the Coriolis Effect; planetary vorticity along with horizontal and vertical friction, which determine the circulation patterns from the wind curl (torque). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_gyre The marine thermocline describes a sharp change in the temperature of seawater (in relation to the temperature gradients of the water mass surrounding it) in the marine water column, which is usually associated with rapid changes in water density and salinity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000075 envoPolar marine thermocline The marine thermocline describes a sharp change in the temperature of seawater (in relation to the temperature gradients of the water mass surrounding it) in the marine water column, which is usually associated with rapid changes in water density and salinity. ISBN:044482619X ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A marine chemocline is a marine cline caused by a strong, vertical chemistry gradient within a body of marine water. Chemoclines most commonly occur where local conditions favor the formations of anoxic bottom water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000076 envoPolar marine chemocline A marine chemocline is a marine cline caused by a strong, vertical chemistry gradient within a body of marine water. Chemoclines most commonly occur where local conditions favor the formations of anoxic bottom water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemocline The marine pycnocline describes a sharp change in the density of seawater (in relation to the gradients of the water mass surrounding it) in the marine water column. Pycnoclines are usually associated with thermo- and haloclines. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z envoPolar marine pycnocline The marine pycnocline describes a sharp change in the density of seawater (in relation to the gradients of the water mass surrounding it) in the marine water column. Pycnoclines are usually associated with thermo- and haloclines. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_layer The marine nutricline describes a sharp change in the nutrient content of seawater (in relation to the gradients of the water mass surrounding it) in the marine water column. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000078 envoPolar marine nutricline The marine nutricline describes a sharp change in the nutrient content of seawater (in relation to the gradients of the water mass surrounding it) in the marine water column. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_layer The marine lysocline denotes the depth in the ocean below which the rate of dissolution of calcite increases dramatically. As water column depth and therefore pressure increases, the corresponding calcite saturation of seawater decreases and the calcite begins dissolve. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000079 envoPolar marine lysocline The marine lysocline denotes the depth in the ocean below which the rate of dissolution of calcite increases dramatically. As water column depth and therefore pressure increases, the corresponding calcite saturation of seawater decreases and the calcite begins dissolve. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysocline A roughly planar, pelagic region characterised by equal water temperature. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z envoPolar pelagic isothermal surface A roughly planar, pelagic region characterised by equal water temperature. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A roughly planar, pelagic region characterised by equal salinity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z envoPolar pelagic isohaline surface A roughly planar, pelagic region characterised by equal salinity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Biogenous sediment is derived from living organisms, typically planktonic organisms possessing shells, frustules or coccoliths. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:14:02Z ENVO ENVO:01000082 envoPolar biogenous sediment Biogenous sediment is derived from living organisms, typically planktonic organisms possessing shells, frustules or coccoliths. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A roughly planar, pelagic region characterised by equal water density. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z envoPolar pelagic isopycnal surface A roughly planar, pelagic region characterised by equal water density. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000084 estuarine front ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000085 plume front ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000086 coastal buoyancy current front ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000087 tidal mixing front ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000088 mid-shelf fronts ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000089 shelf-slope/shelf-break front ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000090 coastal upwelling front ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000091 topographic upwelling front ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000092 equatorial upwelling front ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000093 boundary current front A convergence front which is located in a region subject to subtropical climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z subtropical convergence front ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000095 marginal ice zone front ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000096 water mass front ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000097 surface convergence A marine current that generally occurs below the permanent thermocline (where it occurs) or below 400 m depth and that is driven by density and temperature gradients. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:24:56Z deep ocean current A marine current that generally occurs below the permanent thermocline (where it occurs) or below 400 m depth and that is driven by density and temperature gradients. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current A marine current bordered by the surface of the water column and the permanent thermocline, where it occurs. Surface currents are mostly wind driven and mostly limited to the top 400 m of the water column. Ocean currents are driven by the circulation of wind above surface waters. Frictional stress at the interface between the ocean and the wind causes the water to move in the direction of the wind. Large ocean currents are a response of the atmosphere and ocean to the flow of energy from the tropics to polar regions. In some cases, currents are transient features and affect only a small area. Other ocean currents are essentially permanent and extend over large horizontal distances. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:24:56Z marine surface current A marine current bordered by the surface of the water column and the permanent thermocline, where it occurs. Surface currents are mostly wind driven and mostly limited to the top 400 m of the water column. Ocean currents are driven by the circulation of wind above surface waters. Frictional stress at the interface between the ocean and the wind causes the water to move in the direction of the wind. Large ocean currents are a response of the atmosphere and ocean to the flow of energy from the tropics to polar regions. In some cases, currents are transient features and affect only a small area. Other ocean currents are essentially permanent and extend over large horizontal distances. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 URL:http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8q.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current A marine surface current that flows along an oceanic front. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:26:13Z ENVO ENVO:01000100 along-front current A marine surface current that flows along an oceanic front. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:26:13Z ENVO ENVO:01000101 warm surface current ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:26:13Z ENVO ENVO:01000102 cold surface current A warm water, narrow marine surface current flowing from the equator to high latitudes at speeds between 40 and 120 kilometers per day. Western boundary currents are the deepest ocean surface flows, usually extending 1000 meters below the ocean surface. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:26:13Z SWEETRealm:WesternBoundaryCurrent ENVO ENVO:01000103 western boundary current A warm water, narrow marine surface current flowing from the equator to high latitudes at speeds between 40 and 120 kilometers per day. Western boundary currents are the deepest ocean surface flows, usually extending 1000 meters below the ocean surface. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 URL:http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8q.html A cold water, broad marine surface current flowing from high latitudes to the equator at speeds between 3 and 7 kilometers per day. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:26:13Z SWEETRealm:EasternBoundaryCurrent ENVO ENVO:01000104 eastern boundary current A cold water, broad marine surface current flowing from high latitudes to the equator at speeds between 3 and 7 kilometers per day. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 URL:http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8q.html A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of environments occurring on or along marine benthic environments. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:27:00Z ENVO ENVO:01000105 marine benthic feature A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of environments occurring on or along marine benthic environments. ISBN-10:0618455043 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The permanent marine thermocline describes a marine thermocline found in temperate to tropical latitudes, which marks the transition between warm waters and cold deep waters. The permanent thermocline separates the marine cold-water sphere and the marine warm-water sphere ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T02:31:24Z ENVO ENVO:01000106 envoPolar permanent marine thermocline The permanent marine thermocline describes a marine thermocline found in temperate to tropical latitudes, which marks the transition between warm waters and cold deep waters. The permanent thermocline separates the marine cold-water sphere and the marine warm-water sphere ISBN:044482619X ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The seasonal marine thermocline is a marine thermocline, which generally occurs below the marine wind mixed layer. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T02:31:24Z ENVO ENVO:01000107 envoPolar seasonal marine thermocline The seasonal marine thermocline is a marine thermocline, which generally occurs below the marine wind mixed layer. ISBN:044482619X ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The marine cold-water sphere describes a water mass extending from the polar seas and across low latitudes at depths of ca. 800 to 1000 m, which is separated from the marine warm-water sphere by the permanent marine thermocline ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T02:39:37Z ENVO ENVO:01000108 envoPolar marine cold-water sphere The marine cold-water sphere describes a water mass extending from the polar seas and across low latitudes at depths of ca. 800 to 1000 m, which is separated from the marine warm-water sphere by the permanent marine thermocline ISBN:044482619X ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The marine warm-water sphere describes a water mass extending to depths of ca. 800 to 1000 m in low and middle latitudes. It is separated from the marine cold-water sphere by the permanent marine thermocline ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T02:42:39Z ENVO ENVO:01000109 marine warm-water sphere The marine warm-water sphere describes a water mass extending to depths of ca. 800 to 1000 m in low and middle latitudes. It is separated from the marine cold-water sphere by the permanent marine thermocline ISBN:044482619X ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Hydrogenous sediment is derived from solutes that precipitate out of sea water by a variety of chemical reactions. These are typically less abundant than other sediment types. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:14:02Z SWEETRealm:HydrogenousSediment hydrogenous sediment Hydrogenous sediment is derived from solutes that precipitate out of sea water by a variety of chemical reactions. These are typically less abundant than other sediment types. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Cosmogenous sediment is derived from extraterrestrial dust and debris in the form of meteorites and similar entities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:14:02Z ENVO ENVO:01000111 cosmogenous sediment Cosmogenous sediment is derived from extraterrestrial dust and debris in the form of meteorites and similar entities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Polymetallic nodules, also called manganese nodules, are rock concretions on the sea bottom formed of concentric layers of iron and manganese hydroxides around a core. Nodules vary in size from tiny particles visible only under a microscope to large pellets more than 20 centimetres (8 in) across. However, most nodules are between 5 and 10 cm in diameter. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:14:02Z manganese nodule ENVO ENVO:01000112 polymetallic nodule Polymetallic nodules, also called manganese nodules, are rock concretions on the sea bottom formed of concentric layers of iron and manganese hydroxides around a core. Nodules vary in size from tiny particles visible only under a microscope to large pellets more than 20 centimetres (8 in) across. However, most nodules are between 5 and 10 cm in diameter. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese_nodule manganese nodule https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese_nodule Suspended sediment, or suspended load, is the term for the particles settle slowly enough to be carried in flowing water (such as a stream or coastal area) either without touching the bed or while only intermittently touching it. These particles are generally of the fine sand, silt and clay size, although larger particles may be carried as well depending on the intensity of the flow. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:17:02Z ENVO ENVO:01000113 suspended sediment Suspended sediment, or suspended load, is the term for the particles settle slowly enough to be carried in flowing water (such as a stream or coastal area) either without touching the bed or while only intermittently touching it. These particles are generally of the fine sand, silt and clay size, although larger particles may be carried as well depending on the intensity of the flow. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspended_load Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter greater than 256 mm. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z ENVO ENVO:01000114 boulder sediment Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter greater than 256 mm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_size Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 64 and 256 mm. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z cobble sediment Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 64 and 256 mm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_size Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 4 and 32 mm. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z ENVO ENVO:01000116 pebble sediment Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 4 and 32 mm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_size Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 2 and 4 mm. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z granular sediment Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 2 and 4 mm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_size Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 62.5 micrometers and 2 mm. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z ENVO ENVO:01000118 sandy sediment Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 62.5 micrometers and 2 mm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_size Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 3.9 and 62.5 micrometers. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z silty sediment Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 3.9 and 62.5 micrometers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_size Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 1 and 3.9 micrometers. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z clay sediment Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 1 and 3.9 micrometers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_size Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter below 1 micrometer. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z colloidal sediment Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter below 1 micrometer. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_size A marine hydrothermal vent is a marine benthic feature where heat generated due to tectonic activity, either at divergent plate boundaries or convergent ocean plates where back-arc spreading occurs, is released or 'vented' to the surface. The resultant high temperature water jets are laden with dissolved metals and minerals. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T02:13:33Z ENVO ENVO:01000122 marine hydrothermal vent A marine hydrothermal vent is a marine benthic feature where heat generated due to tectonic activity, either at divergent plate boundaries or convergent ocean plates where back-arc spreading occurs, is released or 'vented' to the surface. The resultant high temperature water jets are laden with dissolved metals and minerals. ISBN:044482619X ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The marine sponge reef biome comprises marine reefs primarily built by marine sponges. The primary frame-building sponges are all members of the order Hexactinosa. They are found only in glacier-scoured troughs of low-angle continental shelf. The seafloor is stable and consists of rock, coarse gravel, and large boulders. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T04:43:05Z ENVO ENVO:01000123 marine sponge reef biome The marine sponge reef biome comprises marine reefs primarily built by marine sponges. The primary frame-building sponges are all members of the order Hexactinosa. They are found only in glacier-scoured troughs of low-angle continental shelf. The seafloor is stable and consists of rock, coarse gravel, and large boulders. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge_reef The supralittoral zone is the area above the spring high tide line that is regularly splashed, but not submerged by ocean water. Seawater penetrates these elevated areas only during storms with high tides. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T09:01:45Z supralittoral zone marine supralittoral zone ENVO splash zone spray zone supratidal zone ENVO:01000124 marine supra-littoral zone The supralittoral zone is the area above the spring high tide line that is regularly splashed, but not submerged by ocean water. Seawater penetrates these elevated areas only during storms with high tides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone supralittoral zone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone splash zone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone spray zone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone supratidal zone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone The marine littoral zone is a littoral zone which extends, approximately, from the spray region above the high tide mark to the edge of the coninental shelf. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T09:01:45Z ENVO ENVO:01000125 marine littoral zone The marine littoral zone is a littoral zone which extends, approximately, from the spray region above the high tide mark to the edge of the coninental shelf. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone The marine sublittoral zone is part of the marine littoral zone which is permanently covered by seawater. In physical oceanography, the sublittoral zone refers to coastal regions with significant tidal flows and energy dissipation, including non-linear flows, internal waves, river outflows and oceanic fronts. In practice, this typically extends to the edge of the continental shelf, with depths around 200 meters. In marine biology, the sublittoral refers to the areas where sunlight reaches the ocean floor, that is, where the water is never so deep as to take it out of the photic zone. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T09:01:45Z sublittoral zone marine sublittoral zone marine sub-littoral zone The marine sublittoral zone is part of the marine littoral zone which is permanently covered by seawater. In physical oceanography, the sublittoral zone refers to coastal regions with significant tidal flows and energy dissipation, including non-linear flows, internal waves, river outflows and oceanic fronts. In practice, this typically extends to the edge of the continental shelf, with depths around 200 meters. In marine biology, the sublittoral refers to the areas where sunlight reaches the ocean floor, that is, where the water is never so deep as to take it out of the photic zone. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone The marine cold seep biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome where seepage of methane, hydrogen sulphide, hydrocarbon rich fluids and other fluids occurs. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-19T08:33:56Z ENVO ENVO:01000127 marine cold seep biome The marine cold seep biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome where seepage of methane, hydrogen sulphide, hydrocarbon rich fluids and other fluids occurs. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_seep The dilution basin mediterranean sea biome comprises expressions of the mediterranean sea biome with lower salinity than the surrounding ocean due to freshwater gains such as rainfall and rivers. Water exchange consists of outflow of the fresher mediterranean water in the upper layer and inflow of the saltier oceanic water in the lower layer of the channel. Renewal of deep water may not be sufficient to supply oxygen to the bottom. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-19T09:32:59Z ENVO ENVO:01000128 dilution basin mediterranean sea biome The dilution basin mediterranean sea biome comprises expressions of the mediterranean sea biome with lower salinity than the surrounding ocean due to freshwater gains such as rainfall and rivers. Water exchange consists of outflow of the fresher mediterranean water in the upper layer and inflow of the saltier oceanic water in the lower layer of the channel. Renewal of deep water may not be sufficient to supply oxygen to the bottom. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_sea 2010-03-20T06:23:38Z ENVO ENVO:01000129 marine hydrothermal vent chimney A marine hydrothermal vent plume, part of a marine hydrothermal vent, is a high temperature water jet laden with dissolved metals and minerals that is driven by heat generated due to tectonic activity below the vent. 2010-03-20T06:23:38Z marine hydrothermal plume A marine hydrothermal vent plume, part of a marine hydrothermal vent, is a high temperature water jet laden with dissolved metals and minerals that is driven by heat generated due to tectonic activity below the vent. ISBN:044482619X ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Sediment characterised by a temperature of 15-45 degrees Celsius and high-to-low oxygenation. Often impacted by hydrothermal fluid flows. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T07:15:20Z ENVO ENVO:01000131 mesophilic sediment Sediment characterised by a temperature of 15-45 degrees Celsius and high-to-low oxygenation. Often impacted by hydrothermal fluid flows. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Sediment characterised by a temperature of 45-75 degrees Celsius and low to no oxygen content. Often impacted by hydrothermal fluid flows. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T07:18:16Z ENVO ENVO:01000132 thermophilic sediment Sediment characterised by a temperature of 45-75 degrees Celsius and low to no oxygen content. Often impacted by hydrothermal fluid flows. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Sediment characterised by a temperature of 80-125 degrees Celsius and no oxygen content. Often impacted by hydrothermal fluid flows. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T07:18:16Z ENVO ENVO:01000133 hyperthermophilic sediment Sediment characterised by a temperature of 80-125 degrees Celsius and no oxygen content. Often impacted by hydrothermal fluid flows. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 High temperature water ejected from hydrothermal vents and laden with dissolved metals and minerals as a result of percolation through crustal rocks. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:19:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000134 hydrothermal fluid High temperature water ejected from hydrothermal vents and laden with dissolved metals and minerals as a result of percolation through crustal rocks. ISBN:044482619X ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Sediment hosting and characterised by active nitrate reducing microbial communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:33:33Z ENVO ENVO:01000135 envoPolar nitrate-reducing sediment Sediment hosting and characterised by active nitrate reducing microbial communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 An isolated fragment of rock, which fell vertically through the water column into finer-grained water-deposited sedimentary rocks. Drop stones range in size from small pebbles to boulders. 2010-03-20T06:25:06Z Dropstone ENVO ENVO:01000136 drop stone An isolated fragment of rock, which fell vertically through the water column into finer-grained water-deposited sedimentary rocks. Drop stones range in size from small pebbles to boulders. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropstone Dropstone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropstone An accumulation of organic matter that has fallen to the bottom of a body of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:25:30Z organic matter fall An accumulation of organic matter that has fallen to the bottom of a body of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A accumulation of plant matter that has fallen to the bottom of a body of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:26:07Z plant matter fall A accumulation of plant matter that has fallen to the bottom of a body of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The carcass of an animal that has fallen to the bottom of a body of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:26:07Z ENVO ENVO:01000139 animal carcass fall The carcass of an animal that has fallen to the bottom of a body of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Whale fall is the term used for a whale carcass that has fallen to the ocean floor. When a whale dies in shallow water, its carcass is typically devoured by scavengers over a relatively short period of time: within several months. However, in deeper water (depths of 2,000 m/6,600 ft or greater), fewer scavenger species exist, and the carcass can provide sustenance for a complex localized ecosystem over periods of decades. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:26:13Z ENVO ENVO:01000140 whale fall Whale fall is the term used for a whale carcass that has fallen to the ocean floor. When a whale dies in shallow water, its carcass is typically devoured by scavengers over a relatively short period of time: within several months. However, in deeper water (depths of 2,000 m/6,600 ft or greater), fewer scavenger species exist, and the carcass can provide sustenance for a complex localized ecosystem over periods of decades. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whale_fall Seal fall is the term used for a seal carcass that has fallen to the ocean floor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:26:44Z ENVO ENVO:01000141 seal fall Seal fall is the term used for a seal carcass that has fallen to the ocean floor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A wood fall describes an accumulation of woody plant material that has fallen to the ocean floor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:27:01Z ENVO ENVO:01000142 wood fall A wood fall describes an accumulation of woody plant material that has fallen to the ocean floor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:43:45Z ENVO ENVO:01000143 marine reef ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:52:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000144 marine coral reef flat zone ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:52:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000145 marine coral reef back reef ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:52:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000146 marine coral reef crest ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:52:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000147 marine coral reef fore reef ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:52:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000148 marine coral reef buttress zone ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:52:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000149 marine coral reef deep fore reef ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:55:18Z ENVO ENVO:01000150 marine subtidal rocky reef Sediment hosting and characterised by active manganese reducing microbial communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:33:33Z ENVO ENVO:01000151 envoPolar manganese-reducing sediment Sediment hosting and characterised by active manganese reducing microbial communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Sediment hosting and characterised by active iron reducing microbial communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:33:33Z ENVO ENVO:01000152 envoPolar iron-reducing sediment Sediment hosting and characterised by active iron reducing microbial communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Sediment hosting and characterised by active sulphate reducing microbial communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:33:33Z ENVO ENVO:01000153 envoPolar sulphate-reducing sediment Sediment hosting and characterised by active sulphate reducing microbial communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Sediment hosting and characterised by active carbon dioxide reducing microbial communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:33:33Z ENVO ENVO:01000154 envoPolar carbon dioxide-reducing sediment Sediment hosting and characterised by active carbon dioxide reducing microbial communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Environmental material derived from living organisms. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:40:04Z EcoLexicon:organic_material biomass organic material Environmental material derived from living organisms. ISBN-10:0618455043 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Material derived from a biofilm, an aggregate of microorganisms in which cells adhere to each other and/or to a surface. These adherent cells are frequently embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Biofilm EPS, which is also referred to as slime, is a polymeric conglomeration generally composed of extracellular DNA, proteins, and polysaccharides in various configurations. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:51:49Z ENVO ENVO:01000156 biofilm material Material derived from a biofilm, an aggregate of microorganisms in which cells adhere to each other and/or to a surface. These adherent cells are frequently embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Biofilm EPS, which is also referred to as slime, is a polymeric conglomeration generally composed of extracellular DNA, proteins, and polysaccharides in various configurations. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilm Material derived from a microbial mat, a multi-layered sheet of micro-organisms, mainly bacteria and archaea. Microbial mats create a wide range of internal chemical environments. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:51:49Z ENVO ENVO:01000157 envoPolar microbial mat material Material derived from a microbial mat, a multi-layered sheet of micro-organisms, mainly bacteria and archaea. Microbial mats create a wide range of internal chemical environments. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_mat Marine snow is a continuous shower of mostly organic detritus falling from the upper layers of the water column. Its origin lies in activities within the productive photic zone. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:51:49Z EcoLexicon:marine_snow envoPolar marine snow Marine snow is a continuous shower of mostly organic detritus falling from the upper layers of the water column. Its origin lies in activities within the productive photic zone. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_snow A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic pertaining to or derived from living organisms. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:00:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000159 organic feature A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic pertaining to or derived from living organisms. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Pockmarks are craters in the seabed resulting from the release of gas or liquid. Generally, they are formed in soft, fine-grained seabed sediments by the escape of fluids (gas or water, but mainly methane) into the water column. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:14:38Z ENVO ENVO:01000160 envoPolar marine pockmark Pockmarks are craters in the seabed resulting from the release of gas or liquid. Generally, they are formed in soft, fine-grained seabed sediments by the escape of fluids (gas or water, but mainly methane) into the water column. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pockmark A marine sponge reef is marine reefs primarily built by marine sponges. The primary frame-building sponges are all members of the order Hexactinosa. They are found only in glacier-scoured troughs of low-angle continental shelf. The seafloor is stable and consists of rock, coarse gravel, and large boulders. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:18:54Z ENVO ENVO:01000161 marine sponge reef A marine sponge reef is marine reefs primarily built by marine sponges. The primary frame-building sponges are all members of the order Hexactinosa. They are found only in glacier-scoured troughs of low-angle continental shelf. The seafloor is stable and consists of rock, coarse gravel, and large boulders. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge_reef A collection of tissues joined in structural unit to serve a common function. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:21:27Z LTER:395 ENVO ENVO:01000162 organ A collection of tissues joined in structural unit to serve a common function. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ A photophore is a light-emitting organ which appears as luminous spots on various marine animals, including fish and cephalopods. The organ can be simple, or as complex as the human eye; equipped with lenses, shutters, color filters and reflectors. The light can be produced from compounds during the digestion of prey, from specialized mitochondrial cells in the organism, called photocytes ("light producing" cells) , or, similarly, associated with symbiotic bacteria in the organism. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:23:50Z EcoLexicon:photophore ENVO ENVO:01000163 photophore A photophore is a light-emitting organ which appears as luminous spots on various marine animals, including fish and cephalopods. The organ can be simple, or as complex as the human eye; equipped with lenses, shutters, color filters and reflectors. The light can be produced from compounds during the digestion of prey, from specialized mitochondrial cells in the organism, called photocytes ("light producing" cells) , or, similarly, associated with symbiotic bacteria in the organism. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photophore Root nodules occur on the roots of plants that associate with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:23:50Z ENVO ENVO:01000164 root nodule Root nodules occur on the roots of plants that associate with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_nodule A specialised organ found in deep-sea tube worms populating hydrothermal vent environments that is colonised by chemosynthetic bacteria which supply the host worm with organic compounds. The term may be applied to similar organs in other worms. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:23:50Z ENVO ENVO:01000165 trophosome A specialised organ found in deep-sea tube worms populating hydrothermal vent environments that is colonised by chemosynthetic bacteria which supply the host worm with organic compounds. The term may be applied to similar organs in other worms. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_tube_worm A specialized organ that is linked to the gut in beetles and host to a symbiotic yeast. The yeast cells assist in the digestion of less nutritious foods, supply needed B-vitamins and sterols, and provide resistance to certain toxins. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:23:50Z ENVO ENVO:01000166 mycetome A specialized organ that is linked to the gut in beetles and host to a symbiotic yeast. The yeast cells assist in the digestion of less nutritious foods, supply needed B-vitamins and sterols, and provide resistance to certain toxins. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasioderma_serricorne Determinate nodules are root nodules found on tropical (sub)legumes, such as those of the genera Glycine (soybean), Phaseolus (common bean), Lotus, and Vigna. Determinate nodules lose meristematic activity shortly after initiation, thus growth is due to cell expansion resulting in mature nodules which are spherical in shape. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:34:55Z ENVO ENVO:01000167 determinate root nodule Determinate nodules are root nodules found on tropical (sub)legumes, such as those of the genera Glycine (soybean), Phaseolus (common bean), Lotus, and Vigna. Determinate nodules lose meristematic activity shortly after initiation, thus growth is due to cell expansion resulting in mature nodules which are spherical in shape. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_nodule Indeterminate nodules are found on temperate legumes like Pisum (pea), Medicago (alfalfa), Trifolium (clover), and Vicia (vetch). They earned the moniker "indeterminate" because they maintain an active apical meristem that produces new cells for growth over the life of the nodule. Because they are actively growing, indeterminate nodules manifest zones which demarcate different stages of development/symbiosis. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:34:55Z ENVO ENVO:01000168 indeterminate root nodule Indeterminate nodules are found on temperate legumes like Pisum (pea), Medicago (alfalfa), Trifolium (clover), and Vicia (vetch). They earned the moniker "indeterminate" because they maintain an active apical meristem that produces new cells for growth over the life of the nodule. Because they are actively growing, indeterminate nodules manifest zones which demarcate different stages of development/symbiosis. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_nodule A part of an indeterminate root nodule where new nodule tissue is formed which will later differentiate into the other zones of the nodule. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:38:56Z ENVO ENVO:01000169 indeterminate root nodule active meristem A part of an indeterminate root nodule where new nodule tissue is formed which will later differentiate into the other zones of the nodule. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_nodule A part of an indeterminate root nodule permeated with infection threads full of bacteria. The plant cells are larger than in the previous zone and cell division is halted. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:38:56Z ENVO ENVO:01000170 indeterminate root nodule infection zone A part of an indeterminate root nodule permeated with infection threads full of bacteria. The plant cells are larger than in the previous zone and cell division is halted. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_nodule A part of an indeterminate root nodule where each cell contains a large, central vacuole and the cytoplasm is filled with fully differentiated bacteroids which are actively fixing nitrogen. Typically, the plant provides these cells with leghemoglobin, resulting in a distinct pink color. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:38:56Z ENVO ENVO:01000171 indeterminate root nodule nitrogen fixation zone A part of an indeterminate root nodule where each cell contains a large, central vacuole and the cytoplasm is filled with fully differentiated bacteroids which are actively fixing nitrogen. Typically, the plant provides these cells with leghemoglobin, resulting in a distinct pink color. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_nodule A part of an indeterminate root nodule where plant cells and their bacteroid contents are being degraded. The breakdown of the heme component of leghemoglobin results in a visible greening at the base of the nodule. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:38:56Z ENVO ENVO:01000172 indeterminate root nodule senescent zone A part of an indeterminate root nodule where plant cells and their bacteroid contents are being degraded. The breakdown of the heme component of leghemoglobin results in a visible greening at the base of the nodule. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_nodule Water depleted of dissolved oxygen. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-21T06:05:53Z anaerobic water reducing water anoxic water Water depleted of dissolved oxygen. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A forest biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its entire spatial extent, densely packed vegetation which strongly limits light penetration to the forest floor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z LTER:212 SPIRE:Forest Preliminary definition. forest biome A woodland biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its entire spatial extent, woody plants spaced sufficiently far apart to allow light penetration to support communities of herbaceous plants or shrubs living closer to the woodland floor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z Preliminary definition. woodland biome A shrubland biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its entire spatial extent, dense groups of shrubs. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z Preliminary definition. shrubland biome A grassland biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its entire spatial extent, an unbroken layer of grasses (Gramineae), sedges (Cyperaceae) or rushes (Juncaceae). ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z SPIRE:Savannah_or_grassland ENVO ENVO:01000177 grassland biome A savanna biome is a woodland biome which has seasonal water availability and includes, across its entire spatial extent, trees spaced sufficiently far apart to allow an unbroken layer of grass, sedge (Cyperaceae) or rush (Juncaceae) communities to live. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z SPIRE:Savannah_or_grassland ENVO ENVO:01000178 Preliminary definition savanna biome A desert biome is a terrestrial biome which loses more liquid water by evapotranspiration than is supplied by precipitation and includes communities adapted to these conditions. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z SPIRE:Desert_or_dune wwfBiome Preliminary definition. desert biome A tundra is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its spatial extent, only low-growing vegetation such as dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens. Tundra biomes rarely have monthly average temperatures above 10 degrees Celsius and have low evapotranspiration ratios. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z SPIRE:Tundra envoPolar wwfBiome Preliminary definition. tundra biome A mangrove biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its spatial extent, mangrove plants (Rhizophoraceae). Mangrove plants are able to withstand high levels of salinity as well as regions of anoxia and frequent tidal inundation. Mangrove biomes often occur near tropical and sub-tropical estuaries and depositional marine coastal environments where fine sediments (often with high organic content) collect in areas protected from high energy wave action. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z LTER:322 wwfBiome Preliminary definition. Depending on whether mangrove trees or shrubs are present, this class could be a child of shrubland biome or woodland biome. Consider creating the appropriate classes. mangrove biome A mangrove biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its spatial extent, mangrove plants (Rhizophoraceae). Mangrove plants are able to withstand high levels of salinity as well as regions of anoxia and frequent tidal inundation. Mangrove biomes often occur near tropical and sub-tropical estuaries and depositional marine coastal environments where fine sediments (often with high organic content) collect in areas protected from high energy wave action. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangrove A temperate desert biome is a desert biome which has communities adapted to intermediate insolation, low rainfall, and large temperature variations between winter and summer. Winter temperatures may fall below 0 degrees Celsius. Some precipitation in this biome may fall as snow. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate desert biome A temperate desert biome is a desert biome which has communities adapted to intermediate insolation, low rainfall, and large temperature variations between winter and summer. Winter temperatures may fall below 0 degrees Celsius. Some precipitation in this biome may fall as snow. WWW:http://www.fs.fed.us/land/ecosysmgmt/colorimagemap/images/340.html A tropical desert biome is a desert biome which has communities adapted to temperatures above a monthly average of 18 degrees Celsius, high daily temperature ranges of approximately 20 degrees Celsius, very high insolation due to inhibited cloud formation, and very low precipitation. Tropical desert biomes located near coasts with cold upwellings may have cooler temperatures and reduced insolution due to fog. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. tropical desert biome A tropical desert biome is a desert biome which has communities adapted to temperatures above a monthly average of 18 degrees Celsius, high daily temperature ranges of approximately 20 degrees Celsius, very high insolation due to inhibited cloud formation, and very low precipitation. Tropical desert biomes located near coasts with cold upwellings may have cooler temperatures and reduced insolution due to fog. WWW:http://www.earthonlinemedia.com/ebooks/tpe_3e/title_page.html A subtropical desert biome is a desert biome which has communities adapted to temperatures above a monthly average of 18 degrees Celsius, high daily temperature ranges of approximately 20 degrees Celsius, high insolation (but lower than that of a tropical desert biome), inhibited cloud formation, and very low precipitation. Subtropical desert biomes located near coasts with cold upwellings may have cooler temperatures and reduced insolution due to fog. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. subtropical desert biome A subtropical desert biome is a desert biome which has communities adapted to temperatures above a monthly average of 18 degrees Celsius, high daily temperature ranges of approximately 20 degrees Celsius, high insolation (but lower than that of a tropical desert biome), inhibited cloud formation, and very low precipitation. Subtropical desert biomes located near coasts with cold upwellings may have cooler temperatures and reduced insolution due to fog. WWW:http://www.earthonlinemedia.com/ebooks/tpe_3e/title_page.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropical#Semi-desert.2Fdesert_climate A montane desert biome is a desert biome which occurs in regions elevated above sea level and which has community structure determined by elevation-dependent environmental conditions. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z Preliminary definition. montane desert biome A polar desert biome is a desert biome which is subject to low levels of insolation, annual precipitation less than 250 millimeters, and a mean temperature less than 10 degrees Celsius during its warmest month. Temperature changes in polar deserts frequently cross the freezing point of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z envoPolar Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. polar desert biome A polar desert biome is a desert biome which is subject to low levels of insolation, annual precipitation less than 250 millimeters, and a mean temperature less than 10 degrees Celsius during its warmest month. Temperature changes in polar deserts frequently cross the freezing point of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_desert ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:51Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. subtropical savanna biome ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:51Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. tropical savanna biome ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:51Z prairie biome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate savanna biome A flooded savanna biome is a savanna biome which has very wet to saturated soil moisture content. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:51Z swamp ENVO marsh ENVO:01000190 wwfBiome flooded savanna biome A flooded savanna biome is a savanna biome which has very wet to saturated soil moisture content. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flooded_grasslands_and_savannas A grassland biome which is subject to subtropical climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. subtropical grassland biome ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. tropical grassland biome ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z prairie biome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate grassland biome A montane grassland biome is a grassland biome which occurs in regions elevated above sea level and which has community structure determined by elevation-dependent environmental conditions. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. montane grassland biome ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z ENVO ENVO:01000195 wwfBiome flooded grassland biome A coniferous forest biome is a forest biome which contains densely packed populations or communities of coniferous trees, strongly limiting light penetration to the forest floor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:31:01Z ENVO ENVO:01000196 Preliminary definition. coniferous forest biome A broadleaf forest biome is a forest biome which contains densely packed populations or communities of broadleaf trees, strongly limiting light penetration to the forest floor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:31:01Z Preliminary definition. broadleaf forest biome A mixed forest biome is a forest biome which contains densely packed populations or communities of broadleaf and coniferous trees, strongly limiting light penetration to the forest floor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:31:01Z ENVO ENVO:01000198 Preliminary definition. mixed forest biome A mediterranean forest biome is a forest biome which includes communities adapted to hot to warm, dry summers, mild to cold, rainy winters, and the influence of large, usually marine, bodies of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:31:01Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. mediterranean forest biome A broadleaf forest biome which is subject to tropical climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:32:28Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. tropical broadleaf forest biome A broadleaf forest biome which is subject to subtropical climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:32:28Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. subtropical broadleaf forest biome A broadleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:32:28Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate broadleaf forest biome An environmental condition is a range of a determinate quality or combination of qualities that are present in an environmental system. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:35:18Z envoPolar A condition defines a restricted range of a given quality or combination of qualities. If an environment class, E, has_condition C, then all qualities listed in C are restricted to the ranges defined in C in E. This is not intended as a logical conditional. environmental condition An environmental condition is a range of a determinate quality or combination of qualities that are present in an environmental system. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 A tropical condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives high yearly solar irradiance per unit area and, on Earth, the Sun reaches a subsolar point at least once during the solar year. This results in a hot and moist year-round climate at low elevations, which have a monthly average temperature above 18 degrees Celsius. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:36:47Z EcoLexicon:the_tropics SPIRE:Tropical tropical A tropical condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives high yearly solar irradiance per unit area and, on Earth, the Sun reaches a subsolar point at least once during the solar year. This results in a hot and moist year-round climate at low elevations, which have a monthly average temperature above 18 degrees Celsius. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical A subtropical condition is an environmental condition in which an envrionmental system receives more solar irradiance than those with temperate conditions, but less than those with tropical conditions. At low elevations, this typically results in eight months of the year having average temperatures greater than or equal to 10 degrees Celsius with the coldest monthly temperature averaging between 2 and 13 degrees Celsius. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:36:47Z As with most other climatic zones and conditions, multiple classification schemes have somehat different definitions and criteria. To quote from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Several methods have been used to define the subtropical climate. In the Trewartha climate classification, a subtropical region should have at least eight months with a mean temperature of 10 °C (50.0 °F) or above. German climatologists Carl Troll and Karlheinz Paffen defined Warm temperate zones as plain and hilly lands having an average temperature of the coldest month between 2 °C (35.6 °F) and 13 °C (55.4 °F) in the Northern Hemisphere and between 6 °C (42.8 °F) and 13 °C (55.4 °F) in the Southern Hemisphere, excluding oceanic and continental climates. According to the Troll-Paffen climate classification, there generally exists one large subtropical zone named the warm-temperate subtropical zone,[4] which is subdivided into seven smaller areas.[5] According to the E. Neef climate classification, the subtropical zone is divided into two parts: Rainy winters of the west sides and Eastern subtropical climate.[6] According to the Wilhelm Lauer & Peter Frankenberg climate classification, the subtropical zone is divided into three parts: high-continental, continental, and maritime.[7] According to the Siegmund/Frankenberg climate classification, subtropical is one of six climate zones in the world.[8]" subtropical A temperate condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives less solar irradiance than those with subpolar conditions, but greater than those with subtropical conditions. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:36:47Z SPIRE:Temperate tepid climate This class' definition is less satisfactory than the other latitudinal conditoins. temperate A temperate condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives less solar irradiance than those with subpolar conditions, but greater than those with subtropical conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_climate tepid climate https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_climate A mediterranean condition is a subtropical condition in which hot dry summers and winters with moderate to high rainfall. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:36:47Z These regions are under the constant influence of the subtropical ridge. mediterranean A mediterranean condition is a subtropical condition in which hot dry summers and winters with moderate to high rainfall. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropics A subtropical woodland biome which includes communities adapted to hot to warm, dry summers, mild to cold, rainy winters, and the influence of large, usually marine, bodies of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T15:01:04Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. mediterranean woodland biome A coniferous forest biome which is subject to subtropical climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:39:14Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. subtropical coniferous forest biome A coniferous forest biome which is subject to tropical climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:39:14Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. tropical coniferous forest biome A coniferous forest biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:39:14Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate coniferous forest biome A mixed forest biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:39:30Z wwfBiome temperate mixed forest biome A shrubland biome which is subject to subtropical climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. subtropical shrubland biome ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. tropical shrubland biome ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z prairie biome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate shrubland biome A montane shrubland biome is a shrubland biome which occurs in regions elevated above sea level and which has community structure determined by elevation-dependent environmental conditions. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. montane shrubland biome A mediterranean shrubland biome is a subtropical shrubland biome which includes communities adapted to hot to warm, dry summers, mild to cold, rainy winters, and the influence of large, usually marine, bodies of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. mediterranean shrubland biome ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z ENVO ENVO:01000218 wwfBiome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. xeric shrubland biome An anthropogenic terrestrial biome is a terrestrial biome which has community structures determined by human activity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:45:22Z anthrome human biome Preliminary definition. anthropogenic terrestrial biome An anthropogenic terrestrial biome is a terrestrial biome which has community structures determined by human activity. http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/150128/ ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T15:01:04Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. tropical woodland biome ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T15:01:04Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate woodland biome A woodland biome which is subject to subtropical climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T15:01:04Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. subtropical woodland biome A montane savanna biome is a savanna biome which occurs in regions elevated above sea level and which has community structure determined by elevation-dependent environmental conditions. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T16:50:01Z Preliminary definition. montane savanna biome A subtropical grassland biome which includes communities adapted to hot to warm, dry summers, mild to cold, rainy winters, and the influence of large, usually marine, bodies of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-19T11:42:48Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. mediterranean grassland biome ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-24T12:04:53Z wwfBiome subtropical dry broadleaf forest biome ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-24T12:04:53Z ENVO ENVO:01000226 wwfBiome subtropical moist broadleaf forest biome ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-24T12:05:25Z ENVO ENVO:01000227 wwfBiome tropical dry broadleaf forest biome ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-24T12:05:25Z SPIRE:Rainforest ENVO rainforest biome ENVO:01000228 wwfBiome tropical moist broadleaf forest biome A savanna biome which is subject to mediterranean climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-24T12:20:42Z wwfBiome mediterranean savanna biome An environmental condition in which annual precipitation is less than half of annual potential evapotranspiration. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-24T13:28:18Z EcoLexicon:aridity envoPolar arid Lava is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles, and solids which has extruded beyond a planetary crust. PLB 2013-05-05T16:52:47Z EcoLexicon:lava SWEETRealm:Lava ENVO ENVO:01000231 Some use 'lava' to refer to rock that is formed when lava cools. This is not the intended meaning of this class. See 'igneous rock' or similar. lava Lava is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles, and solids which has extruded beyond a planetary crust. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava Felsic lava is lava which is high in silica (> 69 percent by weight), aluminium, potassium, sodium, and calcium, forming a polymerized liquid rich in feldspar and quartz. Felsic lava has a higher viscosity than other magma types. Felsic magmas can erupt at temperatures as low as 650 to 750 °C. Unusually hot (>950 °C) rhyolite lavas, however, may flow for distances of many tens of kilometres PLB 2013-05-05T16:56:29Z silicic lava ENVO ENVO:01000232 felsic lava Felsic lava is lava which is high in silica (> 69 percent by weight), aluminium, potassium, sodium, and calcium, forming a polymerized liquid rich in feldspar and quartz. Felsic lava has a higher viscosity than other magma types. Felsic magmas can erupt at temperatures as low as 650 to 750 °C. Unusually hot (>950 °C) rhyolite lavas, however, may flow for distances of many tens of kilometres https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_rock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava silicic lava https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava Intermediate lava is lava which, relative to felsic lava, is lower in aluminium and silica (between 52 and 63 percent by weight), and usually somewhat richer in magnesium and iron. The temperature of intermediate lava ranges from 750 to 950 degrees Celsius, destroying polymerized bonds and promoting more fluid behaviour relative to felsic lavas and also a greater tendency to form phenocrysts. Higher iron and magnesium tends to manifest as a darker groundmass, and also occasionally amphibole or pyroxene phenocrysts. PLB 2013-05-05T16:56:29Z andesitic lava ENVO ENVO:01000233 intermediate lava Intermediate lava is lava which, relative to felsic lava, is lower in aluminium and silica (between 52 and 63 percent by weight), and usually somewhat richer in magnesium and iron. The temperature of intermediate lava ranges from 750 to 950 degrees Celsius, destroying polymerized bonds and promoting more fluid behaviour relative to felsic lavas and also a greater tendency to form phenocrysts. Higher iron and magnesium tends to manifest as a darker groundmass, and also occasionally amphibole or pyroxene phenocrysts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate_composition andesitic lava https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava Mafic lava is lava which, relative to other lava types other than ultramafic lava, has a high ferromagnesian content and low aluminium and silica content, with silca making up between 45 and 52 percent of its weight. Mafic lava generally erupts at temperatures in excess of 950 degrees Celsius. The high temperature and low polymerisation in mafic lava favors low viscosity and chemical diffusion, promoting the formation of large, well-formed phenocrysts. PLB 2013-05-05T16:56:29Z ENVO basaltic lava ENVO:01000234 mafic lava Mafic lava is lava which, relative to other lava types other than ultramafic lava, has a high ferromagnesian content and low aluminium and silica content, with silca making up between 45 and 52 percent of its weight. Mafic lava generally erupts at temperatures in excess of 950 degrees Celsius. The high temperature and low polymerisation in mafic lava favors low viscosity and chemical diffusion, promoting the formation of large, well-formed phenocrysts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_rock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava basaltic lava https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava Ultramafic lava is lava which, relative to other lava types, has very high magnesium oxide content and less than 45 percent silica by weight is thought to have erupted at temperatures of 1600 degrees Celsius. Due to its high temperature and composition, the viscosity of ultramafic lava is very low. PLB 2013-05-05T16:56:29Z ENVO ENVO:01000235 ultramafic lava Ultramafic lava is lava which, relative to other lava types, has very high magnesium oxide content and less than 45 percent silica by weight is thought to have erupted at temperatures of 1600 degrees Celsius. Due to its high temperature and composition, the viscosity of ultramafic lava is very low. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_rock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava Basalt is a volcanic rock which is formed by the rapid cooling of basaltic lava. PLB 2013-05-05T17:07:15Z EcoLexicon:basalt SWEETRealm:Basalt ENVO ENVO:01000236 basalt Basalt is a volcanic rock which is formed by the rapid cooling of basaltic lava. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt A coastal scrubland is a scrubland which is part of a coast. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-05-06T09:47:07Z coastal chaparral coastal scrubland A coastal scrubland is a scrubland which is part of a coast. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_coastal_sage_and_chaparral_ecoregion https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_sage_scrub coastal chaparral https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_chaparral_and_woodlands A polar condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives low, yearly solar irradiance per unit area, resulting in colder climatic conditions. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-05-08T07:49:36Z SPIRE:Polar SWEETRealm:Polarization frigid envoPolar On Earth, polar conditions are such that every month has average temperature lower than 10 degrees Celsius. Note that this class refers to a climatic rather than a positional condition. polar A polar condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives low, yearly solar irradiance per unit area, resulting in colder climatic conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_climate frigid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_climate An oak woodland is a woodland which has a tree community primarily composed of oak trees. 2013-06-04T22:33:52Z oak woodland An oak woodland is a woodland which has a tree community primarily composed of oak trees. ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 A conifer woodland is a woodland which has a tree community primarily composed of coniferous trees, from the Division Pinophyta, also known as Coniferophyta or Coniferae. 2013-06-06T14:39:17Z conifer woodland A conifer woodland is a woodland which has a tree community primarily composed of coniferous trees, from the Division Pinophyta, also known as Coniferophyta or Coniferae. ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conifer A juniper woodland is a woodland which has a tree community primarily composed of trees of the genus Juniperus. PLB 2013-06-06T14:44:52Z ENVO ENVO:01000241 juniper woodland A juniper woodland is a woodland which has a tree community primarily composed of trees of the genus Juniperus. ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniper A scrubland which is located in a desert. 2013-06-06T15:02:30Z desert scrub desert scrubland A scrubland which is located in a desert. ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 desert scrub ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 A piece of rock with a grain size above 300 millimetres in diameter. Smaller boulders are, at times, referred to as rocks or stones. PLB 2013-06-06T15:10:50Z EcoLexicon:boulder SWEETRealm:Boulder ENVO ENVO:01000243 boulder A piece of rock with a grain size above 300 millimetres in diameter. Smaller boulders are, at times, referred to as rocks or stones. ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder A pinyon juniper woodland is a conifer woodland which has a tree community primarily composed of trees of the subsection Cembroides of the genus Pinus and the genus Juniperus. PLB 2013-06-06T15:22:52Z ENVO ENVO:01000244 pinyon juniper woodland A pinyon juniper woodland is a conifer woodland which has a tree community primarily composed of trees of the subsection Cembroides of the genus Pinus and the genus Juniperus. ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniper https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyon_pine A cropland biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for agricultural activity and which contains no village or larger human settlement. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z cropland biome A cropland biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for agricultural activity and which contains no village or larger human settlement. DOI:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00540.x DOI:10.1890/070062 A village biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which contains settlements such as villages, towns, and/or small cities and which is primarily used for agricultural activity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z Villages are also described as agricultural settlements with greater than 100 persons per square kilometre; however, no upper limit is defined. village biome A village biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which contains settlements such as villages, towns, and/or small cities and which is primarily used for agricultural activity. DOI:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00540.x DOI:10.1890/070062 A rangeland biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for the rearing and grazing of livestock. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z rangeland biome A rangeland biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for the rearing and grazing of livestock. DOI:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00540.x DOI:10.1890/070062 A dense settlement biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for human habitation, recreation, and industry within built structures with little other land use. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z ENVO ENVO:01000248 dense settlement biome A dense settlement biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for human habitation, recreation, and industry within built structures with little other land use. DOI:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00540.x DOI:10.1890/070062 An urban biome is a dense settlement biome which has been urbanised. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z SPIRE:Urban ENVO ENVO:01000249 urban biome An urban biome is a dense settlement biome which has been urbanised. DOI:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00540.x DOI:10.1890/070062 A coniferous forest biome which includes communities adapted to subpolar conditions. 2013-09-04T06:41:53Z EcoLexicon:taiga LTER:72 SPIRE:Taiga boreal forest taiga wwfBiome subpolar coniferous forest biome A subpolar condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives low, yearly solar irradiance per unit area and is surrounded by large land masses. This results in very cold winters with temperatures potentially falling to around -40 degrees Celsius and summers which last no more than 3 months of the year with a 24-hour average temperature of at least 10 degrees Celsius. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-09-04T07:08:34Z boreal subarctic envoPolar Note that this class refers to a climatic rather than a positional condition. subpolar A subpolar condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives low, yearly solar irradiance per unit area and is surrounded by large land masses. This results in very cold winters with temperatures potentially falling to around -40 degrees Celsius and summers which last no more than 3 months of the year with a 24-hour average temperature of at least 10 degrees Celsius. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarctic_climate boreal https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarctic_climate subarctic https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarctic_climate 2013-09-19T11:11:01Z ENVO ENVO:01000252 freshwater lake biome 2013-09-19T11:11:01Z ENVO ENVO:01000253 freshwater river biome A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities. 2013-09-23T16:04:08Z EcoLexicon:environment environment In ENVO's alignment with the Basic Formal Ontology, this class is being considered as a subclass of a proposed BFO class "system". The relation "environed_by" is also under development. Roughly, a system which includes a material entity (at least partially) within its site and causally influences that entity may be considered to environ it. Following the completion of this alignment, this class' definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised. environmental system A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 A mineral deposit is a physiographic feature which has unusually high concentrations of one or more minerals. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-05T12:23:32Z ore deposit ENVO ENVO:01000255 Note that the definition of the term mineral is debatable; however, a mineral generally must be naturally occuring, stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula (unlike rocks, which may include a wide variety of components), are usually formed by geophysical processes (i.e. are abiogenic), and have an ordered atomic arrangement. mineral deposit A mineral deposit is a physiographic feature which has unusually high concentrations of one or more minerals. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 URL:http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/383726/mineral-deposit?anchor=ref624175 ore deposit URL:http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/383726/mineral-deposit?anchor=ref624175 A mineral material is an environmental material which is primarily composed of some substance that is naturally occurring, solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and that has an ordered atomic structure. Look for "mineral" in a chemical or geochemical ontology to formalise the composed primarily of link. From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ [A mineral] is different from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals and does not have a specific chemical composition. The exact definition of a mineral is under debate, especially with respect to the requirement a valid species be abiogenic, and to a lesser extent with regards to it having an ordered atomic structure. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-05T12:37:41Z LTER:341 mineral material A mineral material is an environmental material which is primarily composed of some substance that is naturally occurring, solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and that has an ordered atomic structure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral A hydrothermal vent found on the ocean floor which emits lighter-hued minerals, such as those containing barium, calcium and silicon. These alkaline hydrothermal vents also continuously generate acetyl thioesters, providing both the starting point for more complex organic molecules and the energy needed to produce them. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-06T19:57:22Z ENVO ENVO:01000257 white smoker A hydrothermal vent found on the ocean floor which emits lighter-hued minerals, such as those containing barium, calcium and silicon. These alkaline hydrothermal vents also continuously generate acetyl thioesters, providing both the starting point for more complex organic molecules and the energy needed to produce them. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_vent A cline is a comparatively thin, typically horizontal layer within a fluid, in which a property of the fluid varies greatly over a relatively short vertical distance. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-06T20:10:13Z envoPolar A similar term exists in linguistics and mathematics. An ecocline, or biological cline, is a related concept; however, may be better placed as a child of a class like "ecotone". Further, some definitions of "layer" require a layer's constiuent materials to have consistent properties, thus "cline" would not qualify as a subclass. The term "gradient" has been proposed as a more suitable superclass. Discussion in Issue #286) cline A cline is a comparatively thin, typically horizontal layer within a fluid, in which a property of the fluid varies greatly over a relatively short vertical distance. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cline_(hydrology) A layer within a fluid where the density gradient changes rapidly with depth. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-06T20:16:10Z stable density gradient pycnocline A layer within a fluid where the density gradient changes rapidly with depth. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pycnocline stable density gradient https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pycnocline A layer within a water body where the nutrient content changes rapidly with depth. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-06T20:16:10Z ENVO ENVO:01000260 nutricline A layer within a water body where the nutrient content changes rapidly with depth. CMECS:1345 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_layer A layer within a marine water body where the rate of calcite dissolution changes rapidly with depth. The increase in the rate of calcite dissolution with depth is largely due to the concomitant fall in calcite saturation. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-06T20:16:10Z ENVO ENVO:01000261 lysocline A layer within a marine water body where the rate of calcite dissolution changes rapidly with depth. The increase in the rate of calcite dissolution with depth is largely due to the concomitant fall in calcite saturation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysocline A seep is a spring in which water has filtered through permeable earth to the surface. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-06T21:13:21Z ENVO ENVO:01000262 seep A seep is a spring in which water has filtered through permeable earth to the surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_(hydrology) MERGED DEFINITION: TARGET DEFINITION: A cold seep is a seep in which methane and other hydrocarbon-rich fluids rise to the sea floor. -------------------- SOURCE DEFINITION: An area of the ocean floor where hydrogen sulfide, methane and other hydrocarbon-rich fluid seepage occurs. Cold seeps are distinct from hydrothermal vents: the former's emissions are of the same temperature as the surrounding seawater, whereas the latter's emissions are super-heated. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-06T21:16:39Z ENVO:00000425 hydrocarbon seep methane seep ENVO ENVO:01000263 cold seep MERGED DEFINITION: TARGET DEFINITION: A cold seep is a seep in which methane and other hydrocarbon-rich fluids rise to the sea floor. -------------------- SOURCE DEFINITION: An area of the ocean floor where hydrogen sulfide, methane and other hydrocarbon-rich fluid seepage occurs. Cold seeps are distinct from hydrothermal vents: the former's emissions are of the same temperature as the surrounding seawater, whereas the latter's emissions are super-heated. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_seep A vapour is an environmental material in the gas phase at a temperature lower than its critical point. 2013-10-10T07:55:56Z vapor ENVO ENVO:01000264 Obsoleted. Not really a material. Use PATO's "quality of a gas" on a material to express vapour forms. obsolete vapour true A vapour is an environmental material in the gas phase at a temperature lower than its critical point. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapor A hydrothermal seep is a seep in which diffuse flow of geothermally heated fluids with high methane concentrations. This seep has been proposed as an intermediate between cold seeps and hydrothermal vents. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-06T21:19:00Z ENVO hot seep ENVO:01000265 hydrothermal seep A hydrothermal seep is a seep in which diffuse flow of geothermally heated fluids with high methane concentrations. This seep has been proposed as an intermediate between cold seeps and hydrothermal vents. DOI:10.1098/rspb.2012.0205 Water vapour is a vapour which is the gas phase of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-10T07:58:18Z aqueous vapor aqueous vapour water vapor ENVO ENVO:01000266 Perhaps a better relation between water vapour and water can be found in or added to RO? water vapour Water vapour is a vapour which is the gas phase of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor aqueous vapor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor aqueous vapour https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor water vapor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a material body of sufficient mass that is held in place by the gravity of the body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-10T08:14:50Z LTER:48 ENVO ENVO:01000267 atmosphere An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a material body of sufficient mass that is held in place by the gravity of the body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_geography Atmospheric water vapour is water vapour that is part of an atmosphere. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-10T08:22:07Z atmospheric water vapor ENVO ENVO:01000268 envoPolar atmospheric water vapour Atmospheric water vapour is water vapour that is part of an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor atmospheric water vapor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor A sedimentary rock which is composed mainly of silt. This rock has a grainsize in the silt range, finer than sandstone and coarser than claystones. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-12T14:51:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000269 siltstone A sedimentary rock which is composed mainly of silt. This rock has a grainsize in the silt range, finer than sandstone and coarser than claystones. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siltstone A clastic sedimentary rock which is composed primarily of clay sized particles. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-12T14:51:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000270 claystone A clastic sedimentary rock which is composed primarily of clay sized particles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claystone Clastic sedimentary rocks are sedimentary rocks that are composed of silicate minerals and rock fragments that were transported by moving fluids. Clastic rocks are composed largely of quartz, feldspar, rock (lithic) fragments, clay minerals, and mica; numerous other minerals may be present as accessories and may be important locally. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-12T14:51:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000271 clastic sedimentary rock Clastic sedimentary rocks are sedimentary rocks that are composed of silicate minerals and rock fragments that were transported by moving fluids. Clastic rocks are composed largely of quartz, feldspar, rock (lithic) fragments, clay minerals, and mica; numerous other minerals may be present as accessories and may be important locally. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_rock#Clastic_sedimentary_rocks A mudstone is a clastic sedimentary rock which contains a mixture of at least one third of silt- and one third of clay-sized particles. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-12T14:51:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000272 There is debate on the usage of mudstone and mudrock, and some ambiguity is to be expected. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ The terminology of "mudstone" is not to be confused with the Dunham classification scheme for limestones. In Dunham's classification, a mudstone is any limestone containing less than ten percent carbonate grains. Note, a siliciclastic mudstone does not deal with carbonate grains. Friedman, Sanders, and Kopaska-Merkel (1992) suggest the use of "lime mudstone" to avoid confusion with siliciclastic rocks. mudstone A mudstone is a clastic sedimentary rock which contains a mixture of at least one third of silt- and one third of clay-sized particles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudrock#Nomenclature https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudstone Lime mudstone is a limestone which is primarily composed of either clay-size or both silt-size and clay-size detrital (transported) carbonate grains. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-12T14:51:19Z calcilutite cementstone ENVO ENVO:01000273 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ The terminology of "mudstone" is not to be confused with the Dunham classification scheme for limestones. In Dunham's classification, a mudstone is any limestone containing less than ten percent carbonate grains. Note, a siliciclastic mudstone does not deal with carbonate grains. Friedman, Sanders, and Kopaska-Merkel (1992) suggest the use of "lime mudstone" to avoid confusion with siliciclastic rocks. lime mudstone Lime mudstone is a limestone which is primarily composed of either clay-size or both silt-size and clay-size detrital (transported) carbonate grains. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcilutite https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudstone calcilutite https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcilutite cementstone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcilutite Slate is a metamorphic rock which is fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous, Slates are derived from clastic sedimentary rocks. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-12T14:51:19Z slate Slate is a metamorphic rock which is fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous, Slates are derived from clastic sedimentary rocks. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slate A structural basin is a geological depression formed by tectonic warping of previously flat lying rock strata. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-12T16:30:32Z ENVO ENVO:01000275 structural basin A structural basin is a geological depression formed by tectonic warping of previously flat lying rock strata. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_basin A large unit of land or water containing a geographically distinct assemblage of species, natural communities, and environmental conditions. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-12T17:21:09Z envoPolar Unlike biomes, ecoregions are geographically defined entities. ENVO's sister project, GAZ, contains terms for instances of ecoregions (e.g. Beringia lowland tundra). Requests for new terms should be directed to GAZ. ENVO will only contain this top-level class. The class' definition is preliminary and will be aligned to BFO. ecoregion A large unit of land or water containing a geographically distinct assemblage of species, natural communities, and environmental conditions. DOI:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2 URL:http://worldwildlife.org/biomes Ice is water frozen into a solid state. It can appear transparent or opaque bluish-white color, depending on the presence of impurities or air inclusions. The addition of other materials such as soil may further alter its appearance. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-13T12:01:28Z LTER:262 ice envoPolar water ice Ice is water frozen into a solid state. It can appear transparent or opaque bluish-white color, depending on the presence of impurities or air inclusions. The addition of other materials such as soil may further alter its appearance. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice ice http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/4131 A depression caused by the collapse of a pingo. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-13T12:15:55Z ENVO ENVO:01000278 pingo scar A depression caused by the collapse of a pingo. DOI:10.1016/0033-5894(76)90039-9 An ice mass which is formed when moisture, diffused within soil or rock, accumulates and freezes in a localized zone, wedging soil or rock apart. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-13T12:20:34Z ice lenses envoPolar ice lens An ice mass which is formed when moisture, diffused within soil or rock, accumulates and freezes in a localized zone, wedging soil or rock apart. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Lens ice lenses Ecozones delineate large areas of a planetary surface within which organisms have been evolving in relative isolation over long periods of time, separated from one another by geographic features, such as oceans, broad deserts, or high mountain ranges, that constitute barriers to migration. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-13T18:32:46Z envoPolar ENVO contains this top-level class, but all instances will be in GAZ. The definition is preliminary and will be aligned to BFO. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ecozones correspond to the floristic kingdoms of botany or zoogeographic regions of zoology. Ecozones are characterized by the evolutionary history of the organisms they contain. They are distinct from biomes, also known as major habitat types, which are divisions of the Earth's surface based on life form, or the adaptation of plants and animals to climatic, soil, and other conditions. Biomes are characterized by similar climax vegetation. Each ecozone may include a number of different biomes. A tropical moist broadleaf forest in Central America, for example, may be similar to one in New Guinea in its vegetation type and structure, climate, soils, etc., but these forests are inhabited by plants and animals with very different evolutionary histories. ecozone Ecozones delineate large areas of a planetary surface within which organisms have been evolving in relative isolation over long periods of time, separated from one another by geographic features, such as oceans, broad deserts, or high mountain ranges, that constitute barriers to migration. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ecozone A layer is a quantity of some material which is spatially continuous, has comparable thickness, and usually covers some surface. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T16:42:02Z envoPolar Preliminary definition. layer A layer is a quantity of some material which is spatially continuous, has comparable thickness, and usually covers some surface. Wiktionary:layer A stratum is a layer which is composed of sedimentary rock or soil with internally consistent characteristics that distinguish it from other layers. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T16:49:04Z stratum ENVO ENVO:01000282 Preliminary definition. Concepts such as "characteristic" may be problematic. sedimentary stratum A stratum is a layer which is composed of sedimentary rock or soil with internally consistent characteristics that distinguish it from other layers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratum A layer which is part of a lake. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T16:57:43Z ENVO ENVO:01000283 envoPolar Note that this class does not contain metalimnion as a subclass. The metaliminon is classified as a thermocline. lake layer A lake which is permanently covered by ice, does not mix, and exhibit inverse cold water stratification whereby water temperature increases with depth below the ice surface. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T17:08:47Z amictic lake A lake which is permanently covered by ice, does not mix, and exhibit inverse cold water stratification whereby water temperature increases with depth below the ice surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amictic_lake A holomictic lake is a lake which mixes at least once per year. Mixing is caused by a uniform temperature distribution from the upper to lower layers of the lake. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T17:08:47Z ENVO non-meromictic lake ENVO:01000285 holomictic lake A holomictic lake is a lake which mixes at least once per year. Mixing is caused by a uniform temperature distribution from the upper to lower layers of the lake. DOI:10.1139/f83-207 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holomictic non-meromictic lake DOI:10.1139/f83-207 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holomictic A dimitic lake is a holomictic lake which mixes from top to bottom during two mixing periods each year. Mixing typically occurs during the spring and autumn, when the lake is "isothermal" (i.e., at the same temperature from the top to the bottom). At this time the water throughout the lake is about 4°C, and, in the absence of any temperature or density differences, the lake readily mixes from top to bottom. These lakes are common in regions with temperate climates. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T17:08:47Z ENVO ENVO:01000286 dimictic lake A dimitic lake is a holomictic lake which mixes from top to bottom during two mixing periods each year. Mixing typically occurs during the spring and autumn, when the lake is "isothermal" (i.e., at the same temperature from the top to the bottom). At this time the water throughout the lake is about 4°C, and, in the absence of any temperature or density differences, the lake readily mixes from top to bottom. These lakes are common in regions with temperate climates. DOI:10.1139/f83-207 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimictic_lake A polymictic lake is a holomictic lake which is too shallow to allow thermal stratification and which can mix from top to bottom through the ice-free period of the year. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T17:08:47Z ENVO ENVO:01000287 polymictic lake A polymictic lake is a holomictic lake which is too shallow to allow thermal stratification and which can mix from top to bottom through the ice-free period of the year. DOI:10.1139/f83-207 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymictic A monomictic lake is a holomictic lake which mixes from top to bottom during one mixing period each year. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T17:08:47Z ENVO ENVO:01000288 monomictic lake A monomictic lake is a holomictic lake which mixes from top to bottom during one mixing period each year. DOI:10.1139/f83-207 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monomictic A monomictic lake which is covered by ice throughout much of the year and only mixes when its surface ice melts and the lake lacks thermal stratification. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T17:23:51Z ENVO ENVO:01000289 cold monomictic lake A monomictic lake which is covered by ice throughout much of the year and only mixes when its surface ice melts and the lake lacks thermal stratification. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monomictic A monomictic lake which does not freeze and is thermally stratified throughout most of the year, only mixing in winter when cooler temperatures ease stratification. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T17:26:42Z ENVO ENVO:01000290 warm monomictic lake A monomictic lake which does not freeze and is thermally stratified throughout most of the year, only mixing in winter when cooler temperatures ease stratification. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monomictic A cold polymictic lake is a polymictic lake which is covered by ice in winter. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T17:31:50Z ENVO ENVO:01000291 cold polymictic lake A cold polymictic lake is a polymictic lake which is covered by ice in winter. DOI:10.1139/f83-207 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymictic A warm polymictic lake is a polymictic lake which is not covered by ice at any point during the year. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T17:32:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000292 warm polymictic lake A warm polymictic lake is a polymictic lake which is not covered by ice at any point during the year. DOI:10.1139/f83-207 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymictic A mass of ice. Class should be populated by inference and asserted subclasses redistributed. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T19:49:11Z envoPolar ice mass A deep fissure in rock. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-16T00:42:47Z ENVO crevice ENVO:01000294 crevice A deep fissure in rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fracture crevice USGS:SDTS A layer that is part of a marine water body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoMarine envoPolar marine layer A layer that is part of a marine water body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A lake bed which is dry. That is, the bed of a dry lake. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-16T12:12:53Z Deliberately disjoint with "lake bed", which must be covered with water. dry lake bed A river where fresh water flows. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-16T12:56:48Z ENVO ENVO:01000297 Preliminary definition. freshwater river A river where fresh water flows. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The continental margin is the zone of the ocean floor that separates the thin oceanic crust from thick continental crust. Together, the continental shelf, continental slope, and continental rise are called continental margin. Continental margins constitute about 28% of the oceanic area. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-18T00:04:57Z EcoLexicon:continental_margin SWEETRealm:ContinentalMargin ENVO ENVO:01000298 envoPolar continental margin The continental margin is the zone of the ocean floor that separates the thin oceanic crust from thick continental crust. Together, the continental shelf, continental slope, and continental rise are called continental margin. Continental margins constitute about 28% of the oceanic area. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_margin A Taylor column is a column of deflected fluid flow which is formed in a perturbed, rotating fluid, is parallel to the axis of rotation, and extends above the obstacle perturbing the fluid in a rigid manner. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-19T11:11:28Z ENVO ENVO:01000299 This is an interesting class. It's not really a column in the sense of a water column, nor is it a current, exactly. It may also occur in any fluid, gaseous or liquid. Taylor column A Taylor column is a column of deflected fluid flow which is formed in a perturbed, rotating fluid, is parallel to the axis of rotation, and extends above the obstacle perturbing the fluid in a rigid manner. ISBN:044482619X ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_column An atmospheric Taylor column is a Taylor column that is formed in the atmosphere. Atmospheric Taylor columns often form above islands resulting in vortex streets in the atmosphere. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-19T11:12:43Z ENVO vortex street ENVO:01000300 atmospheric Taylor column An atmospheric Taylor column is a Taylor column that is formed in the atmosphere. Atmospheric Taylor columns often form above islands resulting in vortex streets in the atmosphere. ISBN:044482619X ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_column vortex street https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kármán_vortex_street Brackish water which is part of an estuary. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-19T11:30:46Z ENVO ENVO:01000301 estuarine water Brackish water which is part of an estuary. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary A portion of environmental material which protrudes through a surface layer. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2014-04-24T13:12:49Z ENVO ENVO:01000302 This is kept as a general class. One can specify subclasses by identifying the protruding material (e.g. rock outcroup, mineral outcrop, etc ) and the material(s) the protrusion emerges from. Possible logical definition: A portion of ENVO:environmental material which has_quality PATO:"protruding out of" a ENVO:surface layer of an ENVO:environmental material. outcrop An endolithic environment is an environment that exists within solid rock. endolithic environment A high pressure environment is an environment in which all material entities are exposed to a high ratio of force per unit area. high pressure environment A high temperature environment is an environment in which material entities are exposed to increased levels of heat radiation or which have molecules or atoms moving randomly with increased levels of average kinietic energy. high temperature environment An aquatic environment which is determined by freshwater. Water (non-saline) fresh water environment envoEmpo envoOmics envoPolar freshwater environment Water (non-saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by saline water. Water (saline) envoEmpo envoOmics envoPolar saline water environment Water (saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which is located beyond the Earth's exosphere and away from the Earth's core. This would need an instance of planet (i.e. Earth) to be fully expressed. Note that this is not necessarily outer space, as it can include planetary environments that are not of Earth. extraterrestrial environment An environment which has a lower temperature than some local or global average. envoPolar The definition of the deprecated 'cold temperature habitat' class, which this class was derived from, quotes an upper threshold of 15 degrees Celsius for 'coldness'. cold environment A haline environment is an environment in which entities are exposed to high concentrations of salt, typically above 2 molar. haline environment A cultivated environment is an environment that has been modified by humans by the preparation of the land, usually for the purposes of growing crops. EcoLexicon:agriculture FTT:1248 FTT:54 FTT:55 FTT:56 Geonames:V.CULT LTER:17 SPIRE:Agricultural SWEETRealm:Range cropland ENVO CROPLAND agricultural region cultivated area cultivated cropland market garden range truck farm truck garden cultivated environment A cultivated environment is an environment that has been modified by humans by the preparation of the land, usually for the purposes of growing crops. MA:ma cropland ADL:FTT CROPLAND USGS:SDTS cultivated area Geonames:feature cultivated cropland ADL:FTT market garden USGS:SDTS range ADL:FTT truck farm USGS:SDTS truck garden USGS:SDTS A culturing environment is an environment which is maintained by humans for the purposes of preparing cell, organ, tissue and plant tissue cultures. ENVO culturing environment A culturing environment is an environment which is maintained by humans for the purposes of preparing cell, organ, tissue and plant tissue cultures. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_culture An anthropogenic environment is an environmental system which is the product of human activity. Unsatisfactory definition here. Must consider the threshold that makes an environmental system anthropogenic. anthropogenic environment A high osmolarity environment is an environment in which entities are exposed to high concentrations of solutes. high osmolarity environment An acidic environment is an environment in which material entities are exposed to a low pH. acidic environment An alkaline environment is an environment in which entities are exposed to high pH, typically greater than a pH of 9. alkaline environment An environment whose dynamics are strongly influenced by water. aquatic environment An extreme high temperature environment is a high temperature environment in which entities are exposed to temperatures above 80 degrees Celsius. The lower threshold, 80 degrees Celsius, is derived from the definition of the obsolete class "extreme high temperature habitat" which this class replaces. extreme high temperature environment A rocky slope is a slope which has a surface primarily composed of rock. rocky slope A marine environment and enviroment which is determined by a marine water body. envoPolar marine environment A marine environment and enviroment which is determined by a marine water body. NM:nm An environmental system determined by seawater. ocean water environment envoPolar sea water environment An environment determined by the presence of brackish water. envoPolar This may refer to environments submerged in brackish water or those that are determined by its presence, such as a brackish water pond environment. brackish water environment The atmospheric boundary layer is the lowest layer of an atmosphere which is strongly influenced by its contact with a planetary surface with strong vertical mixing and in which physical quantities such as flow velocity, temperature, and moisture display rapid fluctuations (turbulence). planetary boundary layer envoPolar atmospheric boundary layer A planetary surface is a surface layer where the solid or liquid material of a planet comes into contact with atmosphere or outer space. a useful class: this can be used to define sub-terrestrial and sub-marine entities planetary surface A layer in a water mass, itself composed primarily of water. envoPolar This class will eventually be populated by inference, and its asserted subclasses removed. aquatic layer A subsurface layer in a water body, typically an ocean or lake, in which chlorophyll concentrations reach their maximum. Logical def is incomplete. Need to express the idea of maximum chlorophyll. This could follow a pattern like: X has_maximum_levels_of Y relative_to Z, i.e. DCM has_maximum_levels_of chlorophyll relative_to subsurface_aquatic_layer May also be useful to include has_decreased_levels_of light intensity relative_to surface aquatic layer Further discussion in Issue #126. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 DCM subsurface chlorophyll maximum layer envoPolar The DCM may or may not indicate greater abundance of photosynthetic, chlorophyll-bearing cells, as shade-adapted cells may have a greater chlorophyll to biomass ration than surface variants. Further, some DCMs may be formed by the sinking of cells from surface zones or the subduction of surface waters, rather than through biotic, community-level processess. deep chlorophyll maximum layer A subsurface layer in a water body, typically an ocean or lake, in which chlorophyll concentrations reach their maximum. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_chlorophyll_maximum The DCM may or may not indicate greater abundance of photosynthetic, chlorophyll-bearing cells, as shade-adapted cells may have a greater chlorophyll to biomass ration than surface variants. Further, some DCMs may be formed by the sinking of cells from surface zones or the subduction of surface waters, rather than through biotic, community-level processess. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_chlorophyll_maximum A strand swamp is a swamp that forms linear drainage channels on flatlands. strand swamp A dome swamp is a swamp which occurs in a depression where deeper waters at the centre of the swamp allow trees to grow taller relative to those in shallower regions of the depression. This creates a dome-like shape. The logical def should be improved with the idea of a vegetation unit growing in a depression expressed. dome swamp A cypress dome swamp is a dome swamp which has a plant community dominated by Cupressaceae, often swamp cypresses. Swamp cypresses typically belong to the genus Taxodium or the species Glyptostrobus pensilis and Actinostrobus pyramidalis. cypress dome swamp Requires import of some taxonomy for differentia cypress dome A cypress strand swamp is a strand swamp which has a plant community dominated by Cupressaceae, often swamp cypresses. Swamp cypresses typically belong to the genus Taxodium or the species Glyptostrobus pensilis and Actinostrobus pyramidalis. cypress strand Requires import of some taxonomy for differentia cypress strand swamp A cypress swamp is a swamp which has a plant community dominated by Cupressaceae, often swamp cypresses. Swamp cypresses typically belong to the genus Taxodium or the species Glyptostrobus pensilis and Actinostrobus pyramidalis. Requires import of some taxonomy for differentia cypress swamp A gravelly slope is a slope which has a surface primarily composed of gravel. gravelly slope A hillside is a slope that is part of a hill. brae hillside A talus slope is a slope which has a surface layer composed of scree. scree slope talus slope An understory is a layer of plant life which grows below the canopy without penetrating it. under story understorey understory An understory is a layer of plant life which grows below the canopy without penetrating it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Understory A shrub layer is a layer of vegetation in a woodland or forest consisting of low, woody vegetation of frutescent form. shrub layer A shrub layer is a layer of vegetation in a woodland or forest consisting of low, woody vegetation of frutescent form. http://www.treeterms.co.uk/definitions/shrub-layer A herb and fern layer is a layer of a forest or woodland which is composed of all vascular plant life that are one metre or less in height. fern layer herb layer herb stratum herbaceous layer herbaceous stratum herbaceous understory ground cover ground vegetation regeneration layer This definition is inclusive of non-herbaceous plants that may be transiently present in the "herb layer". See Gilliam FS (2007) The Ecological Significance of the Herbaceous Layer in Temperate Forest Ecosystems. BioScience. 57(10):845-858. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/B571007) for rationale and a review of definitional and terminological variation. herb and fern layer A herb and fern layer is a layer of a forest or woodland which is composed of all vascular plant life that are one metre or less in height. http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/B571007 ground layer Refers to the ground layer of a forest or woodland where leaf litter or other plant matter accumulates litter layer A biome which has the environmental condition polar envoPolar This class is primarily for inference and, in general, should not be used directly by annotators. If you're an annotator, please consider using a more informative term such as 'tundra biome'. polar biome An alpine condition is an environmental condition in which the monthly mean temperature is less than 10 degrees Celsius and which occurs at altitudes above the tree line and below the snowline. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 LTER:26 envoPolar Requested term with preliminary def. See Issue 29 on the envo tracker. alpine An alpine condition is an environmental condition in which the monthly mean temperature is less than 10 degrees Celsius and which occurs at altitudes above the tree line and below the snowline. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation A subalpine condition is an environmental condition in which an altitude range falls immediately below the tree line. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar Requested in Issue 33 of our tracker. The lower boundry of this condition's range, that is, the lower altitudinal limit of an elevation that is considuered subalpine, is not clear in this definition. subalpline A montane condition is an environmental condition in which an altitude range falls between mid-altitude forests and the tree line. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 LTER:350 envoPolar The exact level of the tree line varies with local climate, but typically the tree line is found where mean monthly soil temperatures never exceed 10.0 degrees C and the mean annual soil temperatures are around 6.7 degrees C. In the tropics, this region is typified by montane rain forest (above 3,000 ft) while at higher latitudes coniferous forests often dominate. montane A montane condition is an environmental condition in which an altitude range falls between mid-altitude forests and the tree line. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation The exact level of the tree line varies with local climate, but typically the tree line is found where mean monthly soil temperatures never exceed 10.0 degrees C and the mean annual soil temperatures are around 6.7 degrees C. In the tropics, this region is typified by montane rain forest (above 3,000 ft) while at higher latitudes coniferous forests often dominate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation An altitudinal condition is an environmental condition in which ranges of factors such as temperature, humidity, soil composition, solar irradiation, and tree density vary with ranges in altitude. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar Depending on the latitude (and, to a lesser extent, other factors), the actual location of the zones where these conditions are in effect will change. altitudinal condition An altitudinal condition is an environmental condition in which ranges of factors such as temperature, humidity, soil composition, solar irradiation, and tree density vary with ranges in altitude. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation A nival condition is an environmental condition in which vegetation is extremely limited, soils are silica enriched, and ground cover is dominated by snow and ice at altitudes above the snowline. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar nival A nival condition is an environmental condition in which vegetation is extremely limited, soils are silica enriched, and ground cover is dominated by snow and ice at altitudes above the snowline. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation An upper montane condition is a montane condition in which an altitude range falls immediately below the tree line. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar This definition is somewhat odd in that it doesn't clearly define a lower boundary. upper montane A lower montane condition is a montane condition in which an altitude range falls immediately above mid-altitude forests. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar This definition does not define an upper boundary. lower montane A montane conifer woodland is a conifer woodland which is located within an altitude range that falls between mid-altitude forests and the tree line. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Requested in Issue 56. montane conifer woodland A field used for the cultivation of corn or related crop plants. Requested in Issue 112 as part of the curation of metagenome submissions in the European Nucleotide Archive. maize field An organic material primarily composed of a portion of plant root. Requested in Issue 115 as part of the annotation of metagenomic submissions present in the European Nucleotide Archive. root matter Autoclaved sand is sand that has been sterlised by exposure to high pressure saturated steam at at least 121 degrees Celsius. Requested in Issue 116 as part of the annotation of metagenomic submissions present in the European Nucleotide Archive. autoclaved sand A marine mesoscale eddy is a current of marine water which has a typical horizontal diameter of less than 100 km and persists for approximately one month. ENVO:01000069 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 obsolete marine mesoscale eddy true A marine mesoscale eddy is a current of marine water which has a typical horizontal diameter of less than 100 km and persists for approximately one month. http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/ocean-mesoscale-eddies An unbroken expanse (as of ice) ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar This class was created to accommodate "fields" from agricultural fields to marine mesoscale eddy fields. Thus, it has a very broad definition which makes it less than informative when annotating. Please consider using or requesting an appropriate subclass. field An unbroken expanse (as of ice) http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/field A mesoscale eddy field is an expanse of marine water which includes coherent vortices, as well as a rich cascade of other structures such as filaments, squirts and spirals and is characterized by temperature and salinity anomalies with associated flow anomalies that are nearly in geostrophic balance. Although only the surface expression of mesoscale eddies is visible in satellite images of sea surface height or temperature, they are in fact three dimensional structures that reach down into the pycnocline. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 marine mesoscale eddy field A mesoscale eddy field is an expanse of marine water which includes coherent vortices, as well as a rich cascade of other structures such as filaments, squirts and spirals and is characterized by temperature and salinity anomalies with associated flow anomalies that are nearly in geostrophic balance. Although only the surface expression of mesoscale eddies is visible in satellite images of sea surface height or temperature, they are in fact three dimensional structures that reach down into the pycnocline. http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/ocean-mesoscale-eddies An ice cap climatic condition is a polar condition in which the montly average temperature does not exceed 0 degrees Celsius. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar ice cap climatic condition An ice cap climatic condition is a polar condition in which the montly average temperature does not exceed 0 degrees Celsius. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_climate A layer which is determined by a form of vegetation. forest layer forest stratum woodland layer woodland stratum Usually found in woodlands and forests. vegetation layer A portion of granite is a portion of igneous rock which is intrusive, felsic, granular, and phaneritic. Requested in issue 45. Some relations to PATO and SWEET classes suggested. granite A portion of granite is a portion of igneous rock which is intrusive, felsic, granular, and phaneritic. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granite A portion of alkaline water is a portion of water with a pH greater than 7. Here, we commit to a threshold of pH as this is almost universally accepted. alkaline water A portion of acidic water is a portion of water with a pH less than 7. acidic water A cave formed in limestone, usually by dissolution of limestone by acidic groundwater. Can be linked to a solutional environmental process and acidic groundwater. limestone cave A cave formed by the dissolution of soluble rock or other solid material such as limestone, chalk, dolomite, gypsum, salt or marble. Can be linked to a solutional environmental process and acidic groundwater. solutional cave A cave formed by the dissolution of soluble rock or other solid material such as limestone, chalk, dolomite, gypsum, salt or marble. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave A cave formed at the same time as the surrounding rock. primary cave A cave formed at the same time as the surrounding rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave A cave that is formed by the action of pressurised lava pushing against surrounding rock and then draining away. inflationary cave A cave that is formed by the action of pressurised lava pushing against surrounding rock and then draining away. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_cave A cave formed by erosion caused by flowing streams carrying rocks or sediments. erosional cave A cave formed by erosion caused by flowing streams carrying rocks or sediments. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave A glacier cave is a cave formed within or under a glacier. glacier cave A glacier cave is a cave formed within or under a glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave An ice cave is a bedrock cave which contains year-round ice formations. ice cave A talus cave is a cave formed by the openings between large boulders which have fallen into a random heap. talus cave A talus cave is a cave formed by the openings between large boulders which have fallen into a random heap. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave An anchialine cave is a cave which contains an anchialine pool. anchialine cave An anchialine cave is a cave which contains an anchialine pool. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave An anchialine pool is a landlocked water body with a subterranean connection to the ocean and which has fresh water towards its surface with saline water in its deeper layers. anchialine pond anchialine pool An anchialine pool is a landlocked water body with a subterranean connection to the ocean and which has fresh water towards its surface with saline water in its deeper layers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchialine_pool A cave which is within a vadose zone. vadose cave A cave which is within a vadose zone. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mordloch An tundra climatic condition is a polar condition in which at least one month's average temperature exceeds 0 degrees Celsius. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar tundra climatic condition An tundra climatic condition is a polar condition in which at least one month's average temperature exceeds 0 degrees Celsius. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_climate Agricultural waste is waste produced as a result of various agricultural operations. It includes manure and other wastes from farms, poultry houses and slaughterhouses; harvest waste; fertilizer run- off from fields; pesticides that enter into water, air or soils; and salt and silt drained from fields. agricultural waste As with other wastes, this is more a role than a material in itself. This should be revised. agricultural waste material Agricultural waste is waste produced as a result of various agricultural operations. It includes manure and other wastes from farms, poultry houses and slaughterhouses; harvest waste; fertilizer run- off from fields; pesticides that enter into water, air or soils; and salt and silt drained from fields. Glossary of Environment Statistics, Studies in Methods, Series F, No. 67, United Nations, New York, 1997. http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=77 Household waste refers to waste material usually generated in the residential environment. Waste with similar characteristics may be generated in other economic activities and can thus be treated and disposed of together with household waste. This will become a defined class, with subclasses added through inference based on material having a 'waste role' and being associated with domestic entities. household waste household waste material Household waste refers to waste material usually generated in the residential environment. Waste with similar characteristics may be generated in other economic activities and can thus be treated and disposed of together with household waste. Glossary of Environment Statistics, Studies in Methods, Series F, No. 67, United Nations, New York, 1997. http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=1261 Biological waste is waste containing mostly natural organic materials (remains of plants, animal excrement, biological sludge from waste-water treatment plants and so forth). This will become a defined class, with subclasses added through inference based on material having a 'waste role' and being composed primarily of some organic or biological matter. biological waste biological waste material Biological waste is waste containing mostly natural organic materials (remains of plants, animal excrement, biological sludge from waste-water treatment plants and so forth). Glossary of Environment Statistics, Studies in Methods, Series F, No. 67, United Nations, New York, 1997. http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=3097 A dry woodland is a woodland which occurs in areas of rain shadow in a tropical marine climate, receives very little rainfall, typically has rapidly draining soils and trees which have adaptations to dry climates such as thick bark, small leaves, and the disposition to shed their leaves. xerophytic ecosystem dry woodland A dry woodland is a woodland which occurs in areas of rain shadow in a tropical marine climate, receives very little rainfall, typically has rapidly draining soils and trees which have adaptations to dry climates such as thick bark, small leaves, and the disposition to shed their leaves. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_marine_climate A tropical marine condition is a tropical condition in which the ocean strongly influences the climate and a wet and dry season occur. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 tropical marine condition A tropical marine condition is a tropical condition in which the ocean strongly influences the climate and a wet and dry season occur. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_marine_climate A semi-evergreen forest is a forest which undergoes a long dry season and, as a consequence, has a two-storey layer structure, a dry canopy, a leaf litter layer that only decays during moist periods trees with very small leaves or which shed their leaves to conserve water and which flower during the dry season and grow during the wet season. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 semi-evergreen forest mesophytic ecosystem tropical marine semi-evergreen forest A semi-evergreen forest is a forest which undergoes a long dry season and, as a consequence, has a two-storey layer structure, a dry canopy, a leaf litter layer that only decays during moist periods trees with very small leaves or which shed their leaves to conserve water and which flower during the dry season and grow during the wet season. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_marine_climate mesophytic ecosystem https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_marine_climate A humid subtropical condition is a subtropical condition in which an environmental system has hot, humid summers, warm to cool dry winters, and average annual precipitation either evenly distributed throughout the year or marked by a dry season or drying trend during winter ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 In cases where rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year, this condition falls into the Cfa category of the Köppen climate classification. In cases marked by a dry season or drying trend during winter, this condition falls into the Cwa category of the Köppen climate classification. Environmental systems with this condition usually occur on the eastern side of continents. humid subtropical A humid subtropical condition is a subtropical condition in which an environmental system has hot, humid summers, warm to cool dry winters, and average annual precipitation either evenly distributed throughout the year or marked by a dry season or drying trend during winter https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropics In cases where rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year, this condition falls into the Cfa category of the Köppen climate classification. In cases marked by a dry season or drying trend during winter, this condition falls into the Cwa category of the Köppen climate classification. Environmental systems with this condition usually occur on the eastern side of continents. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropics An arid subtropical condition is a subtropical condition in which an environmental system has an annual average temperature near 18.2 degrees Celsius with their coldest month averaging between 2 and 13 degrees Celsius, the absence of regular rainfall, and high humidity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 desert climate semi-desert climate semi-arid climate Mild variants are generally located in areas adjacent to powerful cold ocean currents. arid subtropical An arid subtropical condition is a subtropical condition in which an environmental system has an annual average temperature near 18.2 degrees Celsius with their coldest month averaging between 2 and 13 degrees Celsius, the absence of regular rainfall, and high humidity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropics desert climate https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropics semi-desert climate https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropics semi-arid climate https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropics Mild variants are generally located in areas adjacent to powerful cold ocean currents. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropics A highland subtropical condition is a subtropical condition in which increased elevation results in mild summers, cooler winters, and, in some instances, snowfall associated with montly temperature averages below 22 but above -3 degrees Celsius. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 This is an interesting overlap of a latitudinal and altitudinal condition. Some link between this condition and the altitudinal conditions should be considered. This condition corresponds to the Cfb and Cwb categories of Köppen climate classification. highland subtropical A highland subtropical condition is a subtropical condition in which increased elevation results in mild summers, cooler winters, and, in some instances, snowfall associated with montly temperature averages below 22 but above -3 degrees Celsius. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropics An oceanic temperate condition is a temperate condition which is strongly influenced by oceans and oceanic winds. Summers are cool and winters are cool, but not cold, and there is little frozen precipitation at lower elevations. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 This condition is typically present on the western coasts of large continental landmasses. oceanic temperate An oceanic temperate condition is a temperate condition which is strongly influenced by oceans and oceanic winds. Summers are cool and winters are cool, but not cold, and there is little frozen precipitation at lower elevations. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_zone A continental temperate condition is a temperate condition which is influenced by large land masses. Summers are warm to hot and winters are often long, cold, and snowy. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 continental temperate A continental temperate condition is a temperate condition which is influenced by large land masses. Summers are warm to hot and winters are often long, cold, and snowy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_zone A cold desert is a desert which has hot summers and cold, dry winters with temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius envoPolar This variant of the desert climate is somewhat rare outside of Asia. A cold desert climate is typically found in temperate zones, almost always in the rain shadow of high mountains which restrict precipitation from the westerly winds, or in the case of Central Asia, from the monsoon. The Gobi desert in Mongolia is a classic example of a region with a cold desert climate. Though hot in summer, it shares the very cold winters of the rest of Central Asia. The Kyzyl Kum and Taklamakan deserts of Central Asia and the drier portions of the Great Basin Desert of the western United States are other major examples of BWk climates. The Ladakh region, lying in the Great Himalayas in India also has a cold desert climate. cold desert A cold desert is a desert which has hot summers and cold, dry winters with temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_climate#Cold_desert_climates An evergreen needleleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. coniferous forest This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). temperate evergreen needleleaf forest A broadleaf forest which is subject to tropical climate patterns with high rainfall, is located in a lowland area, and is dominated by plants which retain their leaves throughout the year. rain forest This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). tropical lowland evergreen broadleaf rain forest rain forest http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/6949 A deciduous broadleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). temperate deciduous broadleaf forest A deciduous needleleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. coniferous forest This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). temperate deciduous needleleaf forest A deciduous broadleaf forest which is subject to tropical climate patterns. rain forest This class corresponds to the "Tropical Deciduous / semi-deciduous broadleaf forest" category of the updated Global Forest Map classification (GFM 2000). To reconstruct the original class, an aggregate class with this and the "tropical semi-deciduous broadleaf forest" class can be made. tropical deciduous broadleaf forest rain forest http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/6949 A semi-deciduous broadleaf forest which is subject to tropical climate patterns. rain forest This class corresponds to the "Tropical Deciduous / semi-deciduous broadleaf forest" category of the updated Global Forest Map classification (GFM 2000). To reconstruct the original class, an aggregate class with this and the "tropical deciduous broadleaf forest" class can be made. tropical semi-deciduous broadleaf forest rain forest http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/6949 A mixed broadleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. This class corresponds to the "Temperate Mixed broadleaf / needleleaf forest" category of the updated Global Forest Map classification (GFM 2000). To reconstruct the original class, an aggregate class with this and the "temperate mixed needleleaf forest" class can be made. temperate mixed broadleaf forest A mixed needleleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. coniferous forest This class corresponds to the "Temperate Mixed broadleaf / needleleaf forest" category of the updated Global Forest Map classification (GFM 2000). To reconstruct the original class, an aggregate class with this and the "temperate mixed broadleaf forest" class can be made. temperate mixed needleleaf forest rain forest This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). tropical semi-evergreen moist broadleaf forest rain forest http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/6949 A montane forest which is located in a region subject to tropical climate patterns modulated by sufficient elevation to encounter upper montane climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). tropical upper montane forest A montane forest which is located in a region subject to tropical climate patterns modulated by sufficient elevation to encounter lower montane climatic patterns. tropical lower montane forest A freshwater swamp forest which is subject to tropical climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). tropical freshwater swamp forest A sclerophyllous forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). temperate sclerophyllous dry forest A sclerophyllous forest which is subject to tropical climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). tropical sclerophyllous dry forest A broadleaf evergreen forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). temperate broadleaf evergreen forest A freshwater swamp forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). It is currently unclear how to relate forests and swamps. temperate freshwater swamp forest A needleleaf forest which is subject to tropical climate patterns. coniferous forest This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). tropical needleleaf forest This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). tropical thorn forest A mixed needleleaf forest which is subject to tropical climate patterns. coniferous forest This class corresponds to the "Tropical Mixed needleleaf / broadleaf forest" category of the updated Global Forest Map classification (GFM 2000). To reconstruct the original class, an aggregate class with this and the "tropical mixed broadleaf forest" class can be made. tropical mixed needleleaf forest A mixed broadleaf forest which is subject to tropical climate patterns. This class corresponds to the "Tropical Mixed needleleaf / broadleaf forest" category of the updated Global Forest Map classification (GFM 2000). To reconstruct the original class, an aggregate class with this and the "tropical mixed needleleaf forest" class can be made. tropical mixed broadleaf forest tropical mangrove forest This class corresponds to the "Tropical Mixed needleleaf / broadleaf forest" category of the updated Global Forest Map classification (GFM 2000). To reconstruct the original class, an aggregate class with this and the "tropical mixed needleleaf forest" class can be made. The relationship between this "forest" class and the mangrove swamp must be clarified. tropical mangrove A (portion of) plastic is an (portion of) anthropogenic environmental material including any of numerous organic synthetic or processed materials which are primarily composed of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers of high molecular weight. URL:http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5998 URL:http://eurovoc.europa.eu/1837 envoPolar plastic A (portion of) plastic is an (portion of) anthropogenic environmental material including any of numerous organic synthetic or processed materials which are primarily composed of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers of high molecular weight. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plastic A portion of respirable suspended particulate matter is a form of particulate matter composed primarily of solid particles each with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less. PM10 respirable suspended particulate matter A portion of respirable suspended particulate matter is a form of particulate matter composed primarily of solid particles each with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates Snow is an environmental material which is primarily composed of flakes of crystalline water ice. snow envoPolar snow Snow is an environmental material which is primarily composed of flakes of crystalline water ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow snow http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/7769 The littoral zone is the part of a sea, lake, or river that is close to the shore. The adjacency of water has many consequences including the generation of microclimates and impacts on the biology. This class is intended to capture littoral zones that are associated with marine, freshwater, and any other aquatic environments. Note that there is no single definition of the extent of the "littoral zone", associated with any water body. Here, we use definitions that will be more familiar to marine biologists rather than military organisations, although the latter can be added on request. littoral zone The littoral zone is the part of a sea, lake, or river that is close to the shore. The adjacency of water has many consequences including the generation of microclimates and impacts on the biology. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone A site which has its extent determined by the presence or influence of one or more components of an environmental system or the processes occurring therein. environmental area envoPolar Formerly, this class was an experimental class and a subclass of "environmental feature". It is now aligned to BFO. The class was not obsoleted as the core semantics maintained their stability through its transition. environmental zone A freshwater littoral zone is a littoral zone which extends offshore from the shore of a freshwater body of water to the limit of occupancy of rooted plants. fringing wetland The littoral zone may form a narrow or broad fringing wetland, with extensive areas of aquatic plants sorted by their tolerance to different water depths. Typically, four zones are recognized, from higher to lower on the shore: wooded wetland, wet meadow, marsh and aquatic vegetation. Keddy, P.A. 2010. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Chapter 2. freshwater littoral zone A freshwater littoral zone is a littoral zone which extends offshore from the shore of a freshwater body of water to the limit of occupancy of rooted plants. URL:http://www.epa.gov/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone The littoral zone may form a narrow or broad fringing wetland, with extensive areas of aquatic plants sorted by their tolerance to different water depths. Typically, four zones are recognized, from higher to lower on the shore: wooded wetland, wet meadow, marsh and aquatic vegetation. Keddy, P.A. 2010. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Chapter 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone The eulittoral zone extends from the spring high tide line, which is rarely inundated, to the spring low tide line, which is rarely not inundated. The wave action and turbulence of recurring tides shapes and reforms cliffs, gaps, and caves, offering a huge range of habitats for sedentary organisms. foreshore intertidal zone mediolittoral zone midlittoral zone marine eulittoral zone The eulittoral zone extends from the spring high tide line, which is rarely inundated, to the spring low tide line, which is rarely not inundated. The wave action and turbulence of recurring tides shapes and reforms cliffs, gaps, and caves, offering a huge range of habitats for sedentary organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone foreshore https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone mediolittoral zone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone midlittoral zone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone A zone which is part of the sublittoral zone and is dominated by algae. This zone usually extends up to five metres below the low water mark. infralittoral zone A zone which is part of the sublittoral zone and is dominated by algae. This zone usually extends up to five metres below the low water mark. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone A zone which is part of the sublittoral zone and is dominated by sessile animals such as oysters. This zone usually begins at a depth greater than the infralittoral zone. circalittoral zone A whole plant which is relatively old old plant A whole plant which is relatively young. young plant A portion of fine respirable suspended particulate matter is a form of particulate matter composed primarily of solid particles each with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less. PM2.5 fine respirable suspended particulate matter A portion of fine respirable suspended particulate matter is a form of particulate matter composed primarily of solid particles each with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A portion of fine respirable suspended particulate matter is a form of particulate matter composed primarily of solid particles each with a diameter of 100 nanometers or less. Regulations do not exist for this size class of ambient air pollution particles, which are far smaller than the regulated PM10 and PM2.5 particle classes and are believed to have several more aggressive health implications than those classes of larger particulates. ultrafine respirable suspended particulate matter A portion of fine respirable suspended particulate matter is a form of particulate matter composed primarily of solid particles each with a diameter of 100 nanometers or less. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrafine_particle A house is a building that provides a dwelling-place for a living entity. The provisioning of a dwelling-place can perhaps be modelled as a role. house A house is a building that provides a dwelling-place for a living entity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House A human house is a house which provides a dwelling-place for humans. human house A garden that is associated with a human house. This association is generally one of spatial proximity or parthood. domestic garden A building part is a construction which is part of a building. Not recommended for annotation. This class is likely to be made into an inferred class as its subclasses are distributed among more meaningful superclasses (i.e. ceiling is_a surface layer). See for example, "building floor". The boundaries between building parts may be bona fide or fiat. building part An indoor kitchen is a room or part of a room primarily used for cooking or food preparation, but which may have other funcitons such as dining, food storage, dishwashing, or laundry. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Not a sublcass of room as this may just be part of some room. indoor kitchen An indoor kitchen is a room or part of a room primarily used for cooking or food preparation, but which may have other funcitons such as dining, food storage, dishwashing, or laundry. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitchen A bathroom is a room which contains a washbasin or other fixture, such as a shower or bath, used for bathing by humans. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 bathing room toilet washroom bathroom A living room is a room in a human house which is used for social and domestic leisure activities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 living-room The logical definitions must state which social and leisure activities are included here. Jet-skiing and mass rallies are probably not the range. living room A living room is a room in a human house which is used for social and domestic leisure activities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Living_room A patio is a paved outdoor area, adjacent to a human house, and used for dining or recreation. patio A patio is a paved outdoor area, adjacent to a human house, and used for dining or recreation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio An indoor toilet is a room which contains a sanitation fixture used primarily for the disposal of human urine and faeces. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 toilet indoor lavatory lavatory toilet room bathroom restroom indoor toilet An indoor toilet is a room which contains a sanitation fixture used primarily for the disposal of human urine and faeces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toilet A building part which is separated from other building parts by one or more interior walls and, optionally, outdoor areas by one or more exterior walls. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 room A building part which is separated from other building parts by one or more interior walls and, optionally, outdoor areas by one or more exterior walls. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Room A portion of carbon nanotube enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of carbon nanotubes. Logical definition will be created pending import of "carbon nanotube" from CHEBI carbon nanotube enriched soil A rocky shore is an intertidal area of a seacoast where solid rock is the predominant substrate. rocky intertidal shore This label is usually used to refer to 'rocky intertidal shores', i.e. a marine environment. Other types of rocky shore should be requested explicitly. Additionally, "rocky" could be a quality, this would link this with rocky deserts etc. rocky shore A rocky shore is an intertidal area of a seacoast where solid rock is the predominant substrate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_shore A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to create a space suitable for habitation, temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion Should be better defined logically aggregating 'hole' or 'tunnel' with some sort of relation to 'habitation' etc. burrow A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to create a space suitable for habitation, temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burrow A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. broadleaf forest A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. The subclasses of this class need to be checked: are they properly placed under other classes or is this corrected and the dominant form of mixed vegetation noted in the label? mixed forest A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. swamp forest coniferous forest A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. needleleaf forest A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. sclerophyllous forest A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. montane forest Waterborne particulate matter is a form of particulate matter in which small portions of solid material are surrounded by water. This class should be populated by inference, relying on 'composed primarily of', many 'pieces of solid material' and 'surrounded by' some 'water'. waterborne particulate matter A lava field is an expanse of flat-lying lava flows. Such features are generally composed of highly fluid basalt lava, and can extend for tens or even hundreds of miles across the underlying terrain. lava area lava bed lava plain lava field A lava field is an expanse of flat-lying lava flows. Such features are generally composed of highly fluid basalt lava, and can extend for tens or even hundreds of miles across the underlying terrain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_field lava bed https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_field lava plain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_field A lava flow is a moving outpouring of lava, which is created during a non-explosive effusive eruption. environmental_hazards lava flow A lava flow is a moving outpouring of lava, which is created during a non-explosive effusive eruption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava andesitic volcano dacitic volcano Andesite is an extrusive igneous, volcanic rock, of intermediate composition, with aphanitic to porphyritic texture. In a general sense, it is the intermediate type between basalt and dacite, and ranges from 57 to 63 percent silicon dioxide as illustrated in TAS diagrams. The mineral assemblage is typically dominated by plagioclase plus pyroxene and/or hornblende. Magnetite, zircon, apatite, ilmenite, biotite, and garnet are common accessory minerals. Alkali feldspar may be present in minor amounts. andesite Andesite is an extrusive igneous, volcanic rock, of intermediate composition, with aphanitic to porphyritic texture. In a general sense, it is the intermediate type between basalt and dacite, and ranges from 57 to 63 percent silicon dioxide as illustrated in TAS diagrams. The mineral assemblage is typically dominated by plagioclase plus pyroxene and/or hornblende. Magnetite, zircon, apatite, ilmenite, biotite, and garnet are common accessory minerals. Alkali feldspar may be present in minor amounts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andesite Dacite is an igneous, volcanic rock. It has an aphanitic to porphyritic texture and is intermediate in composition between andesite and rhyolite. Dacite consists mostly of plagioclase feldspar with biotite, hornblende, and pyroxene (augite and/or enstatite). It has quartz as rounded, corroded phenocrysts, or as an element of the ground-mass. The plagioclase ranges from oligoclase to andesine and labradorite. Sanidine occurs, although in small proportions, in some dacites, and when abundant gives rise to rocks that form transitions to the rhyolites. dacite Dacite is an igneous, volcanic rock. It has an aphanitic to porphyritic texture and is intermediate in composition between andesite and rhyolite. Dacite consists mostly of plagioclase feldspar with biotite, hornblende, and pyroxene (augite and/or enstatite). It has quartz as rounded, corroded phenocrysts, or as an element of the ground-mass. The plagioclase ranges from oligoclase to andesine and labradorite. Sanidine occurs, although in small proportions, in some dacites, and when abundant gives rise to rocks that form transitions to the rhyolites. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/dacite An accumulation of a salt, typically sodium chloride. salt mass dacitic lava A disturbed area is an environmental zone which includes an ecosystem which was subject to an ecological disturbance. That is, the ecosystem in the area has undergone a pronounced change in response to a change in environmental conditions or other perturbation. envoPolar This is often used by plant collectors when early successional species are observed in an area. disturbed area A disturbed area is an environmental zone which includes an ecosystem which was subject to an ecological disturbance. That is, the ecosystem in the area has undergone a pronounced change in response to a change in environmental conditions or other perturbation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disturbance_(ecology) A ravine is a small, narrow, steep-sided valley that is larger than a gully and smaller than a canyon and that is usually worn by running water. ravine A ravine is a small, narrow, steep-sided valley that is larger than a gully and smaller than a canyon and that is usually worn by running water. url:http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ravine An environmental zone of varying area which is adjacent to a road. roadside A mixed grassland is a grassland which contains a mixture of tall and short grasses. mixed grassland mixed grassland ecosystem A mixed grassland is a grassland which contains a mixture of tall and short grasses. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_and_Southern_mixed_grasslands https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_mixed_grasslands url:http://worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/na0810 A wet meadow is a type of wetland with soils that are saturated with water for part or all of the growing season. Debate exists whether a wet meadow is a type of marsh or a completely separate type of wetland. Wet prairies and wet savannas are hydrologically similar. Wet meadows may occur because of restricted drainage or the receipt of large amounts of water from rain or melted snow. They may also occur in riparian zones and around the shores of large lakes. Unlike a marsh or swamp, a wet meadow does not have standing water present except for brief to moderate periods during the growing season. Instead, the ground in a wet meadow fluctuates between brief periods of inundation and longer periods of saturation. Wet meadows often have large numbers of wetland plant species, which frequently survive as buried seeds during dry periods, and then regenerate after flooding. Wet meadows therefore do not usually support aquatic life such as fish. They typically have a high diversity of plant species, and may attract large numbers of birds, small mammals and insects including butterflies. wet meadow ecosystem A wet meadow is a type of wetland with soils that are saturated with water for part or all of the growing season. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet_meadow Debate exists whether a wet meadow is a type of marsh or a completely separate type of wetland. Wet prairies and wet savannas are hydrologically similar. Wet meadows may occur because of restricted drainage or the receipt of large amounts of water from rain or melted snow. They may also occur in riparian zones and around the shores of large lakes. Unlike a marsh or swamp, a wet meadow does not have standing water present except for brief to moderate periods during the growing season. Instead, the ground in a wet meadow fluctuates between brief periods of inundation and longer periods of saturation. Wet meadows often have large numbers of wetland plant species, which frequently survive as buried seeds during dry periods, and then regenerate after flooding. Wet meadows therefore do not usually support aquatic life such as fish. They typically have a high diversity of plant species, and may attract large numbers of birds, small mammals and insects including butterflies. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet_meadow A mass of salt which has erupted onto a planetary surface, usually through sedimentary rock. namakier salt fountain salt glacier A mass of salt which has erupted onto a planetary surface, usually through sedimentary rock. Adapted from URL:http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=86861 Atmospheric carbon dioxide is an environmental material composed of carbon dioxide in its gaseous form present in an atmosphere. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar This could also be considered a part of an environmental material like air. atmospheric carbon dioxide A disposition which is realised by an environmental system or system parts thereof. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 This class and its subclasses are experimental and are being developed with NCEAS use cases in mind. environmental disposition The disposition of an environmental system to sequester and store carbon. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 carbon pooling disposition The disposition of an environment to sequester carbon dioxide, subsequently storing the carbon component thereof. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 carbon dioxide pooling disposition The disposition of an environmental system to sequester and store some material entity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 material pooling disposition A concrete masonry unit is a large, rectangular masonry unit primarily composed of concrete. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 concrete masonry unit A concrete masonry unit is a large, rectangular masonry unit primarily composed of concrete. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete_masonry_unit A masonry unit is a solid piece of material, usually with a regular shape, used as a component in the construction of buildings. Masonry units are usually composed of brick, stone, marble, granite, travertine, limestone, cast stone, concrete block, glass block, stucco, tile, or cob. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 masonry unit A masonry unit is a solid piece of material, usually with a regular shape, used as a component in the construction of buildings. Masonry units are usually composed of brick, stone, marble, granite, travertine, limestone, cast stone, concrete block, glass block, stucco, tile, or cob. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masonry Concrete is a composite material composed of an aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement which hardens over time. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Missing the class for "aggregate" - tricky to define what it is, exactly. Again, seems more like some sort of material/disposition hybrid. concrete Concrete is a composite material composed of an aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement which hardens over time. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete Asphaltic concrete is a concrete which uses refined asphalt as a cement. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 asphaltic concrete road pavement asphalt concrete Asphaltic concrete is a concrete which uses refined asphalt as a cement. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete Asphalt also known as bitumen is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum. asphaltum bitumen crude bitumen pitch tar This class refers to naturally-occuring asphalt or bitumen. asphalt Asphalt also known as bitumen is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphalt Refined asphalt is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid with a boiling point above 500 degrees Celsius, obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 refined bitumen refined asphalt Refined asphalt is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid with a boiling point above 500 degrees Celsius, obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphalt Masonry cement is a substance used in construction that has the disposition to set and harden and thus may be used to bind materials together. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 cement "Cement" refers more to a disposition than a specific material. masonry cement Masonry cement is a substance used in construction that has the disposition to set and harden and thus may be used to bind materials together. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement Hydraulic cement is a masonry cement which contains activated aluminium silicates or pozzolans, such as fly ash, allowing it to set in wet conditions or underwater. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 hydraulic cement Hydraulic cement is a masonry cement which contains activated aluminium silicates or pozzolans, such as fly ash, allowing it to set in wet conditions or underwater. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement Non-hydraulic cement is a cement which sets by reacting with carbon dioxide in the air and will not set in wet conditions or underwater. It is susceptible to attack by aggresive chemicals after setting. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 non-hydraulic cement Non-hydraulic cement is a cement which sets by reacting with carbon dioxide in the air and will not set in wet conditions or underwater. It is susceptible to attack by aggresive chemicals after setting. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement Building walls are bulding parts which serve to support roofs, floors and ceilings; enclose a space as part of the building envelope; give buildings form; and to provide shelter and security. This is a building part and not the same as a standalone wall, which is a building in its own right. building wall Building walls are bulding parts which serve to support roofs, floors and ceilings; enclose a space as part of the building envelope; give buildings form; and to provide shelter and security. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall A boundary wall is a constructed barrier which is usually opaque, constructed from masonry, and of greater structural strength than a fence. defensive wall This is not the same as a wall that is part of a building. use ENVO:01000420 for the latter. boundary wall A boundary wall is a constructed barrier which is usually opaque, constructed from masonry, and of greater structural strength than a fence. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall#Boundary_wall A constructed barrier is a freestanding wall, berm, or fence built to limit movement of entities across a boundary. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 barrier constructed barrier A constructed barrier is a freestanding wall, berm, or fence built to limit movement of entities across a boundary. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border_barrier A fence is a constructed barrier which is generally of lighter construction than a wall and used to provide visual sectioning of spaces. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 fence A fence is a constructed barrier which is generally of lighter construction than a wall and used to provide visual sectioning of spaces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fence An exterior wall is a building wall which separates the interior of a building from the buildings surrounding environment. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 exterior wall A building envelope is a building part composed of those building parts which physically separate the interior of a building from its surrounding environment. The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise transfer. The three basic elements of a building envelope are a weather barrier, air barrier, and thermal barrier. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 building enclosure building envelope A building envelope is a building part composed of those building parts which physically separate the interior of a building from its surrounding environment. The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise transfer. The three basic elements of a building envelope are a weather barrier, air barrier, and thermal barrier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_envelope ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A ceiling is an overhead interior surface that covers the upper limit of a room. It is not generally considered a structural element, but a finished surface concealing the underside of the floor or roof structure above. ceiling A ceiling is an overhead interior surface that covers the upper limit of a room. It is not generally considered a structural element, but a finished surface concealing the underside of the floor or roof structure above. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceiling A roof is the covering on the uppermost part of a building which provides protection from animals and weather, notably rain, but also heat, wind and sunlight. A roof is also the framing or structure which supports the covering ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 roof This class is meant to represent roofs which are parts of buildings, rather than a roofs of cave and other natural formations. building roof A roof is the covering on the uppermost part of a building which provides protection from animals and weather, notably rain, but also heat, wind and sunlight. A roof is also the framing or structure which supports the covering https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roof Thatch is material composed of dry vegetation such as straw, water reed, sedge (Cladium mariscus), rushes, or heather. Some sort of logical definition towards: composed_primarily_of some ((straw or 'water reed' or rushes or sedge or heather) and has_quality dry) should be considered, where "rushes", "sedge", etc are represented as materials rather than some sort of taxon. thatch Thatch is material composed of dry vegetation such as straw, water reed, sedge (Cladium mariscus), rushes, or heather. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thatching A portion of brick material is a material derived from a brick which is composed of kneaded clay-bearing soil, expanded clay aggregate, sand and lime, or concrete that has been fire-hardened or air-dried. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 brick material A portion of brick material is a material derived from a brick which is composed of kneaded clay-bearing soil, expanded clay aggregate, sand and lime, or concrete that has been fire-hardened or air-dried. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick A brick is a masonry unit which is composed of kneaded clay-bearing soil, expanded clay aggregate, sand and lime, or concrete material, fire-hardened or air-dried. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Generally used to refer to the masonry unit rather than a material. brick A brick is a masonry unit which is composed of kneaded clay-bearing soil, expanded clay aggregate, sand and lime, or concrete material, fire-hardened or air-dried. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick Plaster is a building material which has the disposition to harden when it reacts with water, liberating heat through crystallization. Plaster is manufactured as a dry powder and is mixed with water to form a paste when used. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 render stucco plaster Plaster is a building material which has the disposition to harden when it reacts with water, liberating heat through crystallization. Plaster is manufactured as a dry powder and is mixed with water to form a paste when used. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaster Gypsum plaster is a plaster which is formed by partially dehydrating gypsum by heating it to approximately 150 degrees Celsius and grinding the product into a powder. Gypsum anhydride - formed by heating gypsum above 200 degrees Celsius - may also be used as plaster. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 plaster of Paris gypsum plaster Gypsum plaster is a plaster which is formed by partially dehydrating gypsum by heating it to approximately 150 degrees Celsius and grinding the product into a powder. Gypsum anhydride - formed by heating gypsum above 200 degrees Celsius - may also be used as plaster. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaster ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 cement render cement stucco cement plaster Lime plaster is a plaster which is primarily composed of calcium hydroxide and an inert filler (such as sand). Coversion of the calcium hydroxide to calcium carbonate through a reaction with carbon dioxide in the air causes the plaster to set. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 lime render lime stucco slaked lime plaster lime plaster Lime plaster is a plaster which is primarily composed of calcium hydroxide and an inert filler (such as sand). Coversion of the calcium hydroxide to calcium carbonate through a reaction with carbon dioxide in the air causes the plaster to set. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaster Glass is an amorphous (non-crystalline) solid which is often transparent. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 This class refers to all forms of glass. For the familiar form present in window panes and drinking glasses, consider silica-based glass. glass Glass is an amorphous (non-crystalline) solid which is often transparent. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass Silica-based glass is a glass composed primarily of silicon dioxide, the primary constituent of sand. glass Silica-based glasses are the most common manufactured variety of glass. silica-based glass Soda-lime glass is a silica-based glass which is composed of approximately 75% silicon dioxide, with sodium oxide and calcium oxide consituting most of its remaining composition. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 glass soda-lime-silica glass This type of glass constitutes 90% of manufactured glass. soda-lime glass Soda-lime glass is a silica-based glass which is composed of approximately 75% silicon dioxide, with sodium oxide and calcium oxide consituting most of its remaining composition. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soda-lime_glass This type of glass constitutes 90% of manufactured glass. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass Flat glass is a soda-lime glass which is composed of approximately 73% silicon dioxide (silica), 14% sodium oxide, 9% calcium oxide, 4% magnesium oxide, 0.15% aluminium oxide, 0.03% potassium oxide, 0.02% titanum dioxide, and 0.01% iron III oxide. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 plate glass sheet glass Most flat glass is soda-lime glass produced by the float glass process. It is more water soluble than container glass. flat glass Flat glass is a soda-lime glass which is composed of approximately 73% silicon dioxide (silica), 14% sodium oxide, 9% calcium oxide, 4% magnesium oxide, 0.15% aluminium oxide, 0.03% potassium oxide, 0.02% titanum dioxide, and 0.01% iron III oxide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soda-lime_glass Container glass is a soda-lime glass which is composed of approximately 74% silicon dioxide (silica), 13% sodium oxide, 10.5% calcium oxide, 1.3% aluminium oxide, 0.3% potassium oxide, 0.2% sulphur trioxide, 0.2% magnesium oxide, 0.04% iron III oxide, and 0.01% titanum dioxide. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Container glass is less water soluble than flat glass. container glass Container glass is a soda-lime glass which is composed of approximately 74% silicon dioxide (silica), 13% sodium oxide, 10.5% calcium oxide, 1.3% aluminium oxide, 0.3% potassium oxide, 0.2% sulphur trioxide, 0.2% magnesium oxide, 0.04% iron III oxide, and 0.01% titanum dioxide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soda-lime_glass Quartz glass is a glass which is composed of silica in amorphous (non-crystalline) form. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 fused quartz fused silica This is "pure" silica glass. As an ENVO:"environmental material" this class assumes that there remains some possibility that 'contaminants' being present. quartz glass Quartz glass is a glass which is composed of silica in amorphous (non-crystalline) form. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fused_quartz A building floor is a surface layer which is part of a building and used for walking. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 To be more precise, a subfloor and a floor covering may be specified. Please request these classes and propose definitions if they are needed. building floor A brick building floor is a building floor that is composed primarily of brick material or is built from bricks. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 brick floor brick building floor A wooden building floor is a building floor that is composed primarily of wood. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 wooden floor wooden parquet floor wooden building floor A concrete building floor is a building floor that is composed primarily of concrete ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 concrete floor cement building floor cement floor At times, this is called a cement floor, although that is probably not accurate. concrete building floor A sandy building floor is a building floor that is composed primarily of sand. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 sand floor sandy floor sandy building floor A glass building floor is a building floor which is composed primarily of glass. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 glass floor glass building floor A dung building floor is a building floor which is composed primarily of dried animal feces. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 dung floor dung building floor A stone building floor is a building floor that is composed primarily of rock. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 rock floor stone floor stone building floor A thatched exterior wall is an exterior wall that is composed primarily of thatch. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 thatch wall thatched wall thatch exterior wall thatched exterior wall A stone exterior wall is an exterior wall that is composed primarily of rock. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 stone wall stone exterior wall A straw exterior wall is an exterior wall that is composed primarily of straw. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 straw wall straw exterior wall A mud exterior wall is an exterior wall that is composed primarily of mud. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 mud wall mud exterior wall A solid, cylindrical object or column with its length greater than its diameter. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 This was created in response to a user request, but it is an odd class in that it specifies a shape rather than a particular material entity. It may, therefore, be deprecated when more meaningful or sensible alternatives become apparent. pole A solid, cylindrical object or column with its length greater than its diameter. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pole A pole-reinforced mud exterior wall is a mud exterior wall which is supported and reinforced by poles. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 mud and poles wall mud and poles exterior wall pole-reinforced mud exterior wall A brick exterior wall is an exterior wall that is built from bricks. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 brick wall brick exterior wall A burnt brick is a brick which has been dried at an elvated temperature in a kiln, furnace, or with similar technology . ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 burnt brick An unburnt brick is a brick which has been air dried rather than dried at an elvated temperature in a kiln, furnace, or with similar technology . ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 unburnt brick A burnt brick exterior wall is an exterior wall that is built from burnt bricks. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 burnt-brick wall burnt brick exterior wall burnt-brick exterior wall An unburnt brick exterior wall is an exterior wall that is built from unburnt bricks. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 brick wall unburnt brick exterior wall unburnt-brick exterior wall A dome-shaped mass of salt formed when a thick bed of evaporite minerals (mainly salt, or halite) found at depth intrudes vertically into surrounding rock strata, forming a diapir. salt dome A dome-shaped mass of salt formed when a thick bed of evaporite minerals (mainly salt, or halite) found at depth intrudes vertically into surrounding rock strata, forming a diapir. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_dome A stone exterior wall is an exterior wall that is composed primarily of rock. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 concrete wall concrete exterior wall An iron sheet is a mass of iron which has been forged into a roughly planar form of less than 6 millimetres in thickness. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 iron sheet An iron sheet is a mass of iron which has been forged into a roughly planar form of less than 6 millimetres in thickness. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheet_metal salt material A sheet-iron exterior wall is an exterior wall that is built from sheets of iron. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 sheet iron wall sheet-iron wall iron sheet wall sheet-iron exterior wall A sheet-iron building roof is a building roof that is built from sheets of iron. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 sheet iron roof sheet-iron roof iron sheet building roof sheet-iron building roof A thatched building roof is a building roof that is built by thatching (or out of thatch). ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 thatch roof thatched roof thatched building roof A wooden building roof is a building roof that is built from wood. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 wood roof wooden roof wooden building roof An asbestos building roof is a building roof that is built from asbestos. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 asbestos roof asbestos exists in CHEBI and will be imported to complete this class' logical def. asbestos building roof A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing material such as ceramic, stone, metal, or even glass, generally used for covering roofs, floors, walls, showers, or other objects such as tabletops. Alternatively, tile can sometimes refer to similar units made from lightweight materials such as perlite, wood, and mineral wool, typically used for wall and ceiling applications. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 tile A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing material such as ceramic, stone, metal, or even glass, generally used for covering roofs, floors, walls, showers, or other objects such as tabletops. Alternatively, tile can sometimes refer to similar units made from lightweight materials such as perlite, wood, and mineral wool, typically used for wall and ceiling applications. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tile A tile building roof is a building roof that is built using tiles. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 tile roof tiled roof tile building roof tiled building roof A fixture which is used primarily for the collection and, in some cases, disposal of human urine and feces. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 toilet "disposal" may not be the most precise way to describe fill-in latrines. Note that no assertion is made on whether these fixtures are in- or outdoors. toilet fixture A fixture which is used primarily for the collection and, in some cases, disposal of human urine and feces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toilet A pit latrine is a latrine which is constructed by digging a hole in the ground. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 pit toilet This class refers to human latrines. Note that some pit latrines can use pour-flush mechanisms. "Infectious diarrhea resulted in about 0.7 million deaths in children under five years old in 2011 and 250 million lost school days.[4][5] Pit latrines are the lowest cost method of separating feces from people.[3]" - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_latrine pit latrine A pit latrine is a latrine which is constructed by digging a hole in the ground. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_latrine A diapir is a type of geologic intrusion in which a more mobile and ductily deformable material is forced into brittle overlying rocks due to its higher buoyancy. Unclear whether this should be a subclass of intrusion, as diapirism can actually cause fracturing. diapir A latrine is a toilet which is of simple construction (relative to a flush or chemical toilet) and typically intended for communal use. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 This class refers to human latrines. latrine A latrine is a toilet which is of simple construction (relative to a flush or chemical toilet) and typically intended for communal use. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latrine A latrine slab is a broad, flat, thick piece of solid material (typically stone or concrete) used as the floor of a latrine and which includes a hole through which excreta are deposited into a latrine pit. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 This could be moved to "surface layer" like other floors, although more thought has to be given to "floor": a role of a surface layer? "The hole in the slab should not be larger than 25 centimeters (9.8 inches) to prevent children falling in." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_latrine latrine slab A latrine slab is a broad, flat, thick piece of solid material (typically stone or concrete) used as the floor of a latrine and which includes a hole through which excreta are deposited into a latrine pit. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_latrine A batholith is an area of mostly continuous plutonic (igneous intrusive) rock that covers an area larger than 100 square kilometers, formed in the planetary crust, and exposed by erosion. On Earth, Batholiths are almost always made mostly of felsic or intermediate rock-types, such as granite, quartz monzonite, or diorite. The form of erosion should be further specified. batholith A batholith is an area of mostly continuous plutonic (igneous intrusive) rock that covers an area larger than 100 square kilometers, formed in the planetary crust, and exposed by erosion. On Earth, Batholiths are almost always made mostly of felsic or intermediate rock-types, such as granite, quartz monzonite, or diorite. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batholith A latrine pit is an artificial hole or cavity in the ground used to collect human excreta. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A latrine pit is typically at least 3 metres (10 feet) deep and 1 metre (3.2 feet) across. latrine pit A latrine pit is an artificial hole or cavity in the ground used to collect human excreta. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_latrine A pit latrine with a slab floor is a pit latrine which has a latrine slab as a floor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 pit toilet This class refers to human latrines. "Infectious diarrhea resulted in about 0.7 million deaths in children under five years old in 2011 and 250 million lost school days.[4][5] Pit latrines are the lowest cost method of separating feces from people.[3]" - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_latrine pit latrine with slab floor A pit latrine with a slab floor is a pit latrine which has a latrine slab as a floor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_latrine An outhouse is a small structure, separate from a main building, which covers a pit latrine or a dry toilet. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 earth closet latrine covering latrine shelter dunny privy "Outside North America, the term "outhouse" refers not to a toilet but to outbuildings in a general sense." outhouse An outhouse is a small structure, separate from a main building, which covers a pit latrine or a dry toilet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outhouse "Outside North America, the term "outhouse" refers not to a toilet but to outbuildings in a general sense." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outhouse An intrusion is a mass of rock which has been formed within a pre-existing fracture in a larger mass of rock. While some intrusions are still located in the fracture where they formed, others may be (partially) exposed by erosional processes. intrusion Subclasses of this class will be created by inference. sedimentary intrusion A toilet fixture which uses water to flush liquid and solid excreta into a sewage containment or processing facility through a drainpipe. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 flush toilet toilet bog comfort room dunny head john lavatory loo pot the heads water closet flush toilet fixture A toilet fixture which uses water to flush liquid and solid excreta into a sewage containment or processing facility through a drainpipe. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toilet A toilet fixture which uses little to no water; excreta is removed manually or composted in situ. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 dry toilet Subclasses will probably be filled in by inference. dry toilet fixture A toilet fixture which uses little to no water; excreta is removed manually or composted in situ. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toilet A chemical toilet fixture is a toilet fixture which uses chemicals to deodorise and treat excreta which is stored in the fixture. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 chemical toilet "In the past, disinfection was generally carried out by mixing formaldehyde, bleach or similar chemicals with the toilet water when flushed...[F]ormaldehyde is very irritating to the eyes, ears, skin, nose, and throat, it is being replaced by other proprietary blends such as glutaraldehyde and quaternary ammonium compounds, with non-staining dyes and nature-identical perfume oils. Additionally, enzyme hybrids are sometimes used." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_toilet chemical toilet fixture A chemical toilet fixture is a toilet fixture which uses chemicals to deodorise and treat excreta which is stored in the fixture. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_toilet A ventilated improved pit latrine is a pit latrine which includes a vent pipe fitted to the pit with a flyscreen covering the pipe's outlet. Air currents moving across the outlet of the vent pipe create a vaccum which draws odors out of the latrine's superstructure. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ventilated pit latrine VIP latrine ventilated improved pit latrine A ventilated improved pit latrine is a pit latrine which includes a vent pipe fitted to the pit with a flyscreen covering the pipe's outlet. Air currents moving across the outlet of the vent pipe create a vaccum which draws odors out of the latrine's superstructure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_latrine A covered latrine is a building which comprises a latrine sheltered by an outhouse. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 covered latrine A covered latrine is a building which comprises a latrine sheltered by an outhouse. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latrine A covered pit latrine is a building which comprises a pit latrine sheltered by an outhouse. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 covered pit latrine A covered pit latrine is a building which comprises a pit latrine sheltered by an outhouse. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latrine A covered pit latrine with slab is a building which comprises a pit latrine with a slab floor sheltered by an outhouse. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 covered pit latrine with slab floor A covered pit latrine with slab is a building which comprises a pit latrine with a slab floor sheltered by an outhouse. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latrine A flush toilet fixture into which water is manually poured to dispose of excreta. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 flush toilet toilet pour flush toilet fixture bog comfort room dunny head john lavatory loo pot the heads water closet pour-flush toilet fixture A flush toilet fixture into which water is manually poured to dispose of excreta. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toilet A pit latrine which includes a water seal (U-trap or siphon) used over one or two offset pits instead of a plain hole or seat. Water is manually poured through the trap to flush excreta into the latrine pit. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 toilet pour-flush toilet fixture bog dunny head pour-flush pit latrine A pit latrine which includes a water seal (U-trap or siphon) used over one or two offset pits instead of a plain hole or seat. Water is manually poured through the trap to flush excreta into the latrine pit. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_latrine A factory (previously manufactory) or manufacturing plant is an industrial site, usually consisting of buildings and machinery, or more commonly a complex having several buildings, where workers manufacture goods or operate machines processing one product into another. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 manufactory manufacturing plant factory A factory (previously manufactory) or manufacturing plant is an industrial site, usually consisting of buildings and machinery, or more commonly a complex having several buildings, where workers manufacture goods or operate machines processing one product into another. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factory Atmospheric ozone is an environmental material primarily composed of ozone in its gaseous form and present in an atmosphere. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 atmospheric ozone atmospheric ozone atmospheric ozone http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/632 The layer of the atmosphere which is sandwiched between the troposphere and mesosphere. Of the energy that reaches the Earth from the sun, only 3% is absorbed in the stratosphere, but that includes the vitally important process of absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the stratospheric ozone layer. The stratosphere is cloudless and dust free, and almost unaffected by the turbulent conditions of the underlying level of the atmosphere. (Source: WRIGHT) ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Definition from GEMET - will be refined. stratosphere The layer of the atmosphere which is sandwiched between the troposphere and mesosphere. Of the energy that reaches the Earth from the sun, only 3% is absorbed in the stratosphere, but that includes the vitally important process of absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the stratospheric ozone layer. The stratosphere is cloudless and dust free, and almost unaffected by the turbulent conditions of the underlying level of the atmosphere. (Source: WRIGHT) GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/8128 The mesosphere is part of the earth's atmosphere which is between the stratosphere and the thermosphere in which temperature decreases with altitude to the atmosphere's absolute minimum ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 mesosphere The mesosphere is part of the earth's atmosphere which is between the stratosphere and the thermosphere in which temperature decreases with altitude to the atmosphere's absolute minimum http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mesosphere The lowest of the concentric layers of the atmosphere, occurring between the Earth's surface and the tropopause. It is the zone where atmospheric turbulence is at its greatest and where the bulk of the Earth's weather is generated. It contains almost all the water vapour and aerosols and three-quarters of the total gaseous mass of the atmosphere. Throughout the troposphere temperature decreases with height at a mean rate of 6.5°C/km and the whole zone is capped by either an inversion of temperature or an isothermal layer at the tropopause. (Source: WHIT) ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Definition from GEMET - will be refined. troposphere The lowest of the concentric layers of the atmosphere, occurring between the Earth's surface and the tropopause. It is the zone where atmospheric turbulence is at its greatest and where the bulk of the Earth's weather is generated. It contains almost all the water vapour and aerosols and three-quarters of the total gaseous mass of the atmosphere. Throughout the troposphere temperature decreases with height at a mean rate of 6.5°C/km and the whole zone is capped by either an inversion of temperature or an isothermal layer at the tropopause. (Source: WHIT) GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/8695 The thermosphere is a part of the earth's atmosphere that begins at about 50 miles (80 kilometers) above the earth's surface, extends to outer space, and is characterized by steadily increasing temperature with height thermosphere The thermosphere is a part of the earth's atmosphere that begins at about 50 miles (80 kilometers) above the earth's surface, extends to outer space, and is characterized by steadily increasing temperature with height http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thermosphere The ozone layer is a layer of gases in the stratosphere which contains high concentrations of ozone gas relative to other parts of the atmosphere. ozone shield ozone layer "The ozone layer contains less than 10 parts per million of ozone, while the average ozone concentration in Earth's atmosphere as a whole is only about 0.3 parts per million. The ozone layer is mainly found in the lower portion of the stratosphere, from approximately 20 to 30 kilometres (12 to 19 mi) above Earth, though the thickness varies seasonally and geographically"- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_layer ozone layer The ozone layer is a layer of gases in the stratosphere which contains high concentrations of ozone gas relative to other parts of the atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_layer ozone shield https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_layer ozone layer http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/5993 A layer that is part of the atmosphere. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 atmospheric layering envoPolar This could be made into an inferred class, rather than having asserted subclasses. atmospheric layer atmospheric layering GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/627 A boundary layer is a layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface where the effects of viscosity are significant enough to distort the surrounding non-viscous flow. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 boundary layer boundary layer A boundary layer is a layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface where the effects of viscosity are significant enough to distort the surrounding non-viscous flow. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_layer boundary layer http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/976 The ionosphere is a layer of the Earth's atmosphere which extends from about 60 to 1,000 kilometers above the planetary surface and is ionised by solar radiation. It includes the thermosphere and parts of the mesosphere and exosphere. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ionosphere ionosphere The ionosphere is a layer of the Earth's atmosphere which extends from about 60 to 1,000 kilometers above the planetary surface and is ionised by solar radiation. It includes the thermosphere and parts of the mesosphere and exosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionosphere ionosphere GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/4492 The exosphere is an atmospheric layer where molecules are gravitationally bound to a planetary body, but where their density is too low for them to behave as a gas by colliding with each other. In the case of bodies with substantial atmospheres, such as Earth's atmosphere, the exosphere is the uppermost layer, where the atmosphere thins out and merges with interplanetary space. It is located directly above the thermosphere. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 exosphere The exosphere is an atmospheric layer where molecules are gravitationally bound to a planetary body, but where their density is too low for them to behave as a gas by colliding with each other. In the case of bodies with substantial atmospheres, such as Earth's atmosphere, the exosphere is the uppermost layer, where the atmosphere thins out and merges with interplanetary space. It is located directly above the thermosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere A glaze ice layer is a smooth, transparent and homogeneous ice layer which coats some surface and which is formed when freezing rain or drizzle hits that surface. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 glaze glaze glaze ice glaze ice layer A glaze ice layer is a smooth, transparent and homogeneous ice layer which coats some surface and which is formed when freezing rain or drizzle hits that surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaze_ice glaze ice http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/12091 A lake which has nutrient-rich water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 eutrophic lake mass of biological material A composting toilet fixture is a dry toilet fixture in which managed, aerobic decomposition converts human excreta into organic matter suitable for the fertilisation or amendment of soils. composting toilet A composting toilet fixture is a dry toilet fixture in which managed, aerobic decomposition converts human excreta into organic matter suitable for the fertilisation or amendment of soils. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composting_toilet Paraffin is a thin, clear liquid composed of hydrocarbons that typically contain between 6 and 16 carbon atoms per molecule. Paraffin is obtained from the fractional distillation of petroleum between 150 and 275 degrees Celsius, resulting in a mixture with a density of 0.78–0.81 grams per cubic centimetre. It is miscible in petroleum solvents but immiscible in water. Regardless of crude oil source or processing history, kerosene's major components are branched and straight chain alkanes and naphthenes (cycloalkanes), which normally account for at least 70% by volume. Aromatic hydrocarbons in this boiling range, such as alkylbenzenes (single ring) and alkylnaphthalenes (double ring), do not normally exceed 25% by volume of kerosene streams. Olefins are usually not present at more than 5% by volume. kerosene kerosine paraffin Paraffin is a thin, clear liquid composed of hydrocarbons that typically contain between 6 and 16 carbon atoms per molecule. Paraffin is obtained from the fractional distillation of petroleum between 150 and 275 degrees Celsius, resulting in a mixture with a density of 0.78–0.81 grams per cubic centimetre. It is miscible in petroleum solvents but immiscible in water. Regardless of crude oil source or processing history, kerosene's major components are branched and straight chain alkanes and naphthenes (cycloalkanes), which normally account for at least 70% by volume. Aromatic hydrocarbons in this boiling range, such as alkylbenzenes (single ring) and alkylnaphthalenes (double ring), do not normally exceed 25% by volume of kerosene streams. Olefins are usually not present at more than 5% by volume. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene Natural gas is a hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly includes varying amounts of other higher alkanes and sometimes a usually lesser percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and/or hydrogen sulfide. Natural gas is a fossil fuel formed when layers of buried plants and gases are exposed to intense heat and pressure over thousands of years. natural gas Natural gas is a hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly includes varying amounts of other higher alkanes and sometimes a usually lesser percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and/or hydrogen sulfide. Natural gas is a fossil fuel formed when layers of buried plants and gases are exposed to intense heat and pressure over thousands of years. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gas Liquified petroleum gas or liquid petroleum gas (LPG or LP gas), also referred to as simply propane or butane, are flammable mixtures of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles. LP gas LPG liquid petroleum gas liquified natural gas liquefied petroleum gas Liquified petroleum gas or liquid petroleum gas (LPG or LP gas), also referred to as simply propane or butane, are flammable mixtures of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefied_petroleum_gas A gas that is primarily composed of hydrocarbon molecules. envoPolar hydrocarbon gas Compressed natural gas is a natural gas stored at high pressures, typically 20–25 Megapascals. compressed natural gas Compressed natural gas is a natural gas stored at high pressures, typically 20–25 Megapascals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas Biogas is a mixture of different gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen, is primarily composed of methane and carbon dioxide, and may have small amounts of hydrogen sulfide, water, and siloxanes. This is distinct from natural gas which is a fossil fuel product. biogas Biogas is a mixture of different gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen, is primarily composed of methane and carbon dioxide, and may have small amounts of hydrogen sulfide, water, and siloxanes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas (predominantly methane, CH4) that has been converted to liquid form for ease of storage or transport. It takes up about 1/600th the volume of natural gas in the gaseous state. It is odorless, colorless, non-toxic and non-corrosive. LNG achieves a higher reduction in volume than compressed natural gas (CNG) so that the (volumetric) energy density of LNG is 2.4 times greater than that of CNG or 60 percent of that of diesel fuel. LNG liquified natural gas liquefied natural gas Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas (predominantly methane, CH4) that has been converted to liquid form for ease of storage or transport. It takes up about 1/600th the volume of natural gas in the gaseous state. It is odorless, colorless, non-toxic and non-corrosive. LNG achieves a higher reduction in volume than compressed natural gas (CNG) so that the (volumetric) energy density of LNG is 2.4 times greater than that of CNG or 60 percent of that of diesel fuel. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gas envoPolar liquefied hydrocarbon gas Compressed biogas is biogas stored at increased pressures. This is distinct from compressed natural gas, which refers to the compressed form of a fossil fuel. compressed biogas Charcoal is a light, black residue, consisting of carbon and any remaining ash, obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal and vegetation substances. Charcoal is usually produced by slow pyrolysis, the heating of wood or other substances in the absence of oxygen. charcoal Charcoal is a light, black residue, consisting of carbon and any remaining ash, obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal and vegetation substances. Charcoal is usually produced by slow pyrolysis, the heating of wood or other substances in the absence of oxygen. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcoal A paraffin lamp is a type of lighting device which burns paraffin to generate light and heat. kerosene lamp paraffin lamp A paraffin lamp is a type of lighting device which burns paraffin to generate light and heat. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_lantern A flat-wick lamp is a simple type of paraffin lamp, which burns paraffin drawn up through a wick by capillary action. flat wick lamp flat-wick lamp A flat-wick lamp is a simple type of paraffin lamp, which burns paraffin drawn up through a wick by capillary action. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_lantern A central-draught lamp is a paraffin lamp which burns a parrafin saturated, tubular wick contained between two structural tubes and supplied with oxygen by a central draught of air through the innermost of these tube. Argand lamp central draught lamp tubular round wick lamp central-draught lamp A central-draught lamp is a paraffin lamp which burns a parrafin saturated, tubular wick contained between two structural tubes and supplied with oxygen by a central draught of air through the innermost of these tube. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_lantern A mantle lamp is a central-draught lamp which includes a pear-shaped, fabric mesh containing thorium or other rare-earth salts placed over the burner. On first use the fabric burns away and the rare-earth salts are converted to oxides, leaving a very fragile structure which incandesces (glows brightly) upon exposure to the heat of the burner flame. mantle lamp A mantle lamp is a central-draught lamp which includes a pear-shaped, fabric mesh containing thorium or other rare-earth salts placed over the burner. On first use the fabric burns away and the rare-earth salts are converted to oxides, leaving a very fragile structure which incandesces (glows brightly) upon exposure to the heat of the burner flame. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_lantern A lantern is a portable device or mounted fixture comprising a light source protected by a translucent case. lantern A lantern is a portable device or mounted fixture comprising a light source protected by a translucent case. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantern A lamp is an object which generates heat, light, or any other form of radiation. lamp A lamp is an object which generates heat, light, or any other form of radiation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamp A paraffin lantern is a lantern which houses a parrafin lamp in a structure of soldered or crimped-together sheet metal stampings and glass or other translucent material. barn lantern hurricane lantern kerosene lantern paraffin lantern A paraffin lantern is a lantern which houses a parrafin lamp in a structure of soldered or crimped-together sheet metal stampings and glass or other translucent material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_lantern A tubular paraffin lantern is a paraffin lantern which includes metal tubes in its casing that direct air to the burning wick. tubular paraffin lantern A tubular paraffin lantern is a paraffin lantern which includes metal tubes in its casing that direct air to the burning wick. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_lantern A dead-flame paraffin lantern is a paraffin lantern which has a wick housed in a glass globe with airflow channelled upwards by vents below the burning wick and an open chimney above it. glass globe lantern dead flame paraffin lantern A dead-flame paraffin lantern is a paraffin lantern which has a wick housed in a glass globe with airflow channelled upwards by vents below the burning wick and an open chimney above it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_lantern A hot-blast paraffin lantern is a tubular paraffin lantern which collects hot air from the top of the lantern globe and circulates it, through metal tubes, to the burning wick. hot-blast paraffin lantern A hot-blast paraffin lantern is a tubular paraffin lantern which collects hot air from the top of the lantern globe and circulates it, through metal tubes, to the burning wick. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_lantern A cold-blast paraffin lantern is a tubular paraffin lantern which collects cool air from around the top of the lantern globe and circulates it, through metal tubes, to the burning wick. cold-blast paraffin lantern A cold-blast paraffin lantern is a tubular paraffin lantern which collects cool air from around the top of the lantern globe and circulates it, through metal tubes, to the burning wick. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_lantern An electric lamp is a lamp which produces light from electricity. electric lamp A battery-powered electric lamp is an electric lamp which draws its power from a device composed of two or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. battery-powered electric lamp A battery-powered electric lamp is an electric lamp which draws its power from a device composed of two or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamp_(electrical_component) A candle is a lamp composed of a wax within which an ignitable wick is embedded. candle A wax is an environmental material which is primarily composed of lipids or other organic compounds that consist of long alkyl chains. Waxes are are malleable near ambient temperatures and melt at approximately 45 degrees Celsius. wax A wax is an environmental material which is primarily composed of lipids or other organic compounds that consist of long alkyl chains. Waxes are are malleable near ambient temperatures and melt at approximately 45 degrees Celsius. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wax An apiary is a place where beehives of honey bees are kept and maintained by beekeepers. apiary An apiary is a place where beehives of honey bees are kept and maintained by beekeepers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apiary A device capable of receiving and/or transmitting information encoded in electromagnetic radiation through wave modulation. radio radio receiver radio transmitter radio device A device capable of receiving and/or transmitting information encoded in electromagnetic radiation through wave modulation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio A cassette deck is a device capable of playing and recording audio compact cassettes. cassette deck cassette recorder cassette player A cassette deck is a device capable of playing and recording audio compact cassettes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_Cassette A television set is a device that combines a tuner, display, and loudspeakers for the purpose of converting digital or analog information signals into moving images and sound. television TV telly tube television set A television set is a device that combines a tuner, display, and loudspeakers for the purpose of converting digital or analog information signals into moving images and sound. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_set A telephone is a telecommunications device which converts sound into electronic signals suitable for transmission via cables or other transmission media, and reconverts such signals into sound waves. phone telephone A telephone is a telecommunications device which converts sound into electronic signals suitable for transmission via cables or other transmission media, and reconverts such signals into sound waves. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone A mobile phone is a telephone which transmits sound information to a mobile phone network via radio transmissions. cell phone cellular phone hand phone mobile phone A mobile phone is a telephone which transmits sound information to a mobile phone network via radio transmissions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone A landline telephone is a telephone which is connected to a telephone network with wires through which electronic signals are carried. landline telephone A landline telephone is a telephone which is connected to a telephone network with wires through which electronic signals are carried. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone A refrigerator is a device which consists of a thermally insulated compartment and a mechanical, chemical, or electronic heat pump that transfers heat from the inside of the fridge to its external environment such that the inside of the fridge is cooled to a temperature below the ambient temperature of the room fridge refrigerator A refrigerator is a device which consists of a thermally insulated compartment and a mechanical, chemical, or electronic heat pump that transfers heat from the inside of the fridge to its external environment such that the inside of the fridge is cooled to a temperature below the ambient temperature of the room https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrigerator A table is a form of furniture with a flat horizontal upper surface used to support objects, for storage, show, and/or manipulation. table A table is a form of furniture with a flat horizontal upper surface used to support objects, for storage, show, and/or manipulation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_(furniture) A desk is a table which is intended for information-manipulation tasks, including writing and use of interactive electronics. The intentional nature of this definition is problematic, but the restricted range of activities visited upon a desk is of interest. desk A desk is a table which is intended for information-manipulation tasks, including writing and use of interactive electronics. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_(furniture) A chair is a piece of furniture with a raised surface commonly used to seat a single person. This class, along with benches, stools, and the like, can be grouped under "seating furniture" or similar. However, this is probably better as an inferred class using some sort of BFO:function in the subclass annotation. chair A piece of furniture is a movable object intended to support various human activities such as seating (e.g., chairs, stools and sofas) and sleeping (e.g., beds). The assumption is that furniture is manufactured, which is arguable. Further, according to Black's Law Dictionary (http://thelawdictionary.org/furniture/) many classes can be subclasses of 'piece of furntiure': "This term includes that which furnishes, or with which anything is furnished or supplied; whatever must be supplied to a house, a room, or the like, to make it habitable, convenient, or agreeable; goods, vessels, utensils, and other appendages necessary or convenient for housekeeping; whatever is added to the interior of a house or apartment, for use or convenience. Bell v. Holding, 27 Ind. 173.The term “furniture” embraces everything about the house that has been usually enjoyed there, including plate, linen, china, and pictures. 1 Endicott v. Endicott, 41N. J. Eq. 96, 3 Atl. 157.The word “furniture” made use of in the disposition of the law. or in the conventions or acts of persons, comprehends only such furniture as is intended for use and ornament of apartments, but not libraries which happen to be there, nor plate. Civ.Code La. art. 477." However, this would eventually be absurd and limit other groupings. Perhaps some sort of 'furnishing' BFO:function would be a better way to handle this. piece of furniture A piece of furniture is a movable object intended to support various human activities such as seating (e.g., chairs, stools and sofas) and sleeping (e.g., beds). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furniture A sofa is a bench which is partially or entirely upholstered, and often fitted with springs and tailored cushions. couch settee sofa A sofa is a bench which is partially or entirely upholstered, and often fitted with springs and tailored cushions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couch A bench is a piece of furniture, on which several people may sit at the same time. bench A bench is a piece of furniture, on which several people may sit at the same time. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bench A mattress is a mass of material which is able to cushion and support a reclining body and is used as or on a bed. mattress A mattress is a mass of material which is able to cushion and support a reclining body and is used as or on a bed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mattress A bed frame is a piece of furniture which is used to position a mattress and bed base and may include a means of supporting a canopy. bedstead bed frame A bed frame is a piece of furniture which is used to position a mattress and bed base and may include a means of supporting a canopy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bed_frame A bed base is a piece of furniture which supports a mattress. bed foundation bed base A framed bed is a piece of furniture which is composed of a mattress supported by a bed base and held in place by a bed frame. framed bed A framed bed is a piece of furniture which is composed of a mattress supported by a bed base and held in place by a bed frame. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bed A cabinet is a roughly cuboidal piece of furniture which is used to store miscellaneous items in compartments accessible through doors or drawers. cabinet A cabinet is a roughly cuboidal piece of furniture which is used to store miscellaneous items in compartments accessible through doors or drawers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinetry A cupboard is a cabinet which is used indoors to store household objects such as food, crockery, textiles and liquor, and to protect them from dust and dirt closet cupboard A cupboard is a cabinet which is used indoors to store household objects such as food, crockery, textiles and liquor, and to protect them from dust and dirt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupboard A clock is an instrument which may indicate, keep, and/or co-ordinate time. timepiece clock A clock is an instrument which may indicate, keep, and/or co-ordinate time. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock A pressure lamp is a portable paraffin or oil lamp in which fuel is forced up into the mantle or burner by air pressure in the reservoir, which can be increased by pumping with a plunger. This may be a paraffin or an oil lamp. It can potentially be filled by inference if we can express that any lamp with pressurised fuel in the lamp reservoir is a pressure lamp. See Issue #228. pressure lamp A spring which emits fresh water. freshwater spring river water Rainwater is liquid water which has precipitated in the form of droplets through the condensation of atmospheric water vapour. rainwater Rainwater is liquid water which has precipitated in the form of droplets through the condensation of atmospheric water vapour. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain A motor vehicle is a vehicle which is propelled by an engine or motor and that does not operate on rails. Subclasses will be added by inference. motor vehicle A motor vehicle is a vehicle which is propelled by an engine or motor and that does not operate on rails. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_vehicle A truck is a motor vehicle which, as its primary funcion, transports cargo rather than human passangers. lorry truck A truck is a motor vehicle which, as its primary funcion, transports cargo rather than human passangers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truck A water truck is a truck which transports water. water truck A vehicle is a mobile machine which transports people or cargo. vehicle A vehicle is a mobile machine which transports people or cargo. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle A car is a wheeled motor vehicle used primarily for the transportation of human passengers. Most definitions of the term specify that cars are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods. car A car is a wheeled motor vehicle used primarily for the transportation of human passengers. Most definitions of the term specify that cars are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car A cart is a vehicle which has two wheels and is designed to transport human passengers or cargo. NB: "[A cart]...is different from a dray or wagon, which is a heavy transport vehicle with four wheels and typically two or more horses, or a carriage, which is used exclusively for transporting humans...Over time, the term "cart" has come to mean nearly any small conveyance, from shopping carts to golf carts, without regard to number of wheels, load carried, or means of propulsion." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cart cart A cart is a vehicle which has two wheels and is designed to transport human passengers or cargo. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cart An animal-drawn cart is a cart which is attached to one or more working or draught animals. animal-drawn cart An animal-drawn cart is a cart which is attached to one or more working or draught animals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cart A boat is a watercraft of any size which is able to float or plane on water. Difficult to distinguish from "ships". Similar to mountains and hills. " In naval terms, a boat is a vessel small enough to be carried aboard another vessel (a ship). Another less restrictive definition is a vessel that can be lifted out of the water. Some definitions do not make a distinction in size, as bulk freighters 1,000 feet (300 m) long on the Great Lakes are called oreboats. For reasons of naval tradition, submarines are usually referred to as 'boats' rather than 'ships', regardless of their size and shape." - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boat boat A motor boat is a boat which is propelled by a motor. motorised boat motorized boat motor boat A motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy. engine motor A motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor A bus is a road vehicle designed to carry many passengers. bus A bus is a road vehicle designed to carry many passengers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus A taxicab is a car which may be hired, along with its operator, to transport passengers between locations of their choosing. cab taxi Depth can be added with specifications of BFO:role for both the car and the human operator. taxicab A taxicab is a car which may be hired, along with its operator, to transport passengers between locations of their choosing. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxicab A watercraft is a vehicle which is able to travel on or through water. Ships, boats, hovercraft and submarines are all considered watercraft. The term would normally imply some propulsive capability (whether by sail, oar or engine) and hence is distinct from a simple device that merely floats, such as a log raft. - Wikipedia watercraft A watercraft is a vehicle which is able to travel on or through water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watercraft A bicycle is a human-powered, pedal-driven, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. bike cycle bicycle A bicycle is a human-powered, pedal-driven, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle A motorcycle is a two- or three-wheeled motor vehicle. bike cycle moto motorbike motorcycle A motorcycle is a two- or three-wheeled motor vehicle. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle A scooter or motor scooter is a motorcycle with step-through frame and a platform for the rider's feet. scooter motor scooter motorscooter A scooter or motor scooter is a motorcycle with step-through frame and a platform for the rider's feet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scooter_(motorcycle) A lentic water body is a water body in which the accumulated water, in its totality, has very little to no directed flow. lentic water body A lotic water body is a water body in which the accumulated water, in its totality, is flowing. lotic water body A closed ecological system is a vivarium which does not rely on matter exchange with any part outside the system. This class refers to strictly sealed enclosures such as Biosphere 2 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere_2), rather than vivaria which allow matter exchange with external environmental systems. closed ecological system A closed ecological system is a vivarium which does not rely on matter exchange with any part outside the system. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed_ecological_system A mesocosm is a vivarium that is embedded within a natural environment and is used to place a relatively small part of that environment under experimental control for the purposes of scientific investigation. mesocosm A mesocosm is a vivarium that is embedded within a natural environment and is used to place a relatively small part of that environment under experimental control for the purposes of scientific investigation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesocosm A microcosm is a vivarium within which a simple ecosystem is artificially established and used to simulate and predict the behaviour of natural ecosystems under controlled conditions. microcosm A microcosm is a vivarium within which a simple ecosystem is artificially established and used to simulate and predict the behaviour of natural ecosystems under controlled conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcosm Vaporisation of an element or compound is process whereby that element or compound undergoes a phase transition from the liquid to vapor. vaporization Note that a vapor describes an element or compound in the gas phase at a temperature lower than its critical point, vaporisation Boiling is a form of vaporisation which occurs when a liquid is heated to a temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the pressure exerted on the liquid by the surrounding environmental pressure. boiling Boiling is a form of vaporisation which occurs when a liquid is heated to a temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the pressure exerted on the liquid by the surrounding environmental pressure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling Hydrological condensation is a process in which atmospheric water vapour undergoes a phase transition from the gas phase to the liquid phase. condensation envoPolar "process" is included in the label to make it clear that we are not referring to the condensed material (e.g. water droplets, window fog) hydrological condensation process Hydrological condensation is a process in which atmospheric water vapour undergoes a phase transition from the gas phase to the liquid phase. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation A manufactured structure made of interspaced structural elements such as metal or wooden bars or wires held together such that they may be used to confine, contain, or protect something. cage manufactured cage A manufactured structure made of interspaced structural elements such as metal or wooden bars or wires held together such that they may be used to confine, contain, or protect something. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cage_(enclosure) A drylot is an enclosure of limited size usually bare of vegetation and used for fattening livestock. drylot A drylot is an enclosure of limited size usually bare of vegetation and used for fattening livestock. URL:http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/drylot A feedlot is a plot of land on which livestock are fattened for market feedlot A feedlot is a plot of land on which livestock are fattened for market URL:http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/feedlot Leaf litter is dead plant material, such as leaves, bark, needles, and twigs, that has fallen to the ground. duff leaf litter litterfall soil litter tree litter plant litter Leaf litter is dead plant material, such as leaves, bark, needles, and twigs, that has fallen to the ground. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_litter The long-term fluctuations in temperature, precipitation, wind, and all other aspects of the Earth's climate. External processes, such as solar-irradiance variations, variations of the Earth's orbital parameters (eccentricity, precession, and inclination), lithosphere motions, and volcanic activity, are factors in climatic variation. Internal variations of the climate system, e.g., changes in the abundance of greenhouse gases, also may produce fluctuations of sufficient magnitude and variability to explain observed climate change through the feedback processes interrelating the components of the climate system. envoPolar Definition vebatim from GEMET. Will need to be refined. Further, distinction between "climate change" and (one or many) "climate change process" will need to be discussed. Fluctuations are not processes, per se. climate change The long-term fluctuations in temperature, precipitation, wind, and all other aspects of the Earth's climate. External processes, such as solar-irradiance variations, variations of the Earth's orbital parameters (eccentricity, precession, and inclination), lithosphere motions, and volcanic activity, are factors in climatic variation. Internal variations of the climate system, e.g., changes in the abundance of greenhouse gases, also may produce fluctuations of sufficient magnitude and variability to explain observed climate change through the feedback processes interrelating the components of the climate system. GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/1471 Acidification of an aquatic environment is a process whereby the pH of an aquatic environment, biome, or water body is lowered. acidification of an aquatic environment Ocean acidification is a process whereby the pH of a sea or ocean is lowered. envoPolar On Earth, the major cause of ocean acidification is the update of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. ocean acidification A chonolith is an igneous rock intrusion of irregular shape with a demonstrable base, absent in other types of irregularly-shaped intrusions. chonolith A chonolith is an igneous rock intrusion of irregular shape with a demonstrable base, absent in other types of irregularly-shaped intrusions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chonolith A process which consists of all aerobic respiration processes instantiated in an ecosystem. See issue #275 envoPolar ecosystem-wide aerobic respiration A volcanic process is a process during which lava, tephra (ash, lapilli, volcanic bombs and blocks), and assorted gases are expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure. environmental_hazards volcanic eruption A volcanic process is a process during which lava, tephra (ash, lapilli, volcanic bombs and blocks), and assorted gases are expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions Land is a planetary surface that is not covered by liquid. ground Land may more properly be represented as part of a planetary surface rather than a sublcass. land Land is a planetary surface that is not covered by liquid. Adpated from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface A liquid planetary surface is a planetary surface layer where a liquid material of a planet comes into contact with atmosphere or outer space. liquid planetary surface A liquid planetary surface is a planetary surface layer where a liquid material of a planet comes into contact with atmosphere or outer space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface Outer space is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays that exists between celestial bodies. space envoAstro outer space Outer space is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays that exists between celestial bodies. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_space A planetary crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or natural satellite, which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle. crust This class is meant to be applicable accross planets. Earth's crust would be an instance. planetary crust A planetary crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or natural satellite, which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_(geology) A planetary structural layer is laminar part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density. Planetary layers have differing physicochemical properties and composition. Label should be improved to match definition. planetary structural layer A planetary mantle is a planetary layer which is an interior part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density. mantle This class is meant to be applicable accross planets. Earth's mantle would be an instance. planetary mantle A planetary mantle is a planetary layer which is an interior part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_(geology) A planetary core is the innermost structural layer or layers of a planet. The core may be entirely liquid, entirely solid, or have both liquid and solid parts. core "Not to be confused with planetary core in the core accretion theory, referring to a central accretionary body surrounded by a halo of dust and gas which serves to trap debris and increase the rate of accretion.." WIkipedia:Planetary_core. This class is meant to be applicable accross planets. Earth's core would be an instance. The "layer" aspect of cores may be problematic. planetary core A planetary core is the innermost structural layer or layers of a planet. The core may be entirely liquid, entirely solid, or have both liquid and solid parts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_core Needs a general definition that holds for Earth as well as other planets. outer planetary core Needs a general definition that holds for Earth as well as other planets. inner planetary core A liquid planetary core is a planetary core which is primarily composed of liquid material. liquid planetary core A solid planetary core is a planetary core which is primarily composed of solid material. solid planetary core A lithosphere is the outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite that is defined by its rigid mechanical properties. Earth's lithosphere includes the crust and uppermost mantle. lithosphere A lithosphere is the outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite that is defined by its rigid mechanical properties. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithosphere An asthenosphere is a layer of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite which is highly viscous, mechanically weak, and ductilely deforming. envoPolar asthenosphere An asthenosphere is a layer of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite which is highly viscous, mechanically weak, and ductilely deforming. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthenosphere Magma is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles, and solids that is found beneath the uppermost solid layer of a planetary body. Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals, dissolved gas and sometimes gas bubbles. magma Magma is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles, and solids that is found beneath the uppermost solid layer of a planetary body. Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals, dissolved gas and sometimes gas bubbles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magma A trench is a type of excavation or depression in the ground that is generally deeper than it is wide (as opposed to a wider gully or ditch), and narrow compared to its length (as opposed to a simple hole). EcoLexicon:trench SWEETRealm:Trench trench A trench is a type of excavation or depression in the ground that is generally deeper than it is wide (as opposed to a wider gully or ditch), and narrow compared to its length (as opposed to a simple hole). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trench stream channel An ocean strait is a strait which connects two oceans. envoPolar ocean strait river channel A slum is a heavily populated urban informal settlement with substandard housing in which households lack any one of the following: access to improved water, access to improved sanitation, sufficient-living area, durability of housing, or security of tenure. slum A slum is a heavily populated urban informal settlement with substandard housing in which households lack any one of the following: access to improved water, access to improved sanitation, sufficient-living area, durability of housing, or security of tenure. URL:http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Metadata.aspx?IndicatorId=0&SeriesId=711 URL:http://www.communitascoalition.org/pdf/Communitas_SDSN_Indicators.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slum Definition linked to a UN Habitat report entitled "What are slums and why do they exist?" as well as sources from the MDGs and Communitas. An undersea trough is a trough which is below a marine water body. FTT:1022 FTT:611 Geonames:U.DEPU SWEETRealm:Trough TGN:21512 ENVO deep foredeep swale undersea trough An undersea trough is a trough which is below a marine water body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trough_%28geology%29 deep ADL:FTT deep Geonames:feature deep USGS:SDTS foredeep USGS:SDTS swale USGS:SDTS An explosive eruption is a volcanic process in which pressurised magma is violently expelled and froths into volcanic ash. Explosive eruptions can eject a cloud of rocks, dust, gas, and pyroclastic material which may then collapse, creating a pyroclastic flow of hot volcanic matter. environmental_hazards explosive eruption An explosive eruption is a volcanic process in which pressurised magma is violently expelled and froths into volcanic ash. Explosive eruptions can eject a cloud of rocks, dust, gas, and pyroclastic material which may then collapse, creating a pyroclastic flow of hot volcanic matter. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosive_eruption An effusive eruption is a volcanic eruption during which lava flows onto the ground. environmental_hazards effusive eruption An effusive eruption is a volcanic eruption during which lava flows onto the ground. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effusive_eruption A process whereby rising magma cools and solidifies without reaching the surface. Instead, the cooled and solidified igneous mass crystallises within the crust to form an igneous intrusion. igneous intrusion process A process whereby rising magma cools and solidifies without reaching the surface. Instead, the cooled and solidified igneous mass crystallises within the crust to form an igneous intrusion. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanism A settlement with a high density of buildings and inhabitants. See also: http://www.ecotope.org/anthromes/v1/guide/urban/12_dense_settlements/default.aspx The thresholds for what makes a settlment "dense" can be determined as needed. If there is a specific threshold that should be added to ENVO, please make a new class request. dense settlement An igneous intrusion is a mass of rock and minerals formed when magma cools, solidifies, and undergoes fractional crystallisation without reaching the surface. Subclasses of this class will be created by inference. "Intrusion" can refer to the solidified mass or the molten rock. igneous intrusion An igneous intrusion is a mass of rock and minerals formed when magma cools, solidifies, and undergoes fractional crystallisation without reaching the surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanism Tephra is fragmental material produced by a volcanic eruption regardless of composition, fragment size or emplacement mechanism. tephra Tephra is fragmental material produced by a volcanic eruption regardless of composition, fragment size or emplacement mechanism. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tephra Tuff is a type of rock made of volcanic ash ejected from a vent during a volcanic eruption. tuff Tuff is a type of rock made of volcanic ash ejected from a vent during a volcanic eruption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuff Scoria is a highly vesicular, dark colored volcanic rock that may or may not contain crystals. cinder Scoria differs from pumice in having larger vesicles, thicker vesicle walls and being dark colored and denser. scoria Scoria is a highly vesicular, dark colored volcanic rock that may or may not contain crystals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scoria Pumice is a volcanic rock that consists of highly vesicular rough textured volcanic glass, which may or may not contain crystals. Scoria differs from pumice in having larger vesicles, thicker vesicle walls and being dark colored and denser. pumice Pumice is a volcanic rock that consists of highly vesicular rough textured volcanic glass, which may or may not contain crystals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumice A cone that is composed of consolidated volcanic ash. tuff cone A role that is realized in some process wherein the bearer is discarded or not utilized further. This definition is preliminary. waste role An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of water in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. open water NLCD:11 envoPolar nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of open water generally have less than 25% cover of vegetation or soil. A specific threshold is not asserted in this definition. area of open water An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of water in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php A geological fracture is any separation in a geologic formation, such as a joint or a fault that divides a mass of rock into two or more pieces. fracture SWEETRealm:Fissure fissure geological fracture A geological fracture is any separation in a geologic formation, such as a joint or a fault that divides a mass of rock into two or more pieces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fracture_(geology) fissure Genomes:fissure A geological fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock, across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock mass movement. fault The relationship between faults and active plate boundaries must be further developed, as there is some overlap. geological fault An active fault is a fault that is likely to become the source of another earthquake sometime in the future. Geologists commonly consider faults to be active if there has been movement observed or evidence of seismic activity during the last 10,000 years. active fault environmental_hazards active geological fault A vein is a geological fracture which is filled with minerals precipitated out of an aqueous solution. vein A sheet of rock that formed in a fracture in a pre-existing rock body. dyke dike A sheet of rock that formed in a fracture in a pre-existing rock body. Adpated from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dike_(geology) A joint is a geological fracture which has no measureable shear displacement joint geological joint A geological fracture across which shear displacement has occurred Sounds like this should be populated by inference. shear fracture A microfracture is a small fracture which is found in a portion of solid material along which further fracturing tends to occur. Microfractures are considered imperfections which to pre-exist any fractures formed by the application of stress to a material. Griffith crack microfracture A vertical pillar defined by a unit area on a planetary surface and bounded by the top of the atmosphere that is used to quantify an atmospheric parameter such as pressure, ozone or precipitable water. This should be relocated under "fiat object part" of the BFO during next refactoring. Also, the "part of" relation to atomosphere should be updated to express that this is a fiat part of the atmosphere. envoPolar atmospheric column A vertical pillar defined by a unit area on a planetary surface and bounded by the top of the atmosphere that is used to quantify an atmospheric parameter such as pressure, ozone or precipitable water. https://mynasadata.larc.nasa.gov/glossary/atmospheric-column-2/ Contaminated air is air which has sufficient concentrations of environmental pollutants such that it may adversely affect a given ecosystem. contaminated air An earthquake is a process whereby part of the surface of a planet shakes due to the passage of seismic waves through rocks. Seismic waves are produced when some form of energy stored in a planet's crust is suddenly released. Elastic strain, gravity, chemical reactions, or even the motion of massive bodies can produce earthquakes. environmental_hazards earthquake An earthquake is a process whereby part of the surface of a planet shakes due to the passage of seismic waves through rocks. Seismic waves are produced when some form of energy stored in a planet's crust is suddenly released. Elastic strain, gravity, chemical reactions, or even the motion of massive bodies can produce earthquakes. Adapted from URL:http://www.britannica.com/science/earthquake-geology https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake A tectonic earthquake is an earthquake caused by the release of elastic strain. A tectonic earthquake occurs when strains in rock masses have accumulated to a point where the resulting stresses exceed the strength of the rocks, and sudden fracturing results. environmental_hazards tectonic earthquake A tectonic earthquake is an earthquake caused by the release of elastic strain. A tectonic earthquake occurs when strains in rock masses have accumulated to a point where the resulting stresses exceed the strength of the rocks, and sudden fracturing results. URL:http://www.britannica.com/science/earthquake-geology A megathrust earthquake is a tectonic earthquake which occurs at subduction zones at destructive plate boundaries (convergent boundaries). These interplate earthquakes are the planet's most powerful, with moment magnitudes that can exceed 9.0. environmental_hazards megathrust earthquake A megathrust earthquake is a tectonic earthquake which occurs at subduction zones at destructive plate boundaries (convergent boundaries). These interplate earthquakes are the planet's most powerful, with moment magnitudes that can exceed 9.0. Adapted from URL:http://www.britannica.com/science/earthquake-geology https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake A lake which has concentrations of environmental contaminants high enough to harm the ecosystems associated with it. environmental_hazards polluted lake A mineral material composed primarily of sodium chloride. This class is for material primarily composed of sodium chloride. For other pure chemical salts, consider a CHEBI class. Request new ENVO terms for environmental samples of other chemical salts. salt envoPolar sodium chloride salt A glacial abrasion process is an erosional process during which debris in the basal ice scrapes along the bed, polishing and gouging the underlying rocks, similar to sandpaper on wood. abrasion scouring glacial scouring envoPolar glacial abrasion A glacial abrasion process is an erosional process during which debris in the basal ice scrapes along the bed, polishing and gouging the underlying rocks, similar to sandpaper on wood. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion Glacial plucking is an erosional process during which pieces of bedrock are cracked off due to the mechanical force of a moving glacier. quarrying glacial quarrying envoPolar glacial plucking Glacial plucking is an erosional process during which pieces of bedrock are cracked off due to the mechanical force of a moving glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion Glacial ice thrusting is an erosional process during which a moving glacier which has frozen to its bed surges forward and moves large sheets of sediment frozen to the glacial mass. ice thrusting envoPolar glacial ice thrusting Glacial ice thrusting is an erosional process during which a moving glacier which has frozen to its bed surges forward and moves large sheets of sediment frozen to the glacial mass. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion A mass of water. water mass A mass of marine water. envoPolar marine water mass A coast is the area where land meets the sea, ocean, or lake. Used for both marine and lake coasts. The boundary of the coast is fuzzy and it overlaps both the water body and land in quesiton. Compared to 'shore' coast A coast is the area where land meets the sea, ocean, or lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast The general region of indefinite width that extends from a lake inland to the first major change in terrain features. Usually reserved for large lakes. lake coast The general region of indefinite width that extends from a lake inland to the first major change in terrain features. Adapted from USGS:SDTS A tsunami is a process during which a series of waves is generated in a water body, typically an ocean or large lake, by the displacement of a large volume of water. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. seismic sea wave tidal wave environmental_hazards tsunami A tsunami is a process during which a series of waves is generated in a water body, typically an ocean or large lake, by the displacement of a large volume of water. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami Mass wasting is the geomorphic process by which solid environmental material such as soil, sand, regolith, and/or rock move downslope typically as a mass, largely under the force of gravity, but frequently affected by water and water content as in submarine environments and mudslides. mass movement slope movement environmental_hazards envoPolar Of interest for future development: Some causes of mass wasting earthquakes, increased overburden from structures, increased soil moisture, reduction of roots holding the soil to bedrock, undercutting of the slope by excavation or erosion, weathering by frost heave, bioturbation, volcanic edifice over-steepening. Some processes that reduce mass wasting: Afforestation, Reforestation, Terracing steps on slopes (reduce angle of slope). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_wasting. mass wasting Mass wasting is the geomorphic process by which solid environmental material such as soil, sand, regolith, and/or rock move downslope typically as a mass, largely under the force of gravity, but frequently affected by water and water content as in submarine environments and mudslides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_wasting An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a sloping surface. snowslide snowslip environmental_hazards envoPolar avalanche An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a sloping surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_wasting A landslide is a process whereby a large mass of earth and rocks moves down a hill or a mountainside. GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/4668 landslip environmental_hazards landslide process A landslide is a process whereby a large mass of earth and rocks moves down a hill or a mountainside. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_wasting environmental_hazards rockfall A subsidence process is a geomorphologic process in which a surface shifts downward relative to a datum such as sea-level. subsidence environmental_hazards geological subsidence A subsidence process is a geomorphologic process in which a surface shifts downward relative to a datum such as sea-level. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidence environmental_hazards mudslide A mass wasting flow is a form of mass wasting during which the moving materials behave similarly to a flowing fluid. Water, air and ice are often involved in enabling fluidlike motion of the material. flow environmental_hazards envoPolar mass wasting flow A mass wasting flow is a form of mass wasting during which the moving materials behave similarly to a flowing fluid. Water, air and ice are often involved in enabling fluidlike motion of the material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_wasting A mudflow is a form of mass wasting which involves very rapid to extremely rapid surging flow of debris that has become partially or fully liquified by the addition of significant amounts of water to clay-rich source material. mud flow environmental_hazards "Mudflows are often called mudslides, a term applied indiscriminately by the mass media to a variety of mass wasting events. Mudflows often start as slides, becoming flows as water is entrained along the flow path; such events are often called flow slides." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudflow mudflow A mudflow is a form of mass wasting which involves very rapid to extremely rapid surging flow of debris that has become partially or fully liquified by the addition of significant amounts of water to clay-rich source material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudflow environmental_hazards debris flow A lahar is a type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris, and water. The material flows down from a volcano, typically along a river valley. environmental_hazards lahar A lahar is a type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris, and water. The material flows down from a volcano, typically along a river valley. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahar A sturzstrom is a landslide consisting which has a great amount of kinetic energy resulting in greater horizontal movement when compared to its initial vertical drop — as much as 20 or 30 times the vertical distance. By contrast a normal landslide will typically travel a horizontal distance that is less than twice the distance that the material has fallen. sturzstrom A sturzstrom is a landslide consisting which has a great amount of kinetic energy resulting in greater horizontal movement when compared to its initial vertical drop — as much as 20 or 30 times the vertical distance. By contrast a normal landslide will typically travel a horizontal distance that is less than twice the distance that the material has fallen. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturtzstrom Volcanic ash is an environmental material which consists of fragments of pulverized rock, minerals, and volcanic glass, created during volcanic eruptions and measuring less than 2 millimetres in diameter. Volcanic ash is formed during explosive volcanic eruptions, phreatomagmatic eruptions and during transport in pyroclastic density currents. volcanic ash Volcanic ash is an environmental material which consists of fragments of pulverized rock, minerals, and volcanic glass, created during volcanic eruptions and measuring less than 2 millimetres in diameter. Volcanic ash is formed during explosive volcanic eruptions, phreatomagmatic eruptions and during transport in pyroclastic density currents. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_ash An ash fall process is a process in which volcanic ash formed during an explosive volcanic eruption, phreatomagmatic eruption, or during material transport in pyroclastic density currents is pulled towards the planetary surface by gravity. environmental_hazards ash fall process An ash fall process is a process in which volcanic ash formed during an explosive volcanic eruption, phreatomagmatic eruption, or during material transport in pyroclastic density currents is pulled towards the planetary surface by gravity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_ash Hydrological precipitation is a process during which any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapour is pulled to the planetary surface by gravity. precipitation "process" is included in the label to make it clear that we are not referring to the precipitated material (e.g. snow, rain, sleet) hydrological precipitation process Hydrological precipitation is a process during which any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapour is pulled to the planetary surface by gravity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation Hydrological evaporation is the evaporation of water, generally as part of a planetary water cycle. hydrological evaporation Soil degradation is a process which results in a change in soil health status resulting in a diminished capacity of the ecosystem in which the soil occurs to provide goods and services for its beneficiaries. soil degradation Soil degradation is a process which results in a change in soil health status resulting in a diminished capacity of the ecosystem in which the soil occurs to provide goods and services for its beneficiaries. FAO:http://www.fao.org/soils-portal/soil-degradation-restoration/en/ Soil erosion is a process in which exogenic processes remove soil from one location on the Earth's crust and transport it to another location where it is deposited. envoPolar "Soil Erosion is a common term that is often confused with soil degradation as a whole, but in fact refers only to absolute soil losses in terms of topsoil and nutrients. This is indeed the most visible effect of soil degradation, but does not cover all of its aspects. Soil erosion is a natural process in mountainous areas, but is often made much worse by poor management practices." http://www.fao.org/soils-portal/soil-degradation-restoration/en/ soil erosion Coastal flooding is a process in which normally dry, low-lying land near a coast is flooded by sea water. environmental_hazards coastal flooding Coastal flooding is a process in which normally dry, low-lying land near a coast is flooded by sea water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_flood Riverine flooding is a process in which the flow rate of river water exceeds the capacity of its channel, thus flooding neighbouring land. Bends and meanders in a river channel are particularly disposed to such flooding. A disposition class such as 'flooding disposition' may be interesting, especially when attached to things like meanders and bends. environmental_hazards riverine flooding Riverine flooding is a process in which the flow rate of river water exceeds the capacity of its channel, thus flooding neighbouring land. Bends and meanders in a river channel are particularly disposed to such flooding. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood#Riverine Flash flooding is a process in which low-lying land is inundated with water for a short period of time and are usually the result of precipitation or a breach in the container of a water body. environmental_hazards Flash floods generally last no more than six hours. http://www.srh.noaa.gov/mrx/hydro/flooddef.php flash flooding Flash flooding is a process in which low-lying land is inundated with water for a short period of time and are usually the result of precipitation or a breach in the container of a water body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_flood An unusual accumulation of water above the ground caused by high tide, heavy rain, melting snow or rapid runoff from paved areas. environmental_hazards flood An unusual accumulation of water above the ground caused by high tide, heavy rain, melting snow or rapid runoff from paved areas. GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/3298 A coastal flood is a flood which is formed as a result of large amounts of water from marine water bodies or large lakes being transported to usually dry land by displacement processes such as high winds or seismic activity. environmental_hazards coastal flood A coastal flood is a flood which is formed as a result of large amounts of water from marine water bodies or large lakes being transported to usually dry land by displacement processes such as high winds or seismic activity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood#Estuarine_and_coastal A riverine flood is a flood which is formed as a result of a river's flow rate exceeding the capacity of its channel. environmental_hazards riverine flood A flash flood is a flood formed by the rapid flooding of geomorphic low-lying areas. It may be caused by heavy rain associated with a severe thunderstorm, hurricane, tropical storm, or meltwater from ice or snow flowing over ice sheets or snowfields. Flash floods may also occur after the collapse of a natural ice or debris dam, or a human structure such as a man-made dam. Flash floods are distinguished from a regular flood by a timescale of less than six hours. environmental_hazards flash flood A flash flood is a flood formed by the rapid flooding of geomorphic low-lying areas. It may be caused by heavy rain associated with a severe thunderstorm, hurricane, tropical storm, or meltwater from ice or snow flowing over ice sheets or snowfields. Flash floods may also occur after the collapse of a natural ice or debris dam, or a human structure such as a man-made dam. Flash floods are distinguished from a regular flood by a timescale of less than six hours. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_flood A storm surge is a coastal flood which is caused by low-pressure weather systems such as tropical cyclones and strong extratropical cyclones, the severity of which is affected by the shallowness and orientation of the water body relative to storm path, and the timing of tides. Needs links to weather when these phenomena are added. environmental_hazards storm surge A storm surge is a coastal flood which is caused by low-pressure weather systems such as tropical cyclones and strong extratropical cyclones, the severity of which is affected by the shallowness and orientation of the water body relative to storm path, and the timing of tides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm_surge A meteotsunami is a tsunami caused by atmospheric processes and differences in air pressure. Ambiguity as to whether this label refers to the process or the material entities (the waves). The material entities are a type of severe storm surge. rissaga environmental_hazards meteotsunami A meteotsunami is a tsunami caused by atmospheric processes and differences in air pressure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteotsunami rissaga Language: Catalan A storm surge process is a coastal flooding process which is caused by low pressure weather systems such as tropical cyclones and strong extratropical cyclones, the severity of which is affected by the shallowness and orientation of the water body relative to storm path, and the timing of tides. Should be linked to the relevant weather classes when these are created. environmental_hazards storm surge process A storm surge process is a coastal flooding process which is caused by low pressure weather systems such as tropical cyclones and strong extratropical cyclones, the severity of which is affected by the shallowness and orientation of the water body relative to storm path, and the timing of tides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm_surge Areal flooding is a flooding process in which flat or low-lying areas become inundated with water due to water input exceeding infiltration, evaporation, or run off. environmental_hazards areal flooding Areal flooding is a flooding process in which flat or low-lying areas become inundated with water due to water input exceeding infiltration, evaporation, or run off. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood#Areal Urban flooding is a flooding process in which land or property in a built environment, particularly in more densely populated areas, is inundated due to the rate of water input exceeding that of water drainage provided by the environment's drainage systems. Relevant to built environments and can be linked to urban flows. Also relevant to water and sanitation SDGs. environmental_hazards urban flooding Urban flooding is a flooding process in which land or property in a built environment, particularly in more densely populated areas, is inundated due to the rate of water input exceeding that of water drainage provided by the environment's drainage systems. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood#Urban_flooding Snowmelt is a hydrological process in which water is produced by the melting of snow and becomes part of the hydrological surface runoff. The assertion that the output is freshwater seems reasonable; however, this can certianly be changed if a counter example is provided. envoPolar snowmelt Snowmelt is a hydrological process in which water is produced by the melting of snow and becomes part of the hydrological surface runoff. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowmelt envoPolar hydrological melting process Icemelt is a hydrological process in which water is produced by the melting of ice and becomes part of the hydrological surface runoff. The assertion that the output is freshwater seems reasonable; however, this can certianly be changed if a counter example is provided. envoPolar icemelt Icemelt is a hydrological process in which water is produced by the melting of ice and becomes part of the hydrological surface runoff. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meltwater Meltwater is the water released by the melting of snow or ice, including glacial ice, tabular icebergs and ice shelves over oceans. meltwater Meltwater is the water released by the melting of snow or ice, including glacial ice, tabular icebergs and ice shelves over oceans. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meltwater Melting is a physical process that results in the phase transition of a substance from a solid to a liquid. could replace with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/REX_0000177 melting process fusion envoPolar melting Melting is a physical process that results in the phase transition of a substance from a solid to a liquid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting Condensation is a process during which a gas undergoes a phase transition into a liquid. condensation process Condensation is a process during which a gas undergoes a phase transition into a liquid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation Chemical precipitation is a process in which a portion of some solid substance segregates from a material in which that substance or its precursors were dissolved in and settles due to a force such as gravity or centrifugal force. Segregation may occur due to the solubility limits of the precipitating substance being exceeded or due to a chemical reaction that forms a solid product from aqueous reagents. chemical precipitation process Chemical precipitation is a process in which a portion of some solid substance segregates from a material in which that substance or its precursors were dissolved in and settles due to a force such as gravity or centrifugal force. Segregation may occur due to the solubility limits of the precipitating substance being exceeded or due to a chemical reaction that forms a solid product from aqueous reagents. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_(chemistry) Desublimation is a process in which a portion of some gas undergoes a phase transition into a portion of some solid. deposition desublimation process Desublimation is a process in which a portion of some gas undergoes a phase transition into a portion of some solid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deposition_(phase_transition) Sublimation is a process during which a portion of some solid undergoes a phase transition into a portion of some gas. sublimation process Sublimation is a process during which a portion of some solid undergoes a phase transition into a portion of some gas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublimation_(phase_transition) A tectonic uplift process is a geomorphologic process in which a geological surface shifts upward relative to a datum such as sea-level due to forces other than isostatic responses to unloading. tectonic uplift process A tectonic uplift process is a geomorphologic process in which a geological surface shifts upward relative to a datum such as sea-level due to forces other than isostatic responses to unloading. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonic_uplift Atmospheric subsidence is a process in which a mass of air moves through an atmosphere towards a planetary surface. atmospheric subsidence Atmospheric subsidence is a process in which a mass of air moves through an atmosphere towards a planetary surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidence_(atmosphere) A process in which a volume of lava emitted during an effusive eruption moves along a solid surface. environmental_hazards lava flow process A process in which a volume of lava emitted during an effusive eruption moves along a solid surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava A mass of igneous rock formed when hot magma flows out (extrudes) onto a planetary surface as lava or explodes violently into the atmosphere to fall back as pyroclastics or tuff. igneous extrusion A mass of igneous rock formed when hot magma flows out (extrudes) onto a planetary surface as lava or explodes violently into the atmosphere to fall back as pyroclastics or tuff. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrusive A dike formed when sediment fills a pre-existing fracture in a mass of rock. clastic dyke clastic dike A stock is a discordant igneous intrusion having a surface exposure of less than 100 square kilometres. Stocks differ from batholiths only in being smaller. Some assertion to indicate that stocks are smaller than batholiths should be made. stock A sheet intrusion (or concordant pluton) that has been injected between two layers of sedimentary rock. The pressure of the magma is high enough that the overlying strata are forced upward, giving the laccolith a dome or mushroom-like form with a generally planar base. laccolith A sheet intrusion (or concordant pluton) that has been injected between two layers of sedimentary rock. The pressure of the magma is high enough that the overlying strata are forced upward, giving the laccolith a dome or mushroom-like form with a generally planar base. Adapated from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laccolith A large igneous intrusion which is lenticular in shape with a depressed central region. lopolith A large igneous intrusion which is lenticular in shape with a depressed central region. Adapated from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lopolith A phacolith is an intrusion parallel to the bedding plane or foliation of folded country rock. More specifically, it is a typically lens-shaped intrusion that occupies either the crest of an anticline or the trough of a syncline. phacolith A phacolith is an intrusion parallel to the bedding plane or foliation of folded country rock. More specifically, it is a typically lens-shaped intrusion that occupies either the crest of an anticline or the trough of a syncline. Adapated from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phacolith A tabular sheet intrusion that has intruded between older layers of sedimentary rock, beds of volcanic lava or tuff, or along the direction of foliation in metamorphic rock. concordant intrusive sheet sill A tabular sheet intrusion that has intruded between older layers of sedimentary rock, beds of volcanic lava or tuff, or along the direction of foliation in metamorphic rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sill_(geology) A process whereby the precursors of rock, such as magma or sedimentary particles, fill a fracture in a mass of rock. intrusion process An environmental system which can sustain and allow the growth of an ecological population. EcoLexicon:habitat LTER:238 SWEETRealm:Habitat https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat A habitat's specificity to an ecological population differentiates it from other environment classes. habitat An environmental system which can sustain and allow the growth of an ecological population. EnvO:EnvO An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of water ice, present throughout multiple years, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. envoPolar nlcd2011 This class covers part of the NLCD "Perennial Ice/Snow" class. area of perennial water ice An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of water ice, present throughout multiple years, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php A process in which some input bearing a waste role is consumed to produce an output which bears a resource role. This has been created for SDGIO. Revision is likely, but the general meaning should be stable. The frame of reference for determining what is 'waste' and what is a 'resource' is unclear. recycling process A process in which some input bearing a waste role is consumed to produce an output which bears a resource role. https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=2260 A carbon emission process is any environmental process which outputs a carbon-bearing gas. carbon emission process envoPolar Requested for SDGIO. Likely to be revised. carbon-bearing gas emission process A process in which natural ecosystems present over an expanse of land are removed and replaced with anthropogenic ecosystems. An SDGIO request. Likely to be refined and revised. This looks like an aggregate class, subsuming a range of processes which can lead to degradation. These anthropogenic ecosystems may include urban or other built-up settlements or anthropogenic ecosystems used for activities such as forestry or agriculture. land consumption process A process in which natural ecosystems present over an expanse of land are removed and replaced with anthropogenic ecosystems. Adapted from EEA (1997) The concept of environmental space, Copenhagen, URL: http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/92-9167-078-2/at_download/file A self-contained constructed feature used by one or more households as a home, such as a house, apartment, mobile home, houseboat or other 'substantial' structure. A dwelling typically includes nearby outbuildings, sheds etc. within the curtilage of the property, excluding any 'open fields beyond'. It has significance in relation to search and seizure, conveyancing of real property, burglary, trespass, and land use planning. See https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/264 for discussion. This definition needs a lot of clean up and links to household and related classes must be made to form logical definitions for inference to work. Subclasses will be added by inference. human dwelling A self-contained constructed feature used by one or more households as a home, such as a house, apartment, mobile home, houseboat or other 'substantial' structure. A dwelling typically includes nearby outbuildings, sheds etc. within the curtilage of the property, excluding any 'open fields beyond'. It has significance in relation to search and seizure, conveyancing of real property, burglary, trespass, and land use planning. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwelling accessed 11/25/2015 An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of snow, present throughout multiple years, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. envoPolar nlcd2011 This class covers part of the NLCD "Perennial Ice/Snow" class. area of perennial snow An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of snow, present throughout multiple years, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of snow or water ice, present throughout multiple years, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. envoPolar perennial ice/snow NLCD:12 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, these areas are characterised by ice and/or snow cover generally greater than 25% of total cover. The definition of perennial needs clarification. area of perennial ice or snow An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of snow or water ice, present throughout multiple years, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php A layer of loose, heterogeneous, superficial material covering solid rock. It includes dust, soil, broken rock, and other related materials. The various parts of the regolith are highly variable. Perhaps some sort of "unconsolidated" quality should be used here with "environmental material" to cover this scope. Note that organisms, their parts, or their derivatives are also included. regolith A layer of loose, heterogeneous, superficial material covering solid rock. It includes dust, soil, broken rock, and other related materials. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regolith A layer of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks that forms continents and the areas of shallow seabed close to their shores, known as continental shelves. This is an Earth-centred class, but can be generalised to include other planetary bodies. envoPolar On Earth, all continental crust ultimately derives from the fractional differentiation of oceanic crust over many eons. continental crust A layer of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks that forms continents and the areas of shallow seabed close to their shores, known as continental shelves. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_(geology) On Earth, all continental crust ultimately derives from the fractional differentiation of oceanic crust over many eons. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_crust Oceanic crust is the uppermost layer of the oceanic portion of a tectonic plate. envoPolar oceanic crust Oceanic crust is the uppermost layer of the oceanic portion of a tectonic plate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_(geology) The Mohorovicic discontinuity, usually referred to as the Moho, is the boundary between the Earth's crust and the mantle, indicating a change in composition. This is and Earth-centred definition, but can likely be applied to other differentiated planetary bodies. Moho Mohorovičić discontinuity Mohorovicic discontinuity The Mohorovicic discontinuity, usually referred to as the Moho, is the boundary between the Earth's crust and the mantle, indicating a change in composition. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohorovi%C4%8Di%C4%87_discontinuity A lithified mass of rock that lies under the loose softer material (regolith) at the surface of the Earth or other terrestrial planet. bedrock A lithified mass of rock that lies under the loose softer material (regolith) at the surface of the Earth or other terrestrial planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedrock An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of bedrock, desert pavement, scarp rock, talus, material exposed by slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand, material exposed during strip mining, gravel, and other accumulations of earthen material in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. The range of entities that are considered "barren land" are not exhaustive, making axiomatisation risky at this stage. Barren Land (Rock/Sand/Clay) NLCD:31 envoPolar nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of barren land generally have less than 15% cover of vegetation. A specific threshold is not asserted in this definition. area of barren land An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of bedrock, desert pavement, scarp rock, talus, material exposed by slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand, material exposed during strip mining, gravel, and other accumulations of earthen material in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php A temperature that inheres in some portion of air. Draft class. In discussion in Issue #278. ENVO:09200001 obsolete air temperature true A temperature that inheres in some portion of air. URL:https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/278 A hollow tower of ice formed by the freezing of steam escaping a fumarole. ice chimney ice tower envoPolar fumarole-derived ice tower A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of gaseous or aerosolised material held in shape by one or more environmental processes. This may not need to be in the atmosphere, also note that "meteor" will do much of the same work. Similar, in spirit, to landform. This class may need to be split into aerosols and 'pure' volumes of gas. aeroform This class represents a somewhat arbitrary grouping of plant products which varies along various axes (socio-political, economic, cultural, etc). It's likely we'll need to create more informative subclasses and use synonomy to tie them together. FOODON:00001261 According to the FAO definition, vegetables grown principally for animal feed or seed should be separated from those grown for human consumption. They both, however, fall under the label "vegetable". obsolete vegetable true This class represents a somewhat arbitrary grouping of plant products which varies along various axes (socio-political, economic, cultural, etc). It's likely we'll need to create more informative subclasses and use synonomy to tie them together. FOODON:00001262 obsolete fruit true This class represents a somewhat arbitrary grouping of plant products which varies along various axes (socio-political, economic, cultural, etc). It's likely we'll need to create more informative subclasses and use synonomy to tie them together. The definition, too, requires greater refinement. FOODON:00001263 obsolete nut true FOODON:00001264 obsolete legume true A cloud is a visible mass of aerosolised liquid droplets or frozen crystals suspended in an atmosphere above the surface of a planetary body. cloud mass On Earth clouds are formed by the saturation of air in the homosphere when air cools or gains water vapor. Note that this class describes clouds as countable objects, rather than 'cloud material'. It also refers only to clouds made up of a water-based material. cloud A cloud is a visible mass of aerosolised liquid droplets or frozen crystals suspended in an atmosphere above the surface of a planetary body. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/introduction-and-principles-of-cloud-classification.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud Polar stratospheric clouds are clouds which form in the winter polar stratosphere at altitudes of 15,000–25,000 metres and which support chemical reactions that produce active chlorine and remove gaseous nitric acid, catalysing ozone destruction. This class should be linked to ozone layer depletion processes. nacreous cloud PSC envoPolar polar stratospheric cloud Polar stratospheric clouds are clouds which form in the winter polar stratosphere at altitudes of 15,000–25,000 metres and which support chemical reactions that produce active chlorine and remove gaseous nitric acid, catalysing ozone destruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_stratospheric_cloud A settlement with a low density of buildings and inhabitants. The thresholds for what makes a settlment "sparsely populated" can be determined as needed. These are usually "sparse" in relation to urban environments. If there is a specific threshold that should be added to ENVO, please make a new class request. sparsely populated settlement A settlement which has lower population density than a town, city, or other urban environment and is primarily used for agricultural or pastoral activity. A class created fro SDGIO. The definition of rural is highly varied, dealing with areas, settlements, and populations interchangeably. The 'rural' classes in ENVO aim to clarify these differing definitions. See issue #272. rural settlement A settlement which has lower population density than a town, city, or other urban environment and is primarily used for agricultural or pastoral activity. http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/am085e/am085e.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rural_area A settlement which has been established and is managed through officially sanctioned processes and is recognised as legal by a competent authority. This is merely a defined class and should not have too many subclasses. formal settlement A settlement which is not associated with or directed by official planning processes and which typically lacks municipal services and infrastructure such as sanitation, water services, and waste management services. Can a formerly formal settlement become an informal settlement? This is merely a defined class and should not have too many subclasses. Informal settlements need not be illegal. informal settlement A settlement on land that the inhabitants have a legal claim to. This is merely a defined class and should not have too many subclasses. legal settlement A settlement on land that the inhabitants have no legal claim to or occupy illegally. This is merely a defined class and should not have too many subclasses. illegal settlement A settlement on land that the inhabitants have no legal claim to or occupy illegally. http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=1351 Forest which originally covered a region before changes in the environment brought about by people. (Source: PHC) primary forest Forest which originally covered a region before changes in the environment brought about by people. (Source: PHC) http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept?cp=6622 A carbon emission process is any environmental process which releases carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere. envoPolar Requested for SDGIO. This class may be revised in future once the offical definitions become more clear. carbon dioxide emission process A volume of carbon dioxide gas emitted by a carbon dioxide emission process. This is a working definition for #280. Which processes will ultimately be included in the axioms is still open. carbon dioxide emission A road which is usable across all seasons. all-season road permanent road Created for SDGIO, indicator 9.1.1. See #272. all season road A road which is usable across all seasons. http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/WorldStats/ADI-access-season-road-definition.html An area which is outside of a town, city, or urban area. Rural areas are primarily used for agriculture or pastoralism and may contain rural settlements. A class created fro SDGIO. The definition of rural is highly varied, dealing with areas, settlements, and populations interchangeably. The 'rural' classes in ENVO aim to clarify these differing definitions. See issue #272. rural area An area which is outside of a town, city, or urban area. Rural areas are primarily used for agriculture or pastoralism and may contain rural settlements. http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/am085e/am085e.pdf A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town, with a population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods. Villages are normally permanent, with fixed dwellings; however, transient villages can occur. Further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, not scattered broadly over the landscape, as a dispersed settlement. This class may be split. "urban village" doesn't sit well and prevents relations to village biomes. village A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town, with a population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods. Villages are normally permanent, with fixed dwellings; however, transient villages can occur. Further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, not scattered broadly over the landscape, as a dispersed settlement. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Village A lake which has nutrient-poor water. See issue #282 oligotrophic lake A lake which has nutrient-poor water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trophic_state_index A lake with medium nutrient levels, which allow moderate productivity. See Issue #281. What constitutes a "medium" nutrient level is subject to debate. The thresholds should be set either on a data level or through new subclasses. mesotrophic lake An abiotic mesoscopic physical object which is primarily composed of plastic. piece of plastic A cylindrical shaped pre-production plastic pellet used in manufacturing and packaging. See Issue #289. nurdle A cylindrical shaped pre-production plastic pellet used in manufacturing and packaging. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nurdle 1 An environmental zone which contains, as determined by an officially mandated selection process, one or more ecosystems which include, as parts, ecological communities of global significance for conservation due to their vulnerability and irreplaceability. The narrow synonyms will be made into subclasses in their own right. important site Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites Ecologically and Biologically Significant Area IUCN Important Site for Freshwater Biodiversity Important Bird Area Important Mammal Area Important Plant Area Important Site for Freshwater Biodiversity Prime Butterfly Area Ramsar Sites envoPolar The selection process which determines the whether an area is an important site must follow the best practice specifications and guidelines developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), using globally standardised criteria and thresholds. Note that the label 'important site' is chosen to align with SDGIO. The definition is that of "key biodiversity area". key biodiversity area An environmental zone which contains, as determined by an officially mandated selection process, one or more ecosystems which include, as parts, ecological communities of global significance for conservation due to their vulnerability and irreplaceability. http://www.iucn.org/about/union/secretariat/offices/iucnmed/iucn_med_programme/species/key_biodiversity_areas/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_Biodiversity_Area The system of public works in a country, state or region, including roads, utility lines and public buildings. infrastructure We label this as 'public infrastructure', as the OECD definition refers specifically to public constructed features. The parts of public infrastructure are not exhaustive and should be extended as needed. public infrastructure The system of public works in a country, state or region, including roads, utility lines and public buildings. https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=4511 A road which is publically accessible. This class is created for the SDGIO and the 'public infrastructure' class. The publically accessible attribute could be axiomatised. public road A building which is publically accessible. Created for SDGIO, we treat "public" as "publically accessible" where the semantics of access are dealt with in SDGIO. public building A cable used to trasmit electricity from its point of production to its point of consumption. utility line A utility line which services the public power grid. Created for SDGIO, we treat "public" as "publically accessible" where the semantics of access are dealt with in SDGIO. public utility line A populated place where groups of housing units have been constructed on land that the occupants have no legal claim to, or occupy illegally, or where dwellings are not in compliance with current planning and building regulations. informal settlement Informal settlements may be urban or rural. illegal informal settlement A populated place where groups of housing units have been constructed on land that the occupants have no legal claim to, or occupy illegally, or where dwellings are not in compliance with current planning and building regulations. unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/SeriesF/SeriesF_67E.pdf A planned process during which a portion of environmental material is removed from a material entity. This should be an OBI planned process. Pending import. Created for SDGIO and intended to be a more general form of resource extraction process. material extraction process A fire is a process whereby rapid and exothermic oxidation of a material through a combustion process releases heat, light, and other products. Not to be confused with a flame - the visible portion of gas released by a fire . Oxidation processes such as rusting or biological digestion are not subsumed here. fire A fire is a process whereby rapid and exothermic oxidation of a material through a combustion process releases heat, light, and other products. http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept?cp=3212 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire A conflagration which is uncontrolled and combusts material in a vegetated area, be it rural or wild. wildland fire environmental_hazards The definition of "wildland" or "wild" is ambiguous. wildfire A fire which occurs in a large spatial area poses a risk to human life, animal life, health, and/or property. blaze large fire conflagration A fire which occurs in a large spatial area poses a risk to human life, animal life, health, and/or property. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflagration A portion of gas which is emitted by a fire or other exothermic reaction, is of increased temperature, and typically emits light in the visible range. flame A portion of gas which is emitted by a fire or other exothermic reaction, is of increased temperature, and typically emits light in the visible range. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame A flame which is produced by the combustion of hydrocarbon fuel. hydrocarbon flame A wildfire which occurs in a forest, primarily consuming vegetation as fuel. environmental_hazards forest fire A wildfire which occurs in a forest, primarily consuming vegetation as fuel. http://www.emdat.be/Glossary A process whereby a large volume of gas moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. wind envoPolar This class refers to all forms of "wind": from the familiar movement of air in the Earth's atmosphere to the solar wind. Use a subclass to be more precise. mass gaseous flow A process whereby a large volume of gas moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind A mass gaseous flow which occurrs in a planet's atmosphere due to internal pressure disequilibria. envoPolar atmospheric wind A mass gaseous flow which occurrs in a planet's atmosphere due to internal pressure disequilibria. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind A stream of plasma primarily composed of electrons, protons, and alpha particles ejected from the upper atmosphere of a star. Solar wind stellar wind A stream of plasma primarily composed of electrons, protons, and alpha particles ejected from the upper atmosphere of a star. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_wind https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind A mass gaseous flow in which planetary atmospheric gases flow into outer space. atmospheric escape envoPolar planetary wind A process whereby a large volume of plasma moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. mass plasma flow A material entity which is composed of one or more chemical entities and has neither independent shape nor volume but tends to expand indefinitely. This class is to be populated by inference. gas gaseous environmental material A material entity which is composed of one or more chemical entities and has neither independent shape nor volume but tends to expand indefinitely. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gas A material entity which is composed of a volume of unbound positive and negative particles in roughly equal numbers, conducts electricity, and possesses internal magnetic fields. An NTR for `quality of a plasma` has been posted on the PATO tracker: https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/88 plasma A material entity which is composed of a volume of unbound positive and negative particles in roughly equal numbers, conducts electricity, and possesses internal magnetic fields. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plasma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_%28physics%29 An object which is naturally occuring, bound together by gravitational or electromagnetic forces, and surrounded by space. celestial body envoAstro Astronomical bodies are usually cohesive, thus the use of the term 'object' sensu BFO 'object'. astronomical body An object which is naturally occuring, bound together by gravitational or electromagnetic forces, and surrounded by space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_object A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals. envoAstro envoPolar Considerable debate on the definition of planet exists. planet A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/whatisaplanet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet An astronomical object which is composed primarily of luminous plasma held in a spherical form by gravitational forces. Add qualities such as spherical. Request NTRs if not available in PATO. envoAstro envoPolar star An astronomical object which is composed primarily of luminous plasma held in a spherical form by gravitational forces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star An astronomical body which orbits a planet of comparatively greater mass. moon natural satellite envoAstro At times, a moon is equated to a natural satellite, however, the latter class includes a broader range of entities. Here, we currently separate moons from other satellites. We can create a logical definition of satellite using an orbital process class. planetary moon An astronomical body which orbits a planet of comparatively greater mass. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/solarsystem/sats https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_satellite envoAstro This class is hard to define and is sometimes treated as equivalent to 'minor planet'. asteroid 1 An object which is composed of one or more gravitationally bound structures that are associated with a position in space. celestial object envoAstro If there is only one astronomical body involved, this class is equivalent to ENVO:01000799. This may be problematic with reasoning, but it seems to be true to the rather fuzzy definitions found thus far. astronomical object An object which is composed of one or more gravitationally bound structures that are associated with a position in space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_object A group of gravitationally bound stars. envoAstro There is a need to account for open star clusters which are not gravitationally bound. This would need a superclass other than 'astronomical object', as currently defined. globular star cluster A group of gravitationally bound stars. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_cluster An interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen, helium and other ionized gases envoAstro nebula An interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen, helium and other ionized gases https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebula A galaxy is a gravitationally bound system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter. envoAstro galaxy A galaxy is a gravitationally bound system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy An astronomical body which is in direct orbit of a star and is massive enough for its own gravity to compress it into a shape preserved by hydrostatic equilibrium (usually a spheroid), but which shares its orbit with other bodies, such as asteroids or comets. envoAstro Considerable debate on this definition exists. dwarf planet An astronomical body which is in direct orbit of a star and is massive enough for its own gravity to compress it into a shape preserved by hydrostatic equilibrium (usually a spheroid), but which shares its orbit with other bodies, such as asteroids or comets. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/Dwarf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet A minor planet is an astronomical object in direct orbit around the Sun that is neither a planet nor exclusively classified as a comet. Minor planets can be dwarf planets, asteroids, trojans, centaurs, Kuiper belt objects, and other trans-Neptunian objects. This definition is in need of revision - it relies on negation and seems to straddle class and instance level. The definitional space here is contested and quite inhomogeneous. envoAstro "Before 2006, the IAU had officially used the term minor planet. During its 2006 meeting, the IAU reclassified minor planets and comets into dwarf planets and small Solar System bodies (SSSB). Objects are called dwarf planets if their self-gravity is sufficient to achieve hydrostatic equilibrium and form an ellipsoidal shape. All other minor planets and comets are called small Solar System bodies. The IAU stated that the term minor planet may still be used, but the term small Solar System body will be preferred. However, for purposes of numbering and naming, the traditional distinction between minor planet and comet is still used." minor planet A minor planet is an astronomical object in direct orbit around the Sun that is neither a planet nor exclusively classified as a comet. Minor planets can be dwarf planets, asteroids, trojans, centaurs, Kuiper belt objects, and other trans-Neptunian objects. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_planet "Before 2006, the IAU had officially used the term minor planet. During its 2006 meeting, the IAU reclassified minor planets and comets into dwarf planets and small Solar System bodies (SSSB). Objects are called dwarf planets if their self-gravity is sufficient to achieve hydrostatic equilibrium and form an ellipsoidal shape. All other minor planets and comets are called small Solar System bodies. The IAU stated that the term minor planet may still be used, but the term small Solar System body will be preferred. However, for purposes of numbering and naming, the traditional distinction between minor planet and comet is still used." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_planet An atmosphere which surrounds a planet. envoPolar planetary atmosphere A planetary atmosphere which is composted primarily of dinitrogen and dioxygen gas. envoPolar An instance of this class would be Earth's atmosphere. nitrogen-oxygen planetary atmosphere A desert surface covered with closely packed, interlocking angular or rounded rock fragments of pebble and cobble size. gibber reg saï serir desert pavement A desert surface covered with closely packed, interlocking angular or rounded rock fragments of pebble and cobble size. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_pavement A material part of an astronomical body. envoAstro envoPolar astronomical body part An environmental material which is in a solid state. This is a defined class: its subclasses will not be asserted, but filled by inference. solid environmental material An environmental material which is in a liquid state. envoPolar This is a defined class: its subclasses will not be asserted, but filled by inference. liquid environmental material An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a forest in which the majority of trees shed foliage simultaneously in response to seasonal change. The surfaces of this area (including the surface of the forest canopy) are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. deciduous forest NLCD:41 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of deciduous forest are dominated by trees generally greater than 5 meters tall, and making up more than 20% of total vegetation cover. The NLCD 2011 continues to state that more than 75% of these trees should shed foliage simultaneously in response to seasonal change. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not asserted in this definition. area of deciduous forest An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a forest in which the majority of trees shed foliage simultaneously in response to seasonal change. The surfaces of this area (including the surface of the forest canopy) are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php A biosphere is a part of an astronomical body which includes, as parts, all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body, as well as the non-living and dead entities with which they interact. Whether this class should be grouped with classes such as "hydrosphere" and "cryosphere" requires some discussion. envoAstro envoPolar The gravitational sphere of influence referenced in this class' definition is the Hill sphere: a region in which an object dominates the attraction of satellites despite gravitational perturbations. biosphere A biosphere is a part of an astronomical body which includes, as parts, all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body, as well as the non-living and dead entities with which they interact. http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Biosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere A cryosphere is that part of a planet which is primarily composed of water is in solid form. envoAstro envoPolar This is a very broad and, in practice, poorly defined term. Please consider using or requesting a more specific class. cryosphere A cryosphere is that part of a planet which is primarily composed of water is in solid form. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet. envoAstro envoPolar This is a very broad and, in practice, poorly defined term. Please consider using or requesting a more specific class. hydrosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of soil, subject to soil formation processes, and found on the surface of a lithosphere. envoAstro This is a very broad and, in practice, poorly defined term. Please consider using or requesting a more specific class. pedosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of soil, subject to soil formation processes, and found on the surface of a lithosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of those parts of a star, distal from the star's core, from which light is radiated into space. envoAstro photosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of those parts of a star, distal from the star's core, from which light is radiated into space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosphere A planetary part which is exposed, at least periodically, to light. photosphere envoPolar In some literature, the term photosphere is used; however, this is more correctly reserved for a part of a star. planetary photic zone A planetary part which is exposed, at least periodically, to light. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1155495 An astronomical body part which includes those parts of a biosphere that are, at least periodically, illuminated and in which photosynthesis may occur. Somewhat awkward at the moment, see #314. envoPolar illuminated biosphere part An astronomical body part which includes those parts of a biosphere that are, at least periodically, illuminated and in which photosynthesis may occur. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1155495 A lake from which water constantly flows out of under almost all climatic circumstances, maintaining low concentrations of dissolved solid relative to endorheic lakes. open lake exorheic lake A lake from which water constantly flows out of under almost all climatic circumstances, maintaining low concentrations of dissolved solid relative to endorheic lakes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_and_closed_lakes A part of a building roof which overhangs the face of a wall and, normally, projects beyond the side of a building. eaves A part of a building roof which overhangs the face of a wall and, normally, projects beyond the side of a building. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eaves Overhanging eaves where the rafters and underside of the roof are visible from below. open eaves Overhanging eaves where the rafters and underside of the roof are visible from below. Open eaves. (n.d.) McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Architecture and Construction. (2003). Retrieved May 16 2016 from http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Open+eaves Eaves in which projecting roof members are not visible, being closed from view by boarding. closed eaves Eaves in which projecting roof members are not visible, being closed from view by boarding. closed eaves. (n.d.) McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Architecture and Construction. (2003). Retrieved May 16 2016 from http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/closed+eaves Air which has increased levels of water vapour. humid air Air which has a partial pressure of water vapour equal or near equal to its equilibrium vapor pressure at a given temperature. water-vapour-saturated air wet air "Near equal" is meant to reflect that there will be fluctuations around the equilibrium point. water vapour saturated air A hydrological precipitation process in which atmospheric water vapour condenses to form droplets of liquid water massive enough to fall to a planetary surface due to the planet's gravity. rain fall rainfall rain envoPolar This is the process which typically happens on Earth. Other planets may have different liquids involved in the process. water-based rainfall A hydrological precipitation process in which atmospheric water vapour condenses to form droplets of liquid water massive enough to fall to a planetary surface due to the planet's gravity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain A droplet is a small column of liquid, bounded completely or almost completely by free surfaces which maintains its shape due to the surface tension of the liquid. drop No attempt is made to differentiate between drops and droplets. This may be added, if requested. droplet A droplet is a small column of liquid, bounded completely or almost completely by free surfaces which maintains its shape due to the surface tension of the liquid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drop_%28liquid%29 A droplet formed by condensation of vapour in an atmosphere and which is sufficiently massive to overcome atmospheric resistance and fall to a planetary surface due to gravity. raindrop A droplet of water A defined class which should be filled by inference. water droplet raindrop This is the class intended for use when describing raindrops on Earth. These typically have a diamter of 0.1 to 9 millimetres. water raindrop A droplet which is spherical in shape and suspended in an atmosphere, being of too small a mass to be pulled to a planetary surface by gravity. cloud droplet A droplet which is spherical in shape and suspended in an atmosphere, being of too small a mass to be pulled to a planetary surface by gravity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain A cloud droplet composed primarily of water. cloud drop cloud droplet water based cloud droplet water-based cloud droplet A process in which precipitation falls from a cloud but evaporates or sublimes before making contact with a planetary surface. virga A process in which precipitation falls from a cloud but evaporates or sublimes before making contact with a planetary surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain Smoke is a collection of airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis, together with the quantity of gas that is entrained or otherwise mixed into the mass smoke Smoke is a collection of airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis, together with the quantity of gas that is entrained or otherwise mixed into the mass https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke Combustion or burning is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke. This class may be surrendered to REX. Unlike the "combustion" class in the Chemical Methods Ontology, this class is not necessarily a planned process. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHMO_0001473 combustion process Combustion or burning is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion thermolysis A thermolysis process in which organic material is decomposed in the absence of oxygen. pyrolysis A fog which is intermixed with smoke or other combustion products and their derivatives. smog An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a forest in which the majority of trees maintain their foliage despite seasonal change. The surfaces of this area (including the surface of the forest canopy) are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. evergreen forest NLCD:42 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of evergreen forest are dominated by trees generally greater than 5 meters tall, and making up more than 20% of total vegetation cover. The NLCD 2011 continues to state that more than 75% of these trees should maintain their foliage despite seasonal change - the canopy is never without green foliage. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not asserted in this definition. area of evergreen forest An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a forest in which the majority of trees maintain their foliage despite seasonal change. The surfaces of this area (including the surface of the forest canopy) are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php A visible mass of cloud water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air at or near a planetary surface. haar This class refers only to fog formed by materials primarily composed of water. "Fog can be considered a type of low-lying cloud and is heavily influenced by nearby bodies of water, topography, and wind conditions. In turn, fog has affected many human activities, such as shipping, travel, and warfare." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fog fog A visible mass of cloud water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air at or near a planetary surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fog A solid material whose constituents, such as atoms, molecules or ions, are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. This class refers to a portion of crystal and not an individual crystal. crystal A solid material whose constituents, such as atoms, molecules or ions, are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal A crystal which is primarily composed of water ice. ice crystal envoPolar water ice crystal A type of water ice that forms on dead wood with the assistance of the fungus Exidiopsis effusa and takes the shape of fine, silky hair. Add quality like filamentous from PATO frost beard ice wool envoPolar hair ice A type of water ice that forms on dead wood with the assistance of the fungus Exidiopsis effusa and takes the shape of fine, silky hair. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair_ice A vegetated area which includes a community of flowering plants that provide food for local pollinators. This may or may not be an anthropogenic environment, but its boundaries are maintained by human activity. Flower strips are often the last refuge organsims whose habitats have been replaced by croplands, urban areas, and othe anthropogenic environments. This has considerable consequences for pollination and other ecosystem services. flower strip A vegetated area which includes a community of flowering plants that provide food for local pollinators. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12605 Flower strips are often the last refuge organsims whose habitats have been replaced by croplands, urban areas, and othe anthropogenic environments. This has considerable consequences for pollination and other ecosystem services. https://jappliedecologyblog.wordpress.com/2016/02/09/flower-strips-support-ecosystem-services-only-when-they-have-the-right-flowers/?platform=hootsuite A flower strip which is present at the margins of cultivated fields. Flower strips are often the last refuge organsims whose habitats have been replaced by croplands, urban areas, and othe anthropogenic environments. This has considerable consequences for pollination and other ecosystem services. flower-rich field margin strip A flower strip which is present at the margins of cultivated fields. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12605 Flower strips are often the last refuge organsims whose habitats have been replaced by croplands, urban areas, and othe anthropogenic environments. This has considerable consequences for pollination and other ecosystem services. https://jappliedecologyblog.wordpress.com/2016/02/09/flower-strips-support-ecosystem-services-only-when-they-have-the-right-flowers/?platform=hootsuite A material which is primarily composed of a substance arranged as a lattice which can trap or contain other molecules. Not sure if this should be a subclass of crystal. If it is removed, remember to assert that it is a solid. clathrate compound material clathrate crystal material envoPolar This class is not to be confused with CHEBI's "clathrate". The latter refers to the pure substance, while this class refers to clathrates found in nature. "Traditionally, clathrate compounds are polymeric and completely envelop the guest molecule, but in modern usage clathrates also include host-guest complexes and inclusion compounds." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clathrate_compound clathrate material A material which is primarily composed of a substance arranged as a lattice which can trap or contain other molecules. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clathrate_compound A clathrate material in which a large amount of methane is trapped within a crystal structure of water, forming a solid similar to ice. fire ice gas hydrate hydromethane methane hydrate methane ice natural gas hydrate envoPolar methane clathrate A clathrate material in which a large amount of methane is trapped within a crystal structure of water, forming a solid similar to ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane_clathrate An environmental process in which coral expels the symbiotic algae living in its tissue as a result of stress, causing the coral to turn white. Add relations to coral organisms in NCBI taxonomy. orcid.org/0000-0001-8369-8114 coral bleaching coral bleaching process An environmental process in which coral expels the symbiotic algae living in its tissue as a result of stress, causing the coral to turn white. http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/coral_bleach.html Marl is a mass of calcium carbonate derived from mollusk shells and mixed with silt and clay. A request from the Agronomy Ontology in Issue #345. marl Marl is a mass of calcium carbonate derived from mollusk shells and mixed with silt and clay. http://corn.agronomy.wisc.edu/Management/pdfs/a3671.pdf A marine coral reef biome which is located in a region with a tropical climate. wwfBiome tropical marine coral reef biome An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a forest in which the majority of trees maintain their foliage despite seasonal change. The surfaces of this area (including the surface of the forest canopy) are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. mixed forest NLCD:43 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of mixed forest are dominated by trees generally greater than 5 meters tall, and making up more than 20% of total vegetation cover. The NLCD 2011 continues to state that neither deciduous or evergreen trees make up more than 75% of the total tree cover. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not asserted in this definition. area of mixed forest An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a forest in which the majority of trees maintain their foliage despite seasonal change. The surfaces of this area (including the surface of the forest canopy) are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php A marginal sea biome which is located in a region with a temperate climate. A component of the WWF Temperate Shelf and seas ecoregions grouping wwfBiome temperate marginal sea biome wwfBiome temperate mediterranean sea biome A marine biome which contains communities adapted to living in an environment determined by an upwelling process. marine upwelling biome A marine upwelling biome which is subject to tropical climate patterns. wwfBiome tropical marine upwelling biome A marine upwelling biome which is located in a region subject to temperate climate patterns. wwfBiome temperate marine upwelling biome An area of a planet's surface which is partly covered by shrubs with ground-hugging stems or low growth habit, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. As noted in Wikipedia: "Because the criteria are matters of degree rather than of kind, the definition of a subshrub is not sharply distinguishable from that of a shrub" dwarf scrub NLCD:51 area of subshrub nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of dwarf scrub are dominated by shrubs less than 20 centimeters tall with shrub canopy typically greater than 20% of total vegetation. This type is often co-associated with grasses, sedges, herbs, and non-vascular vegetation. The NLCD 2011 notes that this is intended as an Alaska only land cover. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not asserted in this definition. area of dwarf scrub An area of a planet's surface which is partly covered by shrubs with ground-hugging stems or low growth habit, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subshrub https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php As noted in Wikipedia: "Because the criteria are matters of degree rather than of kind, the definition of a subshrub is not sharply distinguishable from that of a shrub" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subshrub A turbulent surface layer of a water body maintained by strong currents setting over submerged ridges or shoals or by winds opposing a current. This should likely be a part of the surface layer rather than a subclass. overfall turbulent aquatic surface layer A turbulent surface layer of a water body maintained by strong currents setting over submerged ridges or shoals or by winds opposing a current. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/overfall A structure which is built into the container of a water body which allows water to flow out of the container when the volume of the water contained exceeds that of its cavity. overfall overflow structure A structure which is built into the container of a water body which allows water to flow out of the container when the volume of the water contained exceeds that of its cavity. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/overfall A site at the terminus of a liquid conveyance conduit where the liquid carried is discharged into the sea or a river. overfall mouth of liquid discharge conduit A site at the terminus of a liquid conveyance conduit where the liquid carried is discharged into the sea or a river. http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/overfall An electric power system is a network of electrical components used to supply, transfer and use electric power. electric power system An electric power system is a network of electrical components used to supply, transfer and use electric power. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_system A photovoltaic system is a power system designed to supply usable solar power by means of photovoltaics. It consists of an arrangement of several components, including solar panels to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity, a solar inverter to change the electric current from DC to AC, as well as mounting, cabling and other electrical accessories to set up a working system. photovoltaic system A photovoltaic system is a power system designed to supply usable solar power by means of photovoltaics. It consists of an arrangement of several components, including solar panels to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity, a solar inverter to change the electric current from DC to AC, as well as mounting, cabling and other electrical accessories to set up a working system. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system A group of solar panels, typically belonging to the same photovoltaic system, arranged to maximise interception of solar radiation. photovoltaic panel array solar panel array A group of solar panels, typically belonging to the same photovoltaic system, arranged to maximise interception of solar radiation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system A solar panel array that is integrated into the power system of a human dwelling. domestic photovoltaic panel array domestic solar panel array An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a shrubs, young trees, or stunted trees.. The surfaces of this area are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. As noted in Wikipedia: "Because the criteria are matters of degree rather than of kind, the definition of a subshrub is not sharply distinguishable from that of a shrub" shrub/scrub NLCD:52 area of shrub nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of scrub or shrub are dominated by shrubs; less than 5 meters tall with shrub canopy typically greater than 20% of total vegetation. This class includes true shrubs, young trees in an early successional stage or trees stunted from environmental conditions. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not asserted in this definition. area of scrub An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a shrubs, young trees, or stunted trees.. The surfaces of this area are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.07.014 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subshrub https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php As noted in Wikipedia: "Because the criteria are matters of degree rather than of kind, the definition of a subshrub is not sharply distinguishable from that of a shrub" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subshrub A process in which a solid planetary surface is deformed. This is a class to be filled by inference. ground deformation process A puddle is a small accumulation of water, on a surface. It can form either by pooling in a depression on the surface, or by surface tension upon a flat surface. This class refers only to puddles of water, see https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/337 puddle of water A puddle is a small accumulation of water, on a surface. It can form either by pooling in a depression on the surface, or by surface tension upon a flat surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puddle Ballast water is water contained in the ballast tanks of sea-going vessels. This definition could be improved, as ballast water is often used in more general ways, beyond the water contained in a ballast tank at any given time. For example, water which has just been released from a ballast tank is often still refered to as ballast water. balast water Ballast water is water contained in the ballast tanks of sea-going vessels. http://www.nature.com/news/four-routes-to-better-maritime-governance-1.21051?WT.mc_id=TWT_NatureNews https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballast_water_discharge_and_the_environment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailing_ballast#Water_ballast A ballast tank is a compartment within a boat, ship or other floating structure that holds water, which is used as ballast to provide stability for a vessel. Consider using http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000967 as a super-class ballast tank A ballast tank is a compartment within a boat, ship or other floating structure that holds water, which is used as ballast to provide stability for a vessel. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballast_tank Hailfall is a hydrological process in which balls or irregular lumps of water ice formed in thunderstorm or cumulonimbus clouds fall to a planetary surface. hail fall environmental_hazards envoPolar hailfall Hailfall is a hydrological process in which balls or irregular lumps of water ice formed in thunderstorm or cumulonimbus clouds fall to a planetary surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hail A precipitation process is a process in which a portion of some substance segregates from a material in which that substance or its precursors were dissolved or suspended in and settles due to a force such as gravity or centrifugal force. precipitation process A precipitation process is a process in which a portion of some substance segregates from a material in which that substance or its precursors were dissolved or suspended in and settles due to a force such as gravity or centrifugal force. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_%28chemistry%29 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation A storm is an environmental process in which an environmental system and the processes it participates in are strongly perturbed by external forcings. These forcings typically increase the rates of processes unfolding in the system, relative to their normal rates. environmental_hazards The threshold of what constitutes "strong" perturbation is not defined here due to considerable semantic variation. If a specific threshold is required, please request a new term. storm An atmospheric storm is a process in which a portion of an astronomical body's atmosphere is strongly perturbed from its prevaling weather. environmental_hazards atmospheric storm An atmospheric storm is a process in which a portion of an astronomical body's atmosphere is strongly perturbed from its prevaling weather. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm An atmospheric storm which occurs in cumulonimbus clouds and during which lightning and thunder occur. electrical storm lightning storm environmental_hazards Thunderstorms may or may not involve processes which result in strong winds, heavy rain, snow, sleet, hail, or other forms of precipitation. thunderstorm An atmospheric storm during which intense rainfall occurs. environmental_hazards rainstorm An atmospheric storm which intense hailfall occurs. environmental_hazards envoPolar hailstorm An atmospheric storm during which intense snowfall occurs. environmental_hazards envoPolar snowstorm An atmospheric storm during which freezing rain falls and accumulates as ice on exposed surfaces. glaze event silver thaw environmental_hazards envoPolar The U.S. National Weather Service defines an ice storm as a storm which results in the accumulation of at least 0.25-inch (6.4 mm) of ice on exposed surfaces. icestorm An atmospheric storm during which freezing rain falls and accumulates as ice on exposed surfaces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_storm The U.S. National Weather Service defines an ice storm as a storm which results in the accumulation of at least 0.25-inch (6.4 mm) of ice on exposed surfaces. Hauer RJ, Dawson JO, Werner LP (2006) Trees and Ice Storms - The Development of Ice Storm-Resistant Urban Tree Populations (2 ed.). College of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point, and the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences and the Office of Continuing Education, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. http://web.extension.uiuc.edu/forestry/publications/pdf/urban_community_forestry/trees_and_ice_storms_2006.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_storm An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation planted for recreation, erosion control, or aesthetic purposes interspersed by constructed or manufactured objects and materials. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. This would be helped by more clear listings of entities included in this classification. However, the class is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. developed, open space NLCD:21 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of developed open space are dominated by vegetation such as lawn grasses and include large-lot single-family housing units, parks, golf courses. Further, it is asserted that "impervious surfaces", most likely referring to concrete and related substances, cover less than 20% of the area. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not asserted in this definition. area of developed open space An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation planted for recreation, erosion control, or aesthetic purposes interspersed by constructed or manufactured objects and materials. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation and by constructed or manufactured objects and materials covering up to approximately half its extent. Such areas are used for low intensity purposes such as accommodating collections of single-family residential units. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. This would be helped by more clear listings of entities included in this classification. However, the class is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. developed, low intensity NLCD:22 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of developed space under low intensity usage are dominated by vegetation such as lawn grasses and include collections of single-family housing units. Further, it is asserted that "impervious surfaces", most likely referring to concrete and related substances, cover between than 20 - 49% of the area. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. area of developed space with low usage intensity An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation and by constructed or manufactured objects and materials covering up to approximately half its extent. Such areas are used for low intensity purposes such as accommodating collections of single-family residential units. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by constructed or manufactured objects and materials covering from half to three-forths of its extent and by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation. Such areas are used for medium intensity purposes such as accommodating dense collections of single-family residential units. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. This would be helped by more clear listings of entities included in this classification. However, the class is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. developed, medium intensity NLCD:23 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of developed space under medium intensity usage are dominated by vegetation such as lawn grasses and include collections of single-family housing units. Further, it is asserted that "impervious surfaces", most likely referring to concrete and related substances, cover between than 50 - 79% of the area. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. area of developed space with medium usage intensity An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by constructed or manufactured objects and materials covering from half to three-forths of its extent and by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation. Such areas are used for medium intensity purposes such as accommodating dense collections of single-family residential units. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of developed space used for high intensity purposes such as accommodating dense and multi-occupant residential, commercial, and industrial units. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. This would be helped by more clear listings of entities included in this classification. However, the class is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. developed, high intensity NLCD:24 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of developed space under high intensity usage are dominated by constructed features where humans reside and work. Examples include apartment complexes, row houses and commercial/industrial facilities. Further, it is asserted that "impervious surfaces", most likely referring to concrete and related substances, cover between than 80 - 100% of the area. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. area of developed space with high usage intensity An area of developed space used for high intensity purposes such as accommodating dense and multi-occupant residential, commercial, and industrial units. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by sedges or forbs, possibly interpersed with grasses or grass-like plants. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. sedge/herbaceous NLCD:72 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, at least 80% of these areas are covered by sedge or forbs. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. The NLCD description also notes that land covered by sedge tundra and sedge tussock tundra are subsumed in this category. The original definition notes that this is intended as an "Alaska only" category. area of sedge- and forb-dominated herbaceious vegetation An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by sedges or forbs, possibly interpersed with grasses or grass-like plants. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by gramanoid or herbaceous vegetation and which is not subject to intensive management by humans. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. grassland/herbaceous NLCD:71 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, at least 80% of these areas are covered by grasslands or non-woody, herbaceous plants. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. The NLCD description also notes that, while no "intensive" management such as tilling is performed in these areas, they may be used for grazing. area of gramanoid or herbaceous vegetation An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by gramanoid or herbaceous vegetation and which is not subject to intensive management by humans. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by fruticose or foliose lichens and which is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. lichens NLCD:73 envoPolar nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, at least 80% of these areas are covered by lichens. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. The original definition notes that this is intended as an "Alaska only" category. area of lichen-dominated vegetation An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by fruticose or foliose lichens and which is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by mosses and which is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. moss NLCD:74 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, at least 80% of these areas are covered by mosses. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. The original definition notes that this is intended as an "Alaska only" category. area of moss-dominated vegetation An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by mosses and which is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of a planet's surface which is partly covered by planted grasses, legumes, or mixtures of grass and legumes and used for livestock grazing or the production of seed or hay crops. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. pasture/hay NLCD:81 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, at least 20% of these areas are covered by pasturelands or hayfields. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. The NLCD also notes that the crops are grown on a perennial cycle in these areas. area of pastureland or hayfields An area of a planet's surface which is partly covered by planted grasses, legumes, or mixtures of grass and legumes and used for livestock grazing or the production of seed or hay crops. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of a planet's surface which is partly covered either by annual crops and perennial woody crops or by actively tilled land. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. cultivated crops NLCD:82 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, at least 20% of these areas are covered by croplands or actively tilled land. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. The NLCD provides corn, soybeans, vegetables, tobacco, and cotton as examples of annual crops and the trees and vines in orchards and vineyards as examples of perennial woody crops. area of cropland An area of a planet's surface which is partly covered either by annual crops and perennial woody crops or by actively tilled land. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of a planet's surface which is partly covered by forest or shrubland vegetation and where the underlying soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered by water. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. woody wetlands NLCD:90 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, at least 20% of these areas are covered by forest or shrubland vegetation. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. area of woody wetland An area of a planet's surface which is partly covered by forest or shrubland vegetation and where the underlying soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered by water. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by perennial herbaceous vegetation and where the underlying soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered by water. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. emergent herbaceous wetlands NLCD:95 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, at least 80% of these areas are covered by herbaceous vegetation. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. area of emergent herbaceous wetland An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by perennial herbaceous vegetation and where the underlying soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered by water. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php A hydrological process in which irregular aggregates of snow fall to a planetary surface. snow fall environmental_hazards envoPolar snowfall Rainfall which occurs when the temperature of a planetary surface and its surrounding atmosphere are below the freezing point of water, resulting in supercooled raindrops which freeze upon impact with solid surfaces. METAR:FZRA freezing rain freezing rain fall environmental_hazards envoPolar freezing rainfall Rainfall which occurs when the temperature of a planetary surface and its surrounding atmosphere are below the freezing point of water, resulting in supercooled raindrops which freeze upon impact with solid surfaces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freezing_rain A process during which a sudden flow of electricity occurs, often accompanied by a visible release of photons, between two electrically charged objects due to contact, an electrical short, or dielectric breakdown. This should probably be moved to an ontology of physical processes when one is created, and be imported back into ENVO. electrostatic discharge process A process during which a sudden flow of electricity occurs, often accompanied by a visible release of photons, between two electrically charged objects due to contact, an electrical short, or dielectric breakdown. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_discharge 1 A sudden electrostatic discharge which occurs during an electrical storm as differentially charged atmospheric entities equalise their charge. lightning environmental_hazards atmospheric lightning A sudden electrostatic discharge which occurs during an electrical storm as differentially charged atmospheric entities equalise their charge. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning 2 A lightning process during which electrostatic discharge occurs between at least two clouds. CC lightning cloud-cloud lightning environmental_hazards intercloud lightning 1 A lightning process during which electrostatic discharge occurs within a single cloud. IC lightning environmental_hazards intracloud lightning A lightning process during which electrostatic discharge occurs between a cloud and an object on a planetary surface, or a planetary surface itself. CG lightning cloud-ground lightning environmental_hazards lightning strike 1 A lightning process during which electrostatic discharge occurs within a single cloud or between multiple clouds. environmental_hazards lightning flash A blizzard is a severe snowstorm during which snowfall is transported by strong winds, sustained for several hours. environmental_hazards envoPolar To qualify a snowstorm as a blizzard, some sources require the windspeed to be at least 56 km/h and the duration of the storm to be at least three hours. We set no such hard boundaries in this definition, as this should be done with reference to local standards. blizzard A blizzard is a severe snowstorm during which snowfall is transported by strong winds, sustained for several hours. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blizzard To qualify a snowstorm as a blizzard, some sources require the windspeed to be at least 56 km/h and the duration of the storm to be at least three hours. We set no such hard boundaries in this definition, as this should be done with reference to local standards. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blizzard A ground blizzard is a storm during which snow which has settled on a planetary surface is resuspended in and transported through its atmosphere by strong winds, sustained for several hours. environmental_hazards This form of blizzard does not involve snowfall as the snow which is blown by the winds is already present on the ground. To qualify a snowstorm as a blizzard, some sources require the windspeed to be at least 56 km/h and the duration of the storm to be at least three hours. We set no such hard boundaries in this definition, as this should be done with reference to local standards. ground blizzard A ground blizzard is a storm during which snow which has settled on a planetary surface is resuspended in and transported through its atmosphere by strong winds, sustained for several hours. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blizzard This form of blizzard does not involve snowfall as the snow which is blown by the winds is already present on the ground. To qualify a snowstorm as a blizzard, some sources require the windspeed to be at least 56 km/h and the duration of the storm to be at least three hours. We set no such hard boundaries in this definition, as this should be done with reference to local standards. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blizzard A lentic water body which is used for the artificial culture of shrimp. There are multiple subclasses possible for this term, including ponds managed by the traditional (extensive), improved traditional (semi-intensive), and intensive methods of cultivation. "Shrimp" is a common language term that may refer to multiple crustacean species, typically in the groups Caridea or Dendrobranchiatamarine. These may be marine or freshwater organisms. shrimp pond A lentic water body which is used for the artificial culture of shrimp. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8260-7097 http://www.fao.org/3/contents/76b2641d-29e4-51b0-b9e5-6ca46beb0d9f/AC210E02.htm http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrimp_farming A process during which humans rear animals or plants in bodies of water for harvest and consumption. Expand the sites of occurrence listed as axioms as new terms emerge. aquatic farming In 1988, the FAO introduced a definition of aquaculture which reduces its confusion with capture fisheries: Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms, including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants. Farming implies some form of intervention in the rearing process to enhance production, such as regular stocking, feeding, protection from predators, etc. Farming also implies individual or corporate ownership of the stock being cultivated. For statistical purposes, aquatic organisms which are harvested by an individual or corporate body which has owned them throughout their rearing period contribute to aquaculture, while aquatic organisms which are exploitable by the public as a common property resources, with or without appropriate licences, are the harvest of fisheries. aquaculture process A process during which humans rear animals or plants in bodies of water for harvest and consumption. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 An archeological site which contains holes humans had dug in the ground, or their remnants, for the purpose of storing and distributing food, drink, and both functional or ritualistic implements during communal eating and drinking. Feasting pits had a wide variety of social functions throughout time, which extended in scope from the single family group to multiple tribes or villages. feasting pit site An archeological site which contains holes humans had dug in the ground, or their remnants, for the purpose of storing and distributing food, drink, and both functional or ritualistic implements during communal eating and drinking. Pappa, M., Halstead, P., Kotsakis, K., & Urem-Kotsou, D. (2004). Evidence for large-scale feasting at Late Neolithic Makriyalos, N Greece. Food, cuisine and society in prehistoric Greece, 5, 16. Romero, D., & Lauzon, A. (2015). The Art of Feasting: Style and Identity in a Ritual Area at the Harris Site. In. In L. Ludeman (Ed.), Collected Papers from the 18th Biennial Mogollon Archaeology Conference (pp. 43-50). Las Cruces, New Mexico: Privately published by Lonnie Ludeman. A river which is heated by geothermal processes such as heat exchange with lava or hydrothermal percolation. boiling river A key example is the Boiling River, or Shanay-timpishka, of the Peruvian Amazon. This river is of high cultural significance and is protected by the shaman of the small town Mayantuyacu, a secluded healing center. geothermally heated river A river which is heated by geothermal processes such as heat exchange with lava or hydrothermal percolation. http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/the-boiling-river-of-the-amazon A key example is the Boiling River, or Shanay-timpishka, of the Peruvian Amazon. This river is of high cultural significance and is protected by the shaman of the small town Mayantuyacu, a secluded healing center. http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/the-boiling-river-of-the-amazon A surface layer of a solid environmental material which is formed by the presence and activity of photosynthetic microbial assemblages colonising it. biological crust biocrust A surface layer of a solid environmental material which is formed by the presence and activity of photosynthetic microbial assemblages colonising it. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10373 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_soil_crust A biocrust which is formed by photosynthetic microbial assemblages colonising the surface layer of a portion of arid soil. Through their successional dynamics, these communities reduce the soil surface's albedo, impart it with stability against erosion, modify its hydrology, and promote its fertility. biological soil crust cryptobiotic soil cryptogamic soil microbiotic soil microphytic soil soil biological crust Couradeau et al. (2016) assert that any albedo reductions associated with biocrust development are due largely to the accumulation of the microbial sunscreen, scytonemin. soil biocrust A biocrust which is formed by photosynthetic microbial assemblages colonising the surface layer of a portion of arid soil. Through their successional dynamics, these communities reduce the soil surface's albedo, impart it with stability against erosion, modify its hydrology, and promote its fertility. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10373 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_soil_crust Couradeau et al. (2016) assert that any albedo reductions associated with biocrust development are due largely to the accumulation of the microbial sunscreen, scytonemin. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10373 An electronic telecommunications device that enables the customers of a financial institution to perform financial transactions, particularly cash withdrawal, without the need for a human cashier, clerk or bank teller. automated banking machine automatic teller machine automatic telling machine bankomat cash machine cashline cashpoint minibank automated teller machine An electronic telecommunications device that enables the customers of a financial institution to perform financial transactions, particularly cash withdrawal, without the need for a human cashier, clerk or bank teller. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00226-16 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_teller_machine A solid or liquid particle, usually 0.2 micrometers in diameter, on which water vapour condenses, seeding cloud formation. CCN cloud seed envoPolar cloud condensation nucleus A solid or liquid particle, usually 0.2 micrometers in diameter, on which water vapour condenses, seeding cloud formation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_condensation_nuclei A process during which a solid particle or liquid droplet catalyses the condensation of water vapour in an atmosphere. cloud seeding process nucleation of cloud condensation A process during which a solid particle or liquid droplet catalyses the condensation of water vapour in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_condensation_nuclei An environmental zone which overlaps a glacier or an ice sheet, and in which ice loss exceeds ice gain. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar ablation zone An environmental zone which overlaps a glacier or an ice sheet, and in which ice loss exceeds ice gain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ablation_zone A material decumulation process during which the mass of an existing ice mass decreases in size. Ice loss could likely become a defined class with some equivalence axioms linking it to processes, along the lines of: 'has part' some (icemelt or 'ice calving process' or 'water ice sublimation process'). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 ice loss envoPolar ice loss process A material decumulation process during which the mass of an existing ice mass decreases in size. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3522 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ablation_zone A mass wasting process during which refuse from human activities, usually accumulated at a dumping site, falls down a slope under the force of gravity. Of interest to sustainable development goals, linking production and consumption to human health and environmental impacts. garbage landslide refuse landslide trash landslide environmental_hazards "At least 48 people have been killed in a landslide at a vast rubbish dump on the outskirts of Ethiopia's capital Addis Ababa, officials say...Hundreds of people attempt to make a living by scavenging at the landfill site, sifting through the rubbish for items they can sell, the BBC's Emmanuel Igunza in Addis Ababa reports" BBC Africa reports rubbish landslide A mass wasting process during which refuse from human activities, usually accumulated at a dumping site, falls down a slope under the force of gravity. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-39247381 A process during which a part of an ice mass breaks away from the main mass. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar ice calving process A process during which a part of an ice mass breaks away from the main mass. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3522 An animal house which is only partially surrounded by a building envelope. open animal house An ice loss process which occurs in the low-altitude area of a glacier or ice sheet below the firn layer. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar glacial ice ablation process An ice loss process which occurs in the low-altitude area of a glacier or ice sheet below the firn layer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3522 A sublimation process during which water ice transitions into a gaseous state. envoPolar water ice sublimation process An animal house which has a complete building envelope. closed animal house A manufactured cage which may be used to confine, contain, or protect an animal. cage animal cage A manufactured cage which may be used to confine, contain, or protect an animal. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cage_(enclosure) A petting zoo is a zoological garden which contains domesticated non-human animals and some wild non-human animals that are docile enough for humans to touch and feed. petting farm children's zoo Petting zoos are often nested within a zoological garden featuring wild non-human animals, not docile enough for humans to touch. petting zoo A petting zoo is a zoological garden which contains domesticated non-human animals and some wild non-human animals that are docile enough for humans to touch and feed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petting_zoo An artificial channel which transports unwanted water or waste liquids away from their source, either to a more useful area, a receptacle, or into sewers or stormwater mains as waste discharge to be released or processed. drain drainage channel plumbing drain An artificial channel which transports unwanted water or waste liquids away from their source, either to a more useful area, a receptacle, or into sewers or stormwater mains as waste discharge to be released or processed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drain_(plumbing) A facility in which non-human animals are slaughtered and processed for human consumption. slaughterhouse meat processing building abattoir A facility in which non-human animals are slaughtered and processed for human consumption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaughterhouse A facility in which non-human animals are slaughtered and processed, but not for human consumption. knacker's yard Animals killed in knacker's yards are not fit for human consumption or can no longer be used to perform work. knackery A facility in which non-human animals are slaughtered and processed, but not for human consumption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaughterhouse A building which is used to care for a human child during the working day by a person, outside the child's immediate family, other than that child's legal guardians. child care building This is a kind of day care facility. A facility need not be a building. day care building A building which is used to care for a human child during the working day by a person, outside the child's immediate family, other than that child's legal guardians. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_care A building in which fish are subject to a series of operations to prepare them for human consumption. fish factory This is a kind of fish processing facility. Facilities need not be buildings, factory ships may be considered fish processing facilities. fish processing building A building in which fish are subject to a series of operations to prepare them for human consumption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_factory An environment determined by the presence of a mushroom. mushroom environment An ecosystem which bridges two or more adjoining ecosystems and through which organisms may move or propagate. animal corridor green corridor habitat corridor wildlife corridor Ecological corridors may or may not provide habitats for the organisms which move through them. They serve to mitigate the effects of habitat fragmentation by allowing genetic exchange between populations that would otherwise be separated by, e.g., human activity. ecological corridor An ecosystem which bridges two or more adjoining ecosystems and through which organisms may move or propagate. http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/10510 https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/3756 An ecological corridor through which organisms move during a migration process. Should be axiomatised with PCO's migration process once it is released. migration corridor migratory route envoPolar This term refers to the ecosystem(s) the organisms traverse, rather than the spatial track they cover. The latter is better placed in a geospatial ontology. migration path A building in which nursing aides and skilled nurses provide care and treatment to residents who have significant difficulty coping with the required activities of daily living. This class should be linked to SDGIO. intermediate care facility long-term care facility skilled nursing facility care home convalescent home rest home nursing home A building in which nursing aides and skilled nurses provide care and treatment to residents who have significant difficulty coping with the required activities of daily living. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursing_home_care A human house which serves as a long-term shelter for its inhabitants and within which they store personal property. This is under "human house" due to the broad definition of "house". This term is not to be used for hotels, hostels, inns and the like, which provides shorter-term stays. residential building A building within which food and drink are prepared and served to customers in exchange for money or other goods and/or services. eatery restaurant A building within which food and drink are prepared and served to customers in exchange for money or other goods and/or services. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restaurant A part of an ecosystem which may be or has been used for one or more overnight stays by humans sheltering in tents, camper vans, caravans, or improvised shelters. This is a very ambiguous term with wide-ranging usage patterns across cultural groups and regions. camping ground camping pitch camping site campsite campground A part of an ecosystem which may be or has been used for one or more overnight stays by humans sheltering in tents, camper vans, caravans, or improvised shelters. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campsite A campground which has been modified by humans to provide and maintain facilities for camping such as fire pits, road access, latrines, and garbage bins. dedicated campground A campground which has been modified by humans to provide and maintain facilities for camping such as fire pits, road access, latrines, and garbage bins. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campsite A campground which has no pre-existing facilities installed or maintained by humans, usually found outside of anthropised ecosystems. impromptu campground A campground which has no pre-existing facilities installed or maintained by humans, usually found outside of anthropised ecosystems. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campsite A manufactured product which may hold a volume of heated water suitable for one or more humans to bathe in, usually for the purposes of hydrotherapy or pleasure. spa Jacuzzi hot tub A manufactured product which may hold a volume of heated water suitable for one or more humans to bathe in, usually for the purposes of hydrotherapy or pleasure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_tub An open system in non-equilibrium with its environment that exhibits time translation symmetry breaking. space-time crystal While the usage of the term is still debated, the general idea is that time crystals (which have been made using ytterbium ions and defect-bearing diamonds) break temporal symmetry analogously to how mineral crystal break spatial symmetry. While spatial crystals are inhomogeneous in space (vs a gas, which is distributed evenly) due to the ordering of their atoms, the properties of atoms in a time crystal are inhomogeneous in the time dimension. time crystal An open system in non-equilibrium with its environment that exhibits time translation symmetry breaking. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_crystal https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/543164a Water which is partially contained within a fissure or a geological fracture. The axiomatisation should be more tuned to the site within the fissure. fracture water While containment is often enough to classify this subtype of water, it is expected that the water's composition is altered by contact with the solid material bounding the fissure's site. fissure water Water which is partially contained within a fissure or a geological fracture. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/466 1 Regions of a planet which are not exposed to the planet's atmosphere or space, often comprising parts of one or more planetary structural layers. planetary subsurface zone A region which overlaps parts of one or more planetary structural layers which are located below a continental landmass. We may have to soften dependence on planetary structural layers as some planets haven't differentiated by density. continental subsurface zone A region which overlaps parts of one or more planetary structural layers which are located below a continental landmass. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/466 A hill which has a surface that is partially or wholly covered by plant communities. This class will be axiomatised to coordinate with the 'vegetated area' class. vegetated hill A piece of plastic which has a diameter less than five millimetres. microplastic microplastic particle A piece of plastic which has a diameter less than five millimetres. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microplastics https://marinedebris.noaa.gov/file/2192/download?token=5dvqb-YY A microplastic particle which is the direct output of a manufacturing process. microplastic primary microplastic particle A microplastic particle which is the direct output of a manufacturing process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microplastics https://marinedebris.noaa.gov/file/2192/download?token=5dvqb-YY A microplastic particle which is derived from the breakdown of larger plastic debris. microplastic The debris that make up the Great Pacific Garbage Patch constantly release microplastics as they break down. secondary microplastic particle A microplastic particle which is derived from the breakdown of larger plastic debris. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microplastics https://marinedebris.noaa.gov/file/2192/download?token=5dvqb-YY 2 An envirommental system which bridges two or more biomes and which includes ecological communities which blend these biomes' phylogenetic and phenotypic compositions. There are many subtypes of ecotone, some with sharp transitions and others with gradual, patchy transitions between communities. From Wikipedia:Ecotone - The word ecotone was coined from a combination of eco(logy) plus -tone, from the Greek tonos or tension – in other words, a place where ecologies are in tension. ecotone An envirommental system which bridges two or more biomes and which includes ecological communities which blend these biomes' phylogenetic and phenotypic compositions. ISBN:0030584140 9780030584145 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecotone https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/501 https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ecotone An ecotone which bridges a subpolar coniferous forest biome and a tundra biome. This assumes, of course, that the planet's or planetoid's poles receive less stellar radiation and/or thermal energy than equatorial regions. Arctic tree-line ecotone Major vegetational ecotones such as that between the northern edge of the Boreal Forest in North America (or taiga in Russia) and the arctic tundra, known as the arctic tree-line ecotone, are controlled largely by large-scale airmass contrasts and are sensitive to climatic change, as noted by R. A. Bryson (1966). Harvey Nichols, Ph.D. , April 23, 2017 Emeritus Professor of Biology. polar tree-line ecotone An ecotone which bridges a subpolar coniferous forest biome and a tundra biome. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_line https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/501 A woodland which has an understory partially covered by lichen mats and tundra-like vegetation. lichen woodland A woodland which has an understory partially covered by lichen mats and tundra-like vegetation. https://www.britannica.com/science/taiga#ref589262 A material transformation process during which water ice is formed. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar water ice formation process A material transformation process during which water ice is formed. http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Re-St/Sea-Water-Freezing-of.html An environmental system in which minimal to no anthropisation has occurred and non-human agents are the primary determinants of the system's dynamics and composition. non-anthropised environment non-anthropized environment In most contexts, 'natural' is defined by the lack of intervention or influence by humans and their activities. On Earth, most environments fall on a scale between completely natural and anthropised. natural environment An environmental system in which minimal to no anthropisation has occurred and non-human agents are the primary determinants of the system's dynamics and composition. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environment A process during which a natural environmental system is altered by human action. anthropization An area may be classified as anthropized even though it looks natural, such as grasslands that have been deforested by humans. It can be difficult to determine how much a site has been anthropized in the case of urbanization because one must be able to estimate the state of the landscape before significant human action. anthropisation A process during which a natural environmental system is altered by human action. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization An area may be classified as anthropized even though it looks natural, such as grasslands that have been deforested by humans. It can be difficult to determine how much a site has been anthropized in the case of urbanization because one must be able to estimate the state of the landscape before significant human action. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization An ecotone which overlaps at least one biome which supports the growth and persistence of trees and at least one that does not. Before ceasing altogether, tree growth becomes sparse and trees appear stunted as conditions become less favourable along this ecotone. tree line tree-line treeline tree line ecotone An ecotone which overlaps at least one biome which supports the growth and persistence of trees and at least one that does not. Before ceasing altogether, tree growth becomes sparse and trees appear stunted as conditions become less favourable along this ecotone. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_line A tree line ecotone across which trees cease to grow due to the low temperatures or duration of snow cover that occur at increased elevations above mean sea level. alpine tree line alpine tree-line alpine treeline alpine tree line ecotone A tree line ecotone across which trees cease to grow due to the low temperatures or duration of snow cover that occur at increased elevations above mean sea level. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_line A tree line ecotone across which trees cease to grow due to insufficient water availability due to a lack of water-based precipitation. desert tree line desert tree-line desert treeline desert tree line ecotone A tree line ecotone across which trees cease to grow due to insufficient water availability due to a lack of water-based precipitation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_line A tree line ecotone across which trees cease to grow due to insufficient water availability caused by exposure to increased solar radiation and a lack of rainfall. desert-alpine tree line desert-alpine tree-line desert-alpine treeline The lack of rainfall in these ecotones is often due to their elevation above the condensation line of atmospheric water vapour. desert-alpine tree line ecotone A tree line ecotone across which trees cease to grow due to insufficient water availability caused by exposure to increased solar radiation and a lack of rainfall. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_line A tree line ecotone which contains gaps in tree coverage due to decreased biodiversity in tree-forming plant species: gaps are above the alpine tree line for some species yet below the desert tree line for others, and no species with intermediate tolerances are present. double tree line double tree-line double treeline Mountain ranges isolated by oceans or deserts may have restricted repertoires of tree species and contain double tree lines. double tree line ecotone A tree line ecotone which contains gaps in tree coverage due to decreased biodiversity in tree-forming plant species: gaps are above the alpine tree line for some species yet below the desert tree line for others, and no species with intermediate tolerances are present. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_line Mountain ranges isolated by oceans or deserts may have restricted repertoires of tree species and contain double tree lines. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_line#Double_tree_line A planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals. rocky planet telluric planet Earth-like planet envoAstro terrestrial planet A planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_planet A planetary atmosphere which is formed as a result of the accretion of gaseous matter from the accretion disc of the planet's star. Planets such as Jupiter and Saturn have primary atmospheres. Primary atmospheres are very thick compared to secondary atmospheres like the one found on Earth. The primary atmosphere was lost on the terrestrial planets due to a combination of surface temperature, mass of the atoms and escape velocity of the planet. primary atmosphere A planetary atmosphere which is formed as a result of the accretion of gaseous matter from the accretion disc of the planet's star. http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast121/lectures/lec14.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_atmosphere Planets such as Jupiter and Saturn have primary atmospheres. Primary atmospheres are very thick compared to secondary atmospheres like the one found on Earth. The primary atmosphere was lost on the terrestrial planets due to a combination of surface temperature, mass of the atoms and escape velocity of the planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_atmosphere A planetary atmosphere which has formed as a result of its planet's volcanic activity, or by accumulation of material from comet impacts. A secondary atmosphere is found on many terrestrial planets such as Mercury, Venus, and Mars. Secondary atmospheres are relatively thin compared to primary atmospheres like Jupiter's. Earth has a tertiary atmosphere due to biotic processes. secondary atmosphere A planetary atmosphere which has formed as a result of its planet's volcanic activity, or by accumulation of material from comet impacts. http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast121/lectures/lec14.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_atmosphere A secondary atmosphere is found on many terrestrial planets such as Mercury, Venus, and Mars. Secondary atmospheres are relatively thin compared to primary atmospheres like Jupiter's. Earth has a tertiary atmosphere due to biotic processes. http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast121/lectures/lec14.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_atmosphere A planetary atmosphere which has formed as a result of biotic processes modifying a secondary atmosphere. This definition cites biotic processes; however, the source indicated that other processes may cause a secondary atmosphere to transition into a tertiary one. More input is needed. Further processing of a secondary atmosphere, for example by the processes of biological life, can produce a tertiary atmosphere, such as that of Earth. tertiary atmosphere A planetary atmosphere which has formed as a result of biotic processes modifying a secondary atmosphere. http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast121/lectures/lec14.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_atmosphere Further processing of a secondary atmosphere, for example by the processes of biological life, can produce a tertiary atmosphere, such as that of Earth. http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast121/lectures/lec14.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_atmosphere A sedimentary rock which is primarily composed of the fossilized, siliceous remains of diatoms mixed with varying amounts of other clays and minerals. kieselguhr kieselgur D.E. diatomaceous earth This material is easily crumbled into a fine white to off-white powder. The powder has a particle size ranging from less than 3 micrometres to more than 1 millimetre, but typically 10 to 200 micrometres. The diatoms in each deposit contain different amounts of silica, depending on the age of the deposit. The species of diatom may differ among deposits. The species of diatom is dependent upon the age and paleo-environment of the deposit. In turn, the shape of a diatom is determined by its species. The typical chemical composition of oven-dried diatomaceous earth is 80 to 90% silica, with 2 to 4% alumina (attributed mostly to clay minerals) and 0.5 to 2% iron oxide. diatomite A sedimentary rock which is primarily composed of the fossilized, siliceous remains of diatoms mixed with varying amounts of other clays and minerals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatomaceous_earth This material is easily crumbled into a fine white to off-white powder. The powder has a particle size ranging from less than 3 micrometres to more than 1 millimetre, but typically 10 to 200 micrometres. The diatoms in each deposit contain different amounts of silica, depending on the age of the deposit. The species of diatom may differ among deposits. The species of diatom is dependent upon the age and paleo-environment of the deposit. In turn, the shape of a diatom is determined by its species. The typical chemical composition of oven-dried diatomaceous earth is 80 to 90% silica, with 2 to 4% alumina (attributed mostly to clay minerals) and 0.5 to 2% iron oxide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatomaceous_earth#Geology_and_occurrence A piece of rock which is primarily composed of diatomite: the fossilized, siliceous remains of diatoms mixed with varying amounts of other clays and minerals. kieselguhr particle kieselgur particle particle of diatomaceous earth particle of diatomite piece of diatomaceous earth piece of diatomite D.E. diatomaceous earth Diatomite is easily crumbled into a fine white to off-white powder. The powder has a particle size ranging from less than 3 micrometres to more than 1 millimetre, but typically 10 to 200 micrometres. The diatoms in each deposit contain different amounts of silica, depending on the age of the deposit. The species of diatom may differ among deposits. The species of diatom is dependent upon the age and paleo-environment of the deposit. In turn, the shape of a diatom is determined by its species. The typical chemical composition of oven-dried diatomaceous earth is 80 to 90% silica, with 2 to 4% alumina (attributed mostly to clay minerals) and 0.5 to 2% iron oxide. diatomite particle A piece of rock which is primarily composed of diatomite: the fossilized, siliceous remains of diatoms mixed with varying amounts of other clays and minerals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatomaceous_earth Diatomite is easily crumbled into a fine white to off-white powder. The powder has a particle size ranging from less than 3 micrometres to more than 1 millimetre, but typically 10 to 200 micrometres. The diatoms in each deposit contain different amounts of silica, depending on the age of the deposit. The species of diatom may differ among deposits. The species of diatom is dependent upon the age and paleo-environment of the deposit. In turn, the shape of a diatom is determined by its species. The typical chemical composition of oven-dried diatomaceous earth is 80 to 90% silica, with 2 to 4% alumina (attributed mostly to clay minerals) and 0.5 to 2% iron oxide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatomaceous_earth#Geology_and_occurrence Wastewater which is produced by industrial activity and which contains chemical contaminants other than those associated with urine and fecal matter. industrial wastewater A construction which is designed to hold water in which humans may swim or perform other leisure activities. pool paddling pool swimming bath swimming pool wading pool constructed swimming pool A construction which is designed to hold water in which humans may swim or perform other leisure activities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_pool A constructed swimming pool which is owned by a non-governmental legal entity or a collective of such entities. pool swimming pool private swimming pool A constructed swimming pool which is owned by a non-governmental legal entity or a collective of such entities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_ownership https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_pool A constructed swimming pool which is owned by a governmental or state entity. pool swimming pool public swimming pool A constructed swimming pool which is owned by a governmental or state entity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_ownership https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_pool A hydraulic-engineering installation which transports water - in specified amounts, of a specified quality, and in accordance with a water-consumption plan - from a source of supply into a conduit. Sources of water include rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and other water bodies. Conduits include canals, pipelines, and tunnels. Water intakes typically transport water for purposes of hydroelectric power engineering, water supply, or irrigation. water intake A hydraulic-engineering installation which transports water - in specified amounts, of a specified quality, and in accordance with a water-consumption plan - from a source of supply into a conduit. http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Water+Intake+Works A building which provides the site for food services with little or no waiting staff furnishing table service. cafeteria A building which provides the site for food services with little or no waiting staff furnishing table service. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafeteria A food shop which sells a selection of food products that are not typical dietary components of the human population it is co-located with. The food products sold in a delicatessen are often considered unusual by the majority of its customers and may come from foreign food supplies which are not widely imported into its region of operation. delicatessen A food shop which sells a selection of food products that are not typical dietary components of the human population it is co-located with. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delicatessen A truck which is equipped to cook and sell food. Due to the facilities on board, food trucks are often larger than other trucks with comparable mechanics. food truck A truck which is equipped to cook and sell food. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_truck A restaurant which provides prepared meals or other food products that the purchaser must eat off its premises. take out restaurant take-away take-out restaurant A restaurant which provides prepared meals or other food products that the purchaser must eat off its premises. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restaurant http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 A booth with an open window on one side. The relation between booths and buildings needs to be clarified. Booth should be its own class. This definition of kiosk is characteristic of the Western hemisphere and used in English-speaking countries. kiosk A booth with an open window on one side. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiosk A kiosk from which food products are sold. The relation between booths and buildings needs to be clarified. Booth should be its own class. This definition of kiosk is characteristic of the Western hemisphere and used in English-speaking countries. food kiosk A kiosk from which food products are sold. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiosk A manufactured product which is designed to catch and hold animals. envoCesab animal trap A manufactured product which is designed to catch and hold animals. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/trap An animal trap which consists of a container set flush with the ground such that animals moving along the ground may fall in and be available for examination or collection. envoCesab pitfall trap An animal trap which consists of a container set flush with the ground such that animals moving along the ground may fall in and be available for examination or collection. Barber H (1931) Traps for cave-inhabiting insects. J Elisha Mitchell Sci Soc. 46:259–266. Hertz M (1927) Huomioita petokuoriaisten olinpaikoista. Luonnon Ystava. 31:218–222. Mitchell B (1963) Ecology of two carabid beetles, Bembidion lampros (Herbst) and Trechus quadristriatus (Shrank). J Animal Ecol. 32(3): 377-392. A pitfall trap in which a glass, plastic, or metal container devoid of accumulations of any liquid is used to contain any animal that falls inside. envoCesab dry pitfall trap A pitfall trap in which a glass, plastic, or metal container devoid of accumulations of any liquid is used to contain any animal that falls inside. Southwood TRE (1978) Ecological Methods : With Particular Reference to the Study of Insect Population. Chapman and Hall. London. 524pp. Upton MS (1991) Methods for collecting, preserving, and studying insects and allied forms. The Aust Entomological Soc. Miscellaneous Publication No. 3, 4th edition. http://www.animalethics.org.au/policies-and-guidelines/wildlife-research/pitfall-traps A pitfall trap in which the container used to hold trapped animals is filled with a liquid solution formulated to hold, kill, and preserve any animal or animals which falls within it. envoCesab Aqueous solutions used in these traps include: formalin (10% formaldehyde), alcohol, methylated spirits, trisodium phosphate and picric acid. wet pitfall trap A pitfall trap in which the container used to hold trapped animals is filled with a liquid solution formulated to hold, kill, and preserve any animal or animals which falls within it. Southwood TRE (1978) Ecological Methods : With Particular Reference to the Study of Insect Population. Chapman and Hall. London. 524pp. Upton MS (1991) Methods for collecting, preserving, and studying insects and allied forms. The Aust Entomological Soc. Miscellaneous Publication No. 3, 4th edition. http://www.animalethics.org.au/policies-and-guidelines/wildlife-research/pitfall-traps A channel of an intermittent stream which contains a river when water supply exceeds evapotranspiration and bed seepage. ephemeral river intermittent river temporary river envoCesab channel of an intermittent river A channel of an intermittent stream which contains a river when water supply exceeds evapotranspiration and bed seepage. IRBAS working group (CESAB) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermittent_river A channel through which a directional flow of water periodically occurs, ceasing when bed seepage or evapotranspiration exceed the available water supply. intermittent stream channel of an intermittent stream A channel through which a directional flow of water periodically occurs, ceasing when bed seepage or evapotranspiration exceed the available water supply. http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Intermittent+stream A process whereby a volume of liquid moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. envoPolar This class can refer to the flow of any material in a liquid phase. mass liquid flow A process whereby a volume of liquid moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind A process during which a volume of water is transported due to a disequilibria in physical forces. environmental_hazards water flow process A part of an astronomical body which includes, as parts, all the entities which have been constructed or manufactured by humans or their technology and which are within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body. envoAstro The gravitational sphere of influence referenced in this class' definition is the Hill sphere: a region in which an object dominates the attraction of satellites despite gravitational perturbations. technosphere A part of an astronomical body which includes, as parts, all the entities which have been constructed or manufactured by humans or their technology and which are within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053019616677743 http://www.yourdictionary.com/technosphere https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/11/161130085021.htm A food shop in which food products are the primary offer for sale or trade. grocery store A food shop in which food products are the primary offer for sale or trade. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 A part of an ecosystem which has been allocated to host a gathering of people for multiple entertainment or commercial activities. A good candidate to draft land use semantics around Fairgrounds, or parts thereof, may be constructed (e.g. concreted over) or be natural (e.g. clearings or heaths), thus land use is the key differentia. fairground A part of an ecosystem which has been allocated to host a gathering of people for multiple entertainment or commercial activities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairground A fairground which is used to exhibit agricultural technology, livestock, and farm-related activity. agricultural fairground A fairground which is used to exhibit agricultural technology, livestock, and farm-related activity. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairground A part of an ecosystem where people gather for the purchase and sale of provisions, livestock, and other goods. Hierarchies based on land use should replace the anthropogenic feature class once we have a stable rationale. bazaar marketplace mercado palengke souk tianguis As with campgrounds and fairgrounds, land use is the key differentia here. The regularity of marketplace activities may provide a differentia for further growth of this branch. market A part of an ecosystem where people gather for the purchase and sale of provisions, livestock, and other goods. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_(place) A food shop in which the food products on offer are restricted to those produced in a region and cultural setting other than that of the shop's locality. ethnic food store ethnic speciality shop ethnic speciality store ethnic food shop An exchangeable device which can be connected to a plumbing system to deliver and drain water. plumbing fixture An exchangeable device which can be connected to a plumbing system to deliver and drain water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbing_fixture A plumbing fixture which is bowl-shaped and used for washing hands, dishwashing, and other purposes. hand basin wash basin sink sinker washbowl sink fixture A plumbing fixture which is bowl-shaped and used for washing hands, dishwashing, and other purposes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sink A plumbing fixture which may serve as a container for water in which humans or other animals may bathe. bathtub bath tub Of course, there are other uses for bathtubs. bathtub fixture A plumbing fixture within which a human or other animal may bathe under a spray of water. As some showers have no drain, this may cause issues with the definition of plumbing fixture. shower Indoors, there is a drain in the floor. Most showers have temperature, spray pressure and adjustable showerhead nozzle. Showering is common in Western culture due to the efficiency of using it compared with a bathtub. Its use in hygiene is, therefore, common practice. A shower uses less water on average than a bath: 80 litres for a shower compared with 150 litres for a bath. shower fixture A plumbing fixture within which a human or other animal may bathe under a spray of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shower Indoors, there is a drain in the floor. Most showers have temperature, spray pressure and adjustable showerhead nozzle. Showering is common in Western culture due to the efficiency of using it compared with a bathtub. Its use in hygiene is, therefore, common practice. A shower uses less water on average than a bath: 80 litres for a shower compared with 150 litres for a bath. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shower A planned process during which raw or recycled materials are transformed into products for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation. The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale. manufacturing process A planned process during which raw or recycled materials are transformed into products for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing A manufacturing process which occurs on a planet. Whether this is within the planet's Hill sphere, the region which extends from its exosphere to its core, or some other planetary region is not clear. See https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/513 for discussion. planetary manufacturing process A dry stream channel through which a river had flowed, but now contains no appreciable accumulations of water. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000979 for the channel of an intermittent river. dry river A dry stream channel through which a river had flowed, but now contains no appreciable accumulations of water. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 An process during which natural or manufactured materials and products are processed and arranged by humans or their technology into structures. The nature of "structures" must be further specified. construction process An environmental system which is determined by materials bearing roughly homogeneous qualities. Organisational class. Not intended for annotation. environmental system determined by a quality An environmental system within which an environmental material strongly influences the system's composition and properties. Organisational class. Not intended for annotation. Subclasses describe environments which are usually permeated by an environmental material. They may also describe environments which are sufficiently close to a material, that their dynamics are strongly influenced by it (e.g. a patch of forest ecosystem neighbouring a uranium dump). environmental system determined by a material An environmental system determined by the presence of a plant rhizosphere. Plant rhizosphere envoEmpo envoOmics rhizosphere environment Plant rhizosphere http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which is determined by a living organism. host-associated environment envoEmpo envoOmics environmental system determined by an organism An environmental system determined by a green plant. Plant plant environment Viridiplantae-associated environment envoEmpo envoOmics plant-associated environment Plant http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system determined by an animal. Animal animal environment Metazoan-associated environment envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics animal-associated environment Animal http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ Non-saline envoEmpo This class (term) is defined by the lack of a quality (i.e. the lack of salinity or increased osmolarity), which is not best-practice ontologically. Use for annotation is generally discouraged and users should use classes which positively describe the material or environment sampled (i.e. stating the qualities the entity has, rather than those it does not). non-saline environment Non-saline http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ Underground water which is located in pore spaces found in rock or unconsolidated deposits such as soil, clay, or gravel. ground water The definition of aquifer is quite permissive, referencing any water bearing rock or unconsolidated material. groundwater Underground water which is located in pore spaces found in rock or unconsolidated deposits such as soil, clay, or gravel. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwater A lunar rainbow is a rainbow produced by the refraction of light, which has been reflected from a moon's surface, by water droplets in an astronomical body's atmosphere. moonbow white rainbow lunar rainbow A lunar rainbow is a rainbow produced by the refraction of light, which has been reflected from a moon's surface, by water droplets in an astronomical body's atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow A rainbow is a photometeor which consists of a spectral separation of light, formed as a result of the reflection, refraction, and dispersion of light in water droplets suspended in an astronomical body's atmosphere. The term 'rainbow' is usually used to refer to solar rainbows, but greater specificity should be used when possible. rainbow A rainbow is a photometeor which consists of a spectral separation of light, formed as a result of the reflection, refraction, and dispersion of light in water droplets suspended in an astronomical body's atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow A solar rainbow is a rainbow produced by the refraction of light. which has been emitted by a star, by water droplets in the atmosphere of an astronomical body. stellar rainbow The astronomical body where the rainbow occurs is understood to orbit the star which produces the light which forms the rainbow. solar rainbow A solar rainbow is a rainbow produced by the refraction of light. which has been emitted by a star, by water droplets in the atmosphere of an astronomical body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow A meteor is any matter- or energy-based entity which is located in the atmosphere of an astronomical body. meteor A meteor is any matter- or energy-based entity which is located in the atmosphere of an astronomical body. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/other-meteors.html A meteor that is primarily composed of light. Requires radiative phenomena to be added for axiomatisation. photometeor A meteor which is primarily composed of water. hydrometeor A meteor which is primarily composed of water. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/other-meteors.html A photometeor which is formed as a result of sudden electrostatic discharge in the atmosphere. lightning lightning flash This phenomenon is often treated as interchangeable with the process of electrostatic discharge that causes it. light emitted by lightning A meteor which is primarily composed of rock. lithometeor A rainbow which forms from sunlight which has been reflected off a body of water prior to its interaction with water droplets in an atmosphere. Not to be confused with a reflected rainbow, which is not a photometeor. reflection rainbow A rainbow which forms from sunlight which has been reflected off a body of water prior to its interaction with water droplets in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow A solar rainbow which is formed by a narrow band of wavelengths, the rest of the spectrum having been scattered away by an atmosphere. monochrome rainbow red rainbow monochrome solar rainbow A solar rainbow which is formed by a narrow band of wavelengths, the rest of the spectrum having been scattered away by an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow A rainbow which forms through the interaction of sunlight with the water droplets which constitute fog or clouds; light is diffracted by these droplets such that the photometeor appears almost white with faint reds on the sky-facing side and faint blues on the planet-facing side of the bow. fog bow Often, fogbows are treated as separate from rainbows; however, as the formation processes are much the same, we currently classify these as a subclass of rainbow pending input from domain experts. fogbow A rainbow which forms through the interaction of sunlight with the water droplets which constitute fog or clouds; light is diffracted by these droplets such that the photometeor appears almost white with faint reds on the sky-facing side and faint blues on the planet-facing side of the bow. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow A photometeor which is formed by wave interference of light refracted within water droplets which constitute mist or clouds and consists of one or more concentric, successively dimmer rings, each of which has red wavelengths distant to the glory's centre and blue wavelengths towards the centre. This is not to be confused with a circular rainbow, which is formed through different processes. glory A photometeor which is formed by wave interference of light refracted within water droplets which constitute mist or clouds and consists of one or more concentric, successively dimmer rings, each of which has red wavelengths distant to the glory's centre and blue wavelengths towards the centre. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glory_(optical_phenomenon) A photometeor which is produced by light that is relected, refracted, and dispersed by ice crystals, capable of acting as prisms and mirrors, suspended in an astronomical body's atmosphere. halo A photometeor which is produced by light that is relected, refracted, and dispersed by ice crystals, capable of acting as prisms and mirrors, suspended in an astronomical body's atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halo_(optical_phenomenon) Water which has a very high concentration of nutrients. The thresholds of eutrophy are fluid and often locally defined. hypereutrophic water Water which has a very high concentration of nutrients. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/528 A lake which is composed primarily of water with very high nutrient concentrations. hypereutrophic lake A lake which is composed primarily of water with very high nutrient concentrations. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/529 A lake which is primarily composed of water with a concentration of dissolved salts greater than that of ocean water. hypersaline lake A lake which is primarily composed of water with a concentration of dissolved salts greater than that of ocean water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersaline_lake A lake which is composed primarily water with high concentrations of humic substances and organic acids, resulting in brown- or tea-coloured colouration. dystrophic lake In response to historical misuse of the term in literature, these lakes are better referred to as "humic lakes". Although dystrophic lakes are often considered acidic and nutrient-poor (oligotrophic), these lakes actually vary greatly in terms of both pH and productivity. Due to the low pH associated with dystrophic lakes, few bacterial species and other aquatic life are able to survive. They are common in the taiga of North America and Eurasia. humic lake A lake which is composed primarily water with high concentrations of humic substances and organic acids, resulting in brown- or tea-coloured colouration. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystrophic_lake In response to historical misuse of the term in literature, these lakes are better referred to as "humic lakes". Although dystrophic lakes are often considered acidic and nutrient-poor (oligotrophic), these lakes actually vary greatly in terms of both pH and productivity. Due to the low pH associated with dystrophic lakes, few bacterial species and other aquatic life are able to survive. They are common in the taiga of North America and Eurasia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystrophic_lake A lake which has formed as the result of processes that are not or are only minimally driven by human activity. This class is to be filled by inference. natural lake A process during which energy is emitted or transmitted in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium. Requires addition of waves for full axiomatisation. This should be linked to "subatomic particle" with an "or". Note that ENVO represents space as an environmental material (a hard vacuum with sparse material inclusions). environmental_hazards envoAstro radiation A process during which energy is emitted or transmitted in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation A radiation process during which energy is transmitted or emitted by means of fast-moving subatomic particles. environmental_hazards envoAstro particle radiation A radiation process during which energy is transmitted or emitted by means of fast-moving subatomic particles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_radiation A particle radiation process during which subatomic particles move in the same direction. environmental_hazards envoAstro particle beam radiation A particle radiation process during which subatomic particles move in the same direction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_radiation A radiation process during which waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field propagate (radiate) through space carrying electromagnetic energy. environmental_hazards envoAstro Note that this class is concerned only with active radiative processes: static electric and magnetic fields are not inlcuded. All electromagnetic radiation carries radiant energy. electromagnetic radiation A radiation process during which waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field propagate (radiate) through space carrying electromagnetic energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation A radiation process during which mechanical waves generated by oscillations radiate through an environmental material. envoAstro The mechanical waves generated by this process are also referred to as pressure waves. acoustic radiation A radiation process during which mechanical waves generated by oscillations radiate through an environmental material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_wave https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibration Sediment which has its porespace filled by water which has very low levels of sodium chloride and/or other salts. envoEmpo envoOmics We do not specify numeric thresholds for saline vs. non-saline here, as this is variable. Consider specifying this on the information and/or data layer for your purposes. If you require an ENVO class with a fixed threshold, please request one using our issue tracker. sediment permeated by freshwater An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by feces. Animal distal gut envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics fecal environment Animal distal gut http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ The label of this EMPO class is ambiguous, but pers. comm. with L Thompson (http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3911-1280) reveals that this is essentially limited to fecal samples. An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a bodily secretion of a metazoan. Animal secretion envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics environment determined by a metazoan secretion Animal secretion http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a substance produced by a plant. Plant secretion envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics environment determined by a plant substance Plant secretion http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a biofilm on the surface of a plant. Plant surface envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics environment determined by a biofilm on a plant surface Plant surface http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a digestive tract. Animal proximal gut envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics digestive tract environment Animal proximal gut http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ This EMPO class includes examples of microbial environments determined by the "gut intestine, gizzard, crop, lumen, [and] mucosa". An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a biofilm on the surface of a animal. Animal surface envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics environment determined by a biofilm on an animal surface Animal surface http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a biofilm on the surface of a fungus. Fungus surface envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics environment determined by a biofilm on a fungal surface Fungus surface http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ Sediment which has its porespace filled by water with increased levels of sodium chloride and other salts. envoEmpo envoOmics We do not specify numeric thresholds for saline vs. non-saline here, as this is variable. Consider specifying this on the information and/or data layer for your purposes. If you require an ENVO class with a fixed threshold, please request one using our issue tracker. sediment permeated by saline water Water which contains a slightly increased concentration of dissolved salts, relative to their concentration in freshwater. EcoLexicon:saltwater SWEETRealm:SalineWater SWEETRealm:SaltWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_water slightly salty water The United States Geological Survey classifies slightly saline water as having around 1,000 to 3,000 ppm (0.1–0.3%) of dissolved salts. slightly saline water Water which contains a moderately increased concentration of dissolved salts, relative to their concentration in freshwater. EcoLexicon:saltwater SWEETRealm:SalineWater SWEETRealm:SaltWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_water moderately salty water The United States Geological Survey classifies moderately saline water as having around 3,000 to 10,000 ppm (0.3–1%) of dissolved salts. moderately saline water Water which contains a highly increased concentration of dissolved salts, relative to their concentration in freshwater. EcoLexicon:saltwater SWEETRealm:SalineWater SWEETRealm:SaltWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_water highly salty water The United States Geological Survey classifies highly saline water as having around 10,000 to 35,000 ppm (1–3.5%) of dissolved salts. highly saline water An environment which is determined by materials which bear significant concentrations of salts. Saline envoEmpo The thresholds for "significant" concentrations of salts vary widely and thus no committment is made in this class. Subclasses with more explicit thresholds can be made upon request. saline environment Saline http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system determined by a fungal structure. Fungus fungus environment fungus-associated environment envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics fungi-associated environment Fungus http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by sterile water. Negative envoEmpo envoOmics This term can be understood as a negative experimental control primarily composed of sterile water. The quantity of sterile water used may be contaminated; to express pure sterile water, please use http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00005791 sterile water environment Negative http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by hypersaline water. Hypersaline (saline) envoEmpo envoOmics envoPolar hypersaline water environment Hypersaline (saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ Examples inlcude water from hypersaline samples or brines (>50 psu) An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by soil. Soil (non-saline) envoEmpo envoOmics soil environment Soil (non-saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ A region which overlaps parts of one or more planetary structural layers which are located below an oceanic plate. We may have to soften dependence on planetary structural layers as some planets haven't differentiated by density. oceanic subsurface zone A region which overlaps parts of one or more planetary structural layers which are located below an oceanic plate. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/466 An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by the subsurface zone of a planet. envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics planetary subsurface environment An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by those parts of a planetary subsurface zone which are not saline. Subsurface (non-saline) envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics non-saline planetary subsurface environment Subsurface (non-saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by sediment. envoEmpo envoOmics sediment environment An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by sediment permeated by non-saline water. Sediment (non-saline) envoEmpo envoOmics non-saline sediment environment Sediment (non-saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by sediment permeated by saline water. Sediment (saline) envoEmpo envoOmics saline sediment environment Sediment (saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a biofilm on a surface which is exposed to non-saline materials. Surface (non-saline) envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics environment determined by a biofilm on a non-saline surface Surface (non-saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by an aerosol. Aerosol (saline) envoEmpo envoOmics aerosol environment Aerosol (saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a saline aerosol. Aerosol (saline) envoEmpo envoOmics saline aerosol environment Aerosol (saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ seaspray or other aerosolized saline material (>5 psu) An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by an aerosol with a low concentration of dissolved solutes. Aerosol (non-saline) envoEmpo envoOmics non-saline aerosol environment Aerosol (non-saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ aerosolized dust or liquid An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead animal, or a whole small animal. Animal corpus envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics environment associated with an animal part or small animal Animal corpus http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a biofilm on a surface which is exposed to saline materials. Surface (saline) envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics environment determined by a biofilm on a saline surface Surface (saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead plant, or a whole small plant. Plant corpus envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics environment associated with a plant part or small plant Plant corpus http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead fungus. Fungus corpus envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics environment associated with a fungal tissue Fungus corpus http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ A cell culture which is composed of a microbial community of known composition. Mock community envoEmpo envoOmics Mock communities are typically used as positive controls in experiments. mock community Mock community http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ A cell culture which is composed of a single population of bacterial or archaeal cells. Single strain envoEmpo envoOmics single strain cell culture Single strain http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ A lake which is contained within a caldera. caldera lake A lake which is contained within a caldera. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_lake A lake contained within a crater. Note that this class does not commit to what kind of crater contains the lake in question. Please see the subclasses for more specificity. crater lake A lake contained within a crater. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_lake Water which has an appreciable concentration of dissolved oxygen. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-21T06:05:53Z The threshold dissolved oxygen concentration past which water is considered oxic is variable. Typically, this is understood as the concentration at and beyond which organisms inhabiting that water can sustain aerobic metabolism and good health. For most systems, this is above 80% oxygen saturation. Input is welcome here https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/536 oxic water Water which has an appreciable concentration of dissolved oxygen. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoxia_(environmental) Water depleted of dissolved oxygen. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-21T06:05:53Z As with oxic and anoxic water, the thresholds for hypoxia are variable. Typically, a hypoxic state is asserted when dissolved oxygen levels decrease to a level where they have detrimental effects on aerobic aquatic organisms, typically below 30% oxygen saturation. hypoxic water Water depleted of dissolved oxygen. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoxia_(environmental) A lake which is contained in a crater formed by a meteorite impact. meteorite crater lake meteorite impact crater lake meteorite lake A lake which is contained in a crater formed by a meteorite impact. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Meteorite_.28extraterrestrial_impact.2F_crater.29_lakes 2 An impact event is a collision between astronomical objects resulting in changes in one or both of those objects. impact event An impact event is a collision between astronomical objects resulting in changes in one or both of those objects. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_event An impact event during which a meteoroid collides with another astronomical body. meterorite impact An impact event during which a meteoroid collides with another astronomical body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_event An astronomical body which is composed of rocky or metallic materials and is considerably smaller than asteroids. envoAstro meteoroid An astronomical body which is composed of rocky or metallic materials and is considerably smaller than asteroids. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoroid A material which is composed primarily of one or more pure metals and which shows their properties. Far more axiomatisation can be done should the qualities of metals be added to PATO or a similar quality ontology. However, note that there are many exceptions to the typical qualities of the majority of metals. metal While this class allows for some degree of contamination by non-metal substances, the material represented should show at least some of the typical features of a pure metal: hardness (except for liquid metals), opacity, lustre, malleability, fusibility, ductile and good electrical and thermal conductivity. metallic material A material which is composed primarily of one or more pure metals and which shows their properties. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal A lake which is contained in a crater formed by an impact event. impact crater lake A lake which is contained in a crater formed by an impact event. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Meteorite_.28extraterrestrial_impact.2F_crater.29_lakes A crater which was formed as a result of the impact of one astronomical body on another. SWEETRealm:ImpactCrater impact crater A crater which was formed as a result of the impact of one astronomical body on another. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_crater A lake which is primarily composed of anoxic water. anaerobic lake anoxic lake A lake which has a hypolimnion composed primarily of anoxic water. anoxic lake lake with an anoxic hypolimnion A lake which has a hypolimnion composed primarily of anoxic water. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1984.29.1.0111 A lake which has a hypolimnion composed primarily of anoxic water. anoxic lake lake with a hypoxic hypolimnion A lake which has a hypolimnion composed primarily of anoxic water. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1984.29.1.0111 A lake which is primarily composed of anoxic water. oxygen-poor lake oxygen-depleted lake hypoxic lake A lake which is primarily composed of oxic water. oxygenated lake aerobic lake oxic lake A lake which has a hypolimnion composed primarily of oxic water. aerobic lake oxic lake lake with an oxic hypolimnion A lake which has a hypolimnion composed primarily of oxic water. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1984.29.1.0111 Environmental variability which inheres in an astronomical body part or in outer space. This class refers to all weather, including atmospheric and space weather. Please use a subclass for more specificity. weather Environmental variability which inheres in an astronomical body part or in outer space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_weather https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather Weather which inheres in an atmosphere. This class refers to the common usage of "weather", referencing the state of a (part of) an astronomical body's atmosphere. atmospheric weather Weather which inheres in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather Weather which inheres in outer space. space weather Weather which inheres in outer space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_weather A condition which inheres in an environmental system by virtue of that system undergoing variation in its composition, the distribution of the qualities its components bear, and/or in the processes which occur within it and which it participates in. This class is very general, but the nature of environmental variability is indeed quite variable. This class may be refined once we have more subclasses to consider. environmental variability The disposition of an environmental system, particularly those influencing atmospheres, to manifest a cyclic pattern of weather over time. The current alignment of "climate" under BFO:disposition is drawing from its very useful etymology (Ancient Greek klima, meaning inclination). The climatic conditions currently used to axiomatise biomes (polar, tropical, etc) may be better placed under this class. Climate is commonly defined as the weather averaged, or otherwise summarised, over a period of time much longer than the duration of any phenomenon that constitutes weather. The standard averaging period is 30 years, but other periods may be used depending on the purpose. climate The disposition of an environmental system, particularly those influencing atmospheres, to manifest a cyclic pattern of weather over time. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate Climate is commonly defined as the weather averaged, or otherwise summarised, over a period of time much longer than the duration of any phenomenon that constitutes weather. The standard averaging period is 30 years, but other periods may be used depending on the purpose. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate A process during which water vapour condensing in the atmosphere aggregates into clouds. cloud formation cloud formation process A process during which water vapour condensing in the atmosphere aggregates into clouds. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_condensation_nuclei A process during which microscopic solid or liquid objects are formed. particle formation particulate matter formation process A process during which microscopic solid or liquid objects are formed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates An aerosol formation process which occurs in an atmosphere. atmospheric aerosol formation formation of particles in an atmosphere atmospheric aerosol formation An aerosol formation process which occurs in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A process during which an aerosol, consisting of solid particulates suspended in a gas, is formed in an atmosphere. formation of solid particles in an atmosphere formation of a solid aerosol in an atmosphere A process during which an aerosol, consisting of solid particulates suspended in a gas, is formed in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A process during which an aerosol, consisting of droplets of liquid suspended in gas, is formed in an atmosphere. formation of liquid droplets in an atmosphere formation of liquid particles in an atmosphere formation of a liquid aerosol in an atmosphere A process during which an aerosol, consisting of droplets of liquid suspended in gas, is formed in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates An aerosol which is primarily composed of liquid droplets. SWEETRealm:Aerosol liquid aerosol An aerosol which is primarily composed of liquid droplets. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol An aerosol which is primarily composed of solid particles. SWEETRealm:Aerosol solid aerosol An aerosol which is primarily composed of solid particles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere. atmospheric formation of a solid aerosol formation of a solid aerosol in an atmosphere formation of a solid aerosol in the atmosphere formation of solid particles from gaseous material in an atmosphere formation of a solid aerosol from gaseous material in an atmosphere A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A process during which microscopic liquid droplets are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere. atmospheric formation of a liquid aerosol formation of a liquid aerosol in an atmosphere formation of a liquid aerosol in the atmosphere formation of liquid droplets from gaseous material in an atmosphere formation of liquid particles from gaseous material in an atmosphere formation of a liquid aerosol from gaseous material in an atmosphere A process during which microscopic liquid droplets are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A lake which is contained in a depression formed by the deformation and resulting lateral and vertical movements of a lithosphere. tectonic lake A lake which is contained in a depression formed by the deformation and resulting lateral and vertical movements of a lithosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Tectonic_lakes A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move. tectonic movement A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates 2 A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move towards one another. convergent tectonic movement A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move towards one another. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_boundary https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics 2 A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move away from one another. constructive tectonic movement extensional tectonic movement divergent tectonic movement A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move away from one another. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divergent_boundary https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics 2 A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move along each other in a predominantly horizontal manner, either in a sinistral (left lateral) or dextral (right lateral) direction. conservative tectonic movement transform tectonic movement A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move along each other in a predominantly horizontal manner, either in a sinistral (left lateral) or dextral (right lateral) direction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transform_fault A part of a lithosphere which is separated by other such parts by geographic faults or similar geomorphological discontinuities. tectonic plate A part of a lithosphere which is separated by other such parts by geographic faults or similar geomorphological discontinuities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates 2 A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates move towards, away from, or along one another, resulting in deformation of the lithosphere. tectonic plate boundary A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates move towards, away from, or along one another, resulting in deformation of the lithosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates are actively moving away from one another, resulting in deformation of the lithosphere that forms rifts or ridges. constructive boundary constructive plate boundary divergent boundary extensional boundary extensional plate boundary divergent plate boundary A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates are actively moving away from one another, resulting in deformation of the lithosphere that forms rifts or ridges. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_boundary https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates are actively moving towards one another, resulting in deformation of the lithosphere that forces one plate below the other where it melts in the mantle. convergent boundary destructive boundary destructive plate boundary convergent plate boundary A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates are actively moving towards one another, resulting in deformation of the lithosphere that forces one plate below the other where it melts in the mantle. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_boundary https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates are actively moving along one another in either a sinistral (left lateral) or dextral (right lateral) horizontal direction. This class overlaps with the semantics of geographic faults and further work needs to be done to disentangle them. transform boundary transform fault transform plate boundary A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates are actively moving along one another in either a sinistral (left lateral) or dextral (right lateral) horizontal direction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_boundary https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics A convergent tectonic movement process during which one plate moves under another and is forced or sinks due to gravity into a mantle. subduction tectonic plate subduction A convergent tectonic movement process during which one plate moves under another and is forced or sinks due to gravity into a mantle. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_boundary https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subduction An organic material which is primarily composed of dead particulate matter. detritus An organic material which is primarily composed of dead particulate matter. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detritus An environmental zone in which extensional tectonic processes occur and where the lithosphere is being pulled apart. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 rift envoPolar rift zone An environmental zone in which extensional tectonic processes occur and where the lithosphere is being pulled apart. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rift A lake which fills a basin that has been dammed by wind-blown sand, formed between sand dunes oriented by winds; or formed by wind action under previously arid paleoenvironments. aeolian lake A lake which fills a basin that has been dammed by wind-blown sand, formed between sand dunes oriented by winds; or formed by wind action under previously arid paleoenvironments. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Aeolian_lakes A lake which fills a depression where drainage is blocked by solid material transported by a landslide. landslide lake A lake which fills a depression where drainage is blocked by solid material transported by a landslide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Landslide_lakes A lake which fills a depression where drainage is blocked by solid material transported by a rockslide. rockslide lake A lake which fills a depression where drainage is blocked by solid material transported by a rockslide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Landslide_lakes A rockslide is a process whereby a large mass of rock moves down a hill or a mountainside. rockslip environmental_hazards rockslide process A rockslide is a process whereby a large mass of rock moves down a hill or a mountainside. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_wasting A succession of swirling vortices caused by the unsteady separation of flow of a fluid around one or more blunt bodies. Kármán vortex street von Kármán vortex street These vortices are responsible for such phenomena as the "singing" of suspended telephone or power lines, and the vibration of a car antenna at certain speeds. Karman vortex street A succession of swirling vortices caused by the unsteady separation of flow of a fluid around one or more blunt bodies. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_vortex_street An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components. This class will be primarily filled by inference, any environmental system which necessarily includes living parts should be autoclassified here. ecosystem An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem A channel which was formed as a result of an annelid burrowing through soil, where organic residues lining the burrow have subsequently initiated fossilization. fossil worm burrow A channel which was formed as a result of an annelid burrowing through soil, where organic residues lining the burrow have subsequently initiated fossilization. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070920 A process during which organic substances are replaced with mineral substrances, maintaining part of their anatomical organisation. fossilization fossilization of organic material A process during which organic substances are replaced with mineral substrances, maintaining part of their anatomical organisation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil#Fossilization_processes Material which is primarily conposed of the vegetation present in tended pastures: mainly grasses, with an interspersion of legumes and other forbs. forage forage material Material which is primarily conposed of the vegetation present in tended pastures: mainly grasses, with an interspersion of legumes and other forbs. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasture A physical space, which may or may not be in a construction, which is used to store animal feed for agricultural purposes. This should be moved to "zone", and inference should be used to link to agricultural feature. feed storage feed storage space A physical space, which may or may not be in a construction, which is used to store animal feed for agricultural purposes. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 A physical space, which may or may not be in a construction, which is used to store animal manure for agricultural purposes. This should be moved to "zone", and inference should be used to link to agricultural feature. manure storage manure storage space A physical space, which may or may not be in a construction, which is used to store animal manure for agricultural purposes. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 Manure which has been collected directly or indirectly from dairy cattle, as from flushing of manure from concrete feed lanes, free stalls, and milking facilities. bovine dairy liquid manure Manure which has been collected directly or indirectly from dairy cattle, as from flushing of manure from concrete feed lanes, free stalls, and milking facilities. http://manuremanagement.ucdavis.edu/files/134369.pdf http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 Manure which is composed primarily of the feces of poultry. poultry manure Manure which is composed primarily of the feces of poultry. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 Manure which has been subjected to heat treatment for solidification and/or sterilization purposes. heat-treated animal manure Manure which has been subjected to heat treatment for solidification and/or sterilization purposes. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 Manure which has been subjected to a natural process of 'rotting' or decomposition of its organic matter content by microorganisms under controlled conditions. composted animal manure Manure which has been subjected to a natural process of 'rotting' or decomposition of its organic matter content by microorganisms under controlled conditions. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 A product which is composed primarily of animal manure that has been heat treated and packaged as a product for commercial or consumer use. animal manure product A product which is composed primarily of animal manure that has been heat treated and packaged as a product for commercial or consumer use. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 Organic material which is primarily composed of plant structures, living or dead. plant matter A planet which is primarily composed of hydrogen and helium. envoAstro Gas giants are composed of about 90% hydrogen and helium. Jupiter and Saturn are examples of gas giants. gas planet A planet which is primarily composed of hydrogen and helium. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/whatisaplanet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_planet_types https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet A gas planet which 1) is considerably smaller than a gas giant and 2) has a rocky core around which a thick envelope primarily composed of hydrogen, helium, and smaller proportions of volatiles. envoAstro The physical make-up of gas dwarfs limit their size, which gravitate towards a total radius between 1.7 and 3.9 Earth-radii. dwarf gas planet A gas planet which 1) is considerably smaller than a gas giant and 2) has a rocky core around which a thick envelope primarily composed of hydrogen, helium, and smaller proportions of volatiles. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/whatisaplanet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_dwarf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_planet_types https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet The physical make-up of gas dwarfs limit their size, which gravitate towards a total radius between 1.7 and 3.9 Earth-radii. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_dwarf A gas planet which has mass and size comparable to Jupiter and Saturn. The definition should be revised to avoid relativisation to instances. gas giant envoAstro giant gas planet A gas planet which has mass and size comparable to Jupiter and Saturn. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/whatisaplanet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_giant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_planet_types https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet An ice is an environmental material which is either frozen or which is maintained in a solid state by gravitational forces or pressure. This class is defined logically - any material that is frozen is considered a subclass. Note that ice may be formed at very high temperatures, due to gravitational effects and/or pressure. ice An astrogeological volatile which is composed primarily of chemical compounds with freezing points above an approximate threshold of 100 Kelvin. ice envoAstro This is a term native to the fields of planetary science and astrophysics. Water, ammonia, and methane are considered "ices" with freezing points of 273 K, 195 K, and 91 K, respectively. astrogeological ice An astrogeological volatile which is composed primarily of chemical compounds with freezing points above an approximate threshold of 100 Kelvin. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_giant A giant planet which is primarily composed of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium, volatile chemical compounds with freezing points above about 100 Kelvin. envoAstro Uranus and Neptune are considered ice giants, a separate class relative to the gas giants, Jupiter and Saturn. Ice giants consist of only about 20% hydrogen and helium in mass. A large portion of the mass in an ice giant was incorporated by the capture of ice (as defined in planetary science) or as gas trapped in water ice. ice giant A giant planet which is primarily composed of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium, volatile chemical compounds with freezing points above about 100 Kelvin. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/whatisaplanet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_giant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_planet_types https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet A gas planet which has an atmosphere composed of hydrogen and helium - probably with deep layers of ice, rock or liquid oceans (made of water, ammonia, a mixture of both, or heavier volatiles) - and a small core made of low-density volatiles. transitional planet envoAstro These planets have a mass up to 10 Earth masses, notably smaller than Uranus or Neptune, which are about 14.5 and 17 Earth masses, respectively. mini-Neptune A gas planet which has an atmosphere composed of hydrogen and helium - probably with deep layers of ice, rock or liquid oceans (made of water, ammonia, a mixture of both, or heavier volatiles) - and a small core made of low-density volatiles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_dwarf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini-Neptune An astronomical object which is more massive than the planet Jupiter. envoAstro Due to their immense size, super-Jupiter class objects straddle the space between planets and other objects such as brown dwarfs. While they may be more massive than Jupiter, super-Jupiters tend to be the same approximate size, with increasing density as their mass increases up to about 80 Jupiter masses. super-Jupiter An astronomical object which is more massive than the planet Jupiter. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super-Jupiter A process during which one or more entities move along geodesics in a region of spacetime that has been sufficiently curved towards an entity with sufficient mass and/or energy. envoAstro gravitational motion A process during which one or more entities move along geodesics in a region of spacetime that has been sufficiently curved towards an entity with sufficient mass and/or energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity A giant gas planet which has a jovian-scale mass (0.36–11.8 Jupiter masses), a short orbital period (1.3–111 Earth days), and which is close to the star it orbits, resulting in extreme and exotic atmospheric properties. epistellar jovian pegasean planet pegasid roaster planet envoAstro It is assumed that the mass of a hot Jupiter cannot be greater than approximately 13.6 Jupiter masses, beyond which the planet would start burning deuterium and become a brown dwarf. hot Jupiter It is assumed that the mass of a hot Jupiter cannot be greater than approximately 13.6 Jupiter masses, beyond which the planet would start burning deuterium and become a brown dwarf. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Jupiter A gas planet which has a mass similar to that of Neptune or Uranus and which closely orbits its star (normally at a distance less than 1 Astronomical Unit). Whether this should be classified as a gas planet or an ice giant must be explored. hoptune envoAstro hot Neptune A gas planet which has a mass similar to that of Neptune or Uranus and which closely orbits its star (normally at a distance less than 1 Astronomical Unit). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Neptune A terrestrial exoplanet which is at least ten times the mass of Earth. envoAstro mega-Earth A terrestrial exoplanet which is at least ten times the mass of Earth. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mega-Earth A terrestrial planet which has a mass higher than Earth's, but substantially below the masses of Uranus and Neptune (15 and 17 Earth masses, respectively). envoAstro The upper bound of a super-Earth's mass is generally agreed on as 10 Earth masses. In general, super-Earths are defined exclusively by their masses, and the term does not imply temperatures, compositions, orbital properties, habitability, or environments. super-Earth A terrestrial planet which has a mass higher than Earth's, but substantially below the masses of Uranus and Neptune (15 and 17 Earth masses, respectively). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super-Earth A terrestrial planet which has a surface dominated by hot deserts. dry planet envoAstro This class of planet is still mostly theoretical. desert planet A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by water, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of water. An axiom to express that the planet has a 'substantial' proportion of its mass in the form of water wound enhance this class. aquaplanet panthalassic planet water world envoAstro While this planetary form is still mostly theoretical, strong candidates exist such as the extrasolar planet GJ 1214 b and ocean planet candidate Kepler-22b. ocean planet A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by water, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_planet A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by ice, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of ice. cryoplanet envoAstro While this planetary form is still mostly theoretical, strong candidates exist such as OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb, OGLE-2013-BLG-0341L b and MOA-2007-BLG-192Lb. Pluto was considered an ice planet until its reclassification in 2006 CE. Surface temperatures of ice planets would have to be below 260 K (−13°C) if composed primarily of water, below 180 K (−93°C) if primarily composed of CO2 and ammonia, and below 80 K (−193°C) if composed primarily of methane. ice planet A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by ice, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_planet While this planetary form is still mostly theoretical, strong candidates exist such as OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb, OGLE-2013-BLG-0341L b and MOA-2007-BLG-192Lb. Pluto was considered an ice planet until its reclassification in 2006 CE. Surface temperatures of ice planets would have to be below 260 K (−13°C) if composed primarily of water, below 180 K (−93°C) if primarily composed of CO2 and ammonia, and below 80 K (−193°C) if composed primarily of methane. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_planet Ice which is primarily composed of carbon dioxide. dry ice envoAstro carbon dioxide ice Ice which is primarily composed of carbon dioxide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice Ice which is primarily composed of methane. envoAstro methane ice Ice which is primarily composed of methane. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice Ice which is primarily composed of ammonia. envoAstro ammonia ice Ice which is primarily composed of ammonia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice Ice which is primarily composed of carbon monoxide. envoAstro carbon monoxide ice Ice which is primarily composed of carbon monoxide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice A planet which in primarily composed of an iron-rich core with little to no mantle cannonball planet envoAstro Mercury is the largest iron planet in the Solar System, the other terrestrial planets being composed of silicate rocks. Some extrasolar planet candidates that may be composed mainly of iron are KOI-1843 b,[5] Kepler-70b and Kepler-10b. iron planet A planet which in primarily composed of an iron-rich core with little to no mantle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_planet Mercury is the largest iron planet in the Solar System, the other terrestrial planets being composed of silicate rocks. Some extrasolar planet candidates that may be composed mainly of iron are KOI-1843 b,[5] Kepler-70b and Kepler-10b. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_planet A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by lava, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of lava. envoAstro This class of planets is still mostly theoretical, however, lava planets are thought plausible shortly after a terrestrial planet is formed, soon after a terrestrial planet has suffered a large collision event, or if a terrestrial planet is orbiting very close to its star, causing intense irradiation and tidal forces. Likely lava exoplanets include COROT-7b, Kepler-10b, Alpha Centauri Bb, and Kepler-78b. lava planet A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by lava, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of lava. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_planet This class of planets is still mostly theoretical, however, lava planets are thought plausible shortly after a terrestrial planet is formed, soon after a terrestrial planet has suffered a large collision event, or if a terrestrial planet is orbiting very close to its star, causing intense irradiation and tidal forces. Likely lava exoplanets include COROT-7b, Kepler-10b, Alpha Centauri Bb, and Kepler-78b. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_planet A terrestrial planet which has a mass smaller than Earth's, such that 1) it lacks a magnetic field strong enough to shield its atmosphere from erosion by stellar wind and 2) it has comparatively short periods of geological activity unless it is subject to gravitational tidal forces from a much more massive object. envoAstro The first sub-Earths were discovered by the Kepler Orbiting Observatory space telescope on 2012-01-10, orbiting the star Kepler-42. As of June 2014, Kepler has 45 confirmed planets that are smaller than Earth, with 17 of them being smaller than 0.8 Earth radii. In addition, there are over 310 planet candidates with an estimated radius of less than 1 Earth radius, with 135 of them being smaller than 0.8 Earth radii. sub-Earth A terrestrial planet which has a mass smaller than Earth's, such that 1) it lacks a magnetic field strong enough to shield its atmosphere from erosion by stellar wind and 2) it has comparatively short periods of geological activity unless it is subject to gravitational tidal forces from a much more massive object. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-Earth The first sub-Earths were discovered by the Kepler Orbiting Observatory space telescope on 2012-01-10, orbiting the star Kepler-42. As of June 2014, Kepler has 45 confirmed planets that are smaller than Earth, with 17 of them being smaller than 0.8 Earth radii. In addition, there are over 310 planet candidates with an estimated radius of less than 1 Earth radius, with 135 of them being smaller than 0.8 Earth radii. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-Earth A planet which is formed as a result of a gas giant's hydrogen and helium atmosphere, as well as its outer layers, being stripped away by a stellar wind through photoevaporation and hydrodynamic escape. cthonian planet envoAstro This class is largely theoretical, however, some likely candidates exist. HD 209458 b and Gliese 436b are examples of a gas giants that are in the process of having their atmospheres stripped away. COROT-7b is the first exoplanet found that might be chthonian. chthonian planet A planet which is formed as a result of a gas giant's hydrogen and helium atmosphere, as well as its outer layers, being stripped away by a stellar wind through photoevaporation and hydrodynamic escape. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chthonian_planet This class is largely theoretical, however, some likely candidates exist. HD 209458 b and Gliese 436b are examples of a gas giants that are in the process of having their atmospheres stripped away. COROT-7b is the first exoplanet found that might be chthonian. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chthonian_planet A process during which energetic radiation ionises gas and causes it to disperse away from the ionising source. envoAstro This process is responsible for the stripping away of gases from the atmosphere of planets and related bodies by acceleration on interaction with high energy photons and other electromagnetic radiation. photoevaporation A process during which energetic radiation ionises gas and causes it to disperse away from the ionising source. arXiv:1604.05220 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chthonian_planet#cite_note-4 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoevaporation A gas planet which has an atmosphere composed primarily of helium. The placement of this class assumes that some traces of hydrogen are left in the atmosphere. If this is not the case, the axiom on gas planet must be updated. envoAstro A helium planet might form via hydrogen evaporation from a gaseous planet orbiting close to a star. Low-mass white dwarfs may transition into objects which are essentially helium planets by hydrogen depletion through mass transfer to a massive object such as a neutron star. Gliese 436 b is a candidate helium planet. helium planet A gas planet which has an atmosphere composed primarily of helium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_planet A helium planet might form via hydrogen evaporation from a gaseous planet orbiting close to a star. Low-mass white dwarfs may transition into objects which are essentially helium planets by hydrogen depletion through mass transfer to a massive object such as a neutron star. Gliese 436 b is a candidate helium planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_planet An astronomical body which 1) is held together by its own gravity, 2) can attract other, similar bodies through mutual gravitational influence, and 3) has orbital dynamics that are not significantly affected by gas drag. envoAstro In the Solar nebula, planetesimals are usually larger than approximately 1 kilometer. planetesimal An astronomical body which 1) is held together by its own gravity, 2) can attract other, similar bodies through mutual gravitational influence, and 3) has orbital dynamics that are not significantly affected by gas drag. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetesimal In the Solar nebula, planetesimals are usually larger than approximately 1 kilometer. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetesimal An astronomical object that forms within a protoplanetary disc when planetesimals and other solid debris aggregate and, due to gravitational forces, fuse and initiate internal melting to produce a differentiated interior. State that this is derived from a collection of planetesimals. planetary embryo envoAstro Protoplanets are thought to form out of kilometer-sized planetesimals that gravitationally perturb each other's orbits and collide, gradually coalescing into the dominant planets. The exact sequence of events which lead to planetary formation from protoplanets is not fully understood. protoplanet An astronomical object that forms within a protoplanetary disc when planetesimals and other solid debris aggregate and, due to gravitational forces, fuse and initiate internal melting to produce a differentiated interior. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplanet Protoplanets are thought to form out of kilometer-sized planetesimals that gravitationally perturb each other's orbits and collide, gradually coalescing into the dominant planets. The exact sequence of events which lead to planetary formation from protoplanets is not fully understood. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplanet 1 An astronomical object which is composed of dense gas and dust rotating around a young newly formed star, a T Tauri star, or a Herbig Ae/Be star in a disk-shaped configuration. envoAstro protoplanetary disk An astronomical object which is composed of dense gas and dust rotating around a young newly formed star, a T Tauri star, or a Herbig Ae/Be star in a disk-shaped configuration. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk 1 A protoplanetary disk which is externally illuminated and undergoing photoevaporation. ionized protoplanetary disk envoAstro proplyd A protoplanetary disk which is externally illuminated and undergoing photoevaporation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proplyd https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk A planet which is smaller than Mercury but larger than Ceres. envoAstro mesoplanet A planet which is smaller than Mercury but larger than Ceres. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoplanet A planet which orbits two stars. envoAstro Because of the short orbits of some binary stars, the only way for planets to form is by forming outside the orbit of the two stars. circumbinary planet A planet which orbits two stars. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumbinary_planet Because of the short orbits of some binary stars, the only way for planets to form is by forming outside the orbit of the two stars. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumbinary_planet A material which is composed primarily of chemical elements and compounds with relatively low boiling points, equilibrium condensation temperatures below 1300 Kelvin, and which are part of the crust or atmosphere of a moon or planet. Add and axiomatise with moon and lunar crust volatile envoAstro Examples include nitrogen, water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen, methane and sulfur dioxide. In astrogeology, these compounds, in their solid state, often comprise large proportions of the crusts of moons and dwarf planets. volatile astrogeological material A material which is composed primarily of chemical elements and compounds with relatively low boiling points, equilibrium condensation temperatures below 1300 Kelvin, and which are part of the crust or atmosphere of a moon or planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatiles Examples include nitrogen, water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen, methane and sulfur dioxide. In astrogeology, these compounds, in their solid state, often comprise large proportions of the crusts of moons and dwarf planets. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatiles An astrogeological volatile which is composed primarily of chemical compounds with boiling points around those of hydrogen and helium. gas envoAstro This is a term native to the fields of planetary science and astrophysics. Hydrogen has a boiling point of 20.271 Kelvin and a melting point of 13.99 Kelvin. Helium has a boiling point of 4.222 Kelvin and a melting point of 0.95 Kelvin. astrogeological gas An astrogeological volatile which is composed primarily of chemical compounds with boiling points around those of hydrogen and helium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatiles A material which is composed primarily of chemical elements and compounds which have equilibrium condensation temperatures above approximately 1300 Kelvin and which are part of the crust or atmosphere of a moon or planet. Add and axiomatise with moon and lunar crust refractory material envoAstro The refractory group includes elements and compounds like metals and silicates (commonly termed rocks) which make up the bulk of the mass of the terrestrial planets and asteroids in the inner belt. refractory astrogeological material A material which is composed primarily of chemical elements and compounds which have equilibrium condensation temperatures above approximately 1300 Kelvin and which are part of the crust or atmosphere of a moon or planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractory_(planetary_science) The refractory group includes elements and compounds like metals and silicates (commonly termed rocks) which make up the bulk of the mass of the terrestrial planets and asteroids in the inner belt. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractory_(planetary_science) A process during which gases that constitute a planetary atmosphere escape that planet's gravitational field and move away into outer space. envoAstro atmospheric escape A process during which gases that constitute a planetary atmosphere escape that planet's gravitational field and move away into outer space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_escape An atmospheric escape process during which atoms that are parts of a planetary atmosphere escape into outer space through numerous collisions with lighter atoms in that atmosphere. envoAstro hydrodynamic escape An atmospheric escape process during which atoms that are parts of a planetary atmosphere escape into outer space through numerous collisions with lighter atoms in that atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_escape A cloud which newCloud A cloud which https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/docs/Excerpt%20from%20wmo_49-1_final_2017.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-genera.html A cloud which is fibrous and/or has a silky sheen, often present in aggregates where individual cirrus clouds are organised in patches or narrow bands of white or mostly white detached filmanents. cirrus cloud A cloud which is fibrous and/or has a silky sheen, often present in aggregates where individual cirrus clouds are organised in patches or narrow bands of white or mostly white detached filmanents. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-genera-cirrus.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/docs/Excerpt%20from%20wmo_49-1_final_2017.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-genera.html A cloud which newCloud A cloud which https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/docs/Excerpt%20from%20wmo_49-1_final_2017.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-genera.html An IUCN protected area in which human visitation, use and impacts are strictly controlled and limited to ensure protection and conservation of natural biodiversity and/or geodiversity, natural ecosystem assemblages and processes, and any associated cultural and spiritual values. IUCN-PACS:Ia strict nature reserve Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. Previous anthropogenic impacts (e.g. by early human settlement) may be present in these sites; these should be reversible by either natural processes or brief restorative interventions. Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. IUCN strict nature reserve An IUCN protected area in which human visitation, use and impacts are strictly controlled and limited to ensure protection and conservation of natural biodiversity and/or geodiversity, natural ecosystem assemblages and processes, and any associated cultural and spiritual values. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ia-strict-nature-reserve IUCN-PACS:Ia https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ia-strict-nature-reserve strict nature reserve https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ia-strict-nature-reserve Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. Previous anthropogenic impacts (e.g. by early human settlement) may be present in these sites; these should be reversible by either natural processes or brief restorative interventions. Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ia-strict-nature-reserve An IUCN protected area which 1) is dominated by natural ecosystems, 2) is sufficiently large to allow those ecosystems to function and develop without local anthropogenic perturbation, 3) is managed to prevent perturbations by proximate or local anthropisation, including those caused by local and/or indigenous human communities or human visitation. IUCN-PACS:Ib wilderness area Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. These areas exclude permanent built infrastructure, activities by extractive industries, commercial or intensive agriculture, extensive access by motor vehicles, unregulated visitation supported by any infrastructure, as well as other activities that may lead to significant ecosystem perturbations. IUCN wilderness area An IUCN protected area which 1) is dominated by natural ecosystems, 2) is sufficiently large to allow those ecosystems to function and develop without local anthropogenic perturbation, 3) is managed to prevent perturbations by proximate or local anthropisation, including those caused by local and/or indigenous human communities or human visitation. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ib-wilderness-area IUCN-PACS:Ib https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ib-wilderness-area wilderness area https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ib-wilderness-area Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. These areas exclude permanent built infrastructure, activities by extractive industries, commercial or intensive agriculture, extensive access by motor vehicles, unregulated visitation supported by any infrastructure, as well as other activities that may lead to significant ecosystem perturbations. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ib-wilderness-area A quality which inheres in a astronomical body or astronomical body part by virtue of the variation in its material composition, participation in geological processes, and the variation in is land- and hydroforms. Materials which are usually assessed when appraising geodiversity include minerals, rocks, sediments, fossils, soils and water. Landforms factored into geodiversity metrics typically include folds, faults, and other expressions of morphology or relations between units of earth material. Natural processes that are included in measures of geodiversity are those which either maintain or change materials or geoforms, including tectonics, sediment transport, and pedogenesis. Geodiversity does not usually factor in anthropogenic entities. geodiversity A quality which inheres in a astronomical body or astronomical body part by virtue of the variation in its material composition, participation in geological processes, and the variation in is land- and hydroforms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodiversity Materials which are usually assessed when appraising geodiversity include minerals, rocks, sediments, fossils, soils and water. Landforms factored into geodiversity metrics typically include folds, faults, and other expressions of morphology or relations between units of earth material. Natural processes that are included in measures of geodiversity are those which either maintain or change materials or geoforms, including tectonics, sediment transport, and pedogenesis. Geodiversity does not usually factor in anthropogenic entities. An IUCN protected area which includes a primarily natural formation designated to be of high natural heritage value and the environmental systems which it determines (e.g. the spray zone of a waterfall monument). IUCN-PACS:III natural monument Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. Further, note that the use of "natural" in the IUCN definition may allow for some anthropisation such as the presence of cave dwellings or spiritual sites. These areas tend to be smaller than other IUCN protected areas and are sites of frequent human visitation and high tourism value. They often serve to conserve natural heritage in land- or seascapes which have otherwise been anthropised. Frequently, these areas have high spiritual and cultural value as well as bio- and geodiversity value. It is not clear what would happen to the status of a IUCN Category III protected area if its key natural monument dies or degrades. IUCN acknowledges that larger ecosystem areas may need protection or management to sustain the area given Category III protection. IUCN natural monument or feature An IUCN protected area which includes a primarily natural formation designated to be of high natural heritage value and the environmental systems which it determines (e.g. the spray zone of a waterfall monument). https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-iii-natural-monument-or-feature IUCN-PACS:III https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-iii-natural-monument-or-feature Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. Further, note that the use of "natural" in the IUCN definition may allow for some anthropisation such as the presence of cave dwellings or spiritual sites. These areas tend to be smaller than other IUCN protected areas and are sites of frequent human visitation and high tourism value. They often serve to conserve natural heritage in land- or seascapes which have otherwise been anthropised. Frequently, these areas have high spiritual and cultural value as well as bio- and geodiversity value. It is not clear what would happen to the status of a IUCN Category III protected area if its key natural monument dies or degrades. IUCN acknowledges that larger ecosystem areas may need protection or management to sustain the area given Category III protection. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-iii-natural-monument-or-feature An IUCN protected area within which the habitats of or ecosystems used by floral and faunal species deemed to be of international, national, or local importance are maintained, conserved, or restored such that their composition and functional integrity are maintained. Clarify what is encompassed by floral and faunal. Do microbial and fungal species (e.g. of importance to many marine systems) fall within these categories? Further, create subclasses for habitat and species conservation separately. IUCN-PACS:IV habitat management area species management area Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. Note that many Category IV sites require frequent interventions to maintain habitats for the species conserved, particularly as many of these areas are ecosystem fragments which are unable to sustain themselves. Additionally, many are used for public outreach, education, and recreation, implying regular human visitation. What qualifies a species as important is variable and often ill-defined. IUCN habitat/species management area An IUCN protected area within which the habitats of or ecosystems used by floral and faunal species deemed to be of international, national, or local importance are maintained, conserved, or restored such that their composition and functional integrity are maintained. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-iv-habitatspecies-management-area IUCN-PACS:IV https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-iv-habitatspecies-management-area Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. Note that many Category IV sites require frequent interventions to maintain habitats for the species conserved, particularly as many of these areas are ecosystem fragments which are unable to sustain themselves. Additionally, many are used for public outreach, education, and recreation, implying regular human visitation. What qualifies a species as important is variable and often ill-defined. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-iv-habitatspecies-management-area An ecosystem which has been causally isolated from a larger ecosystem within which it was previously embedded, such that the direct exchange of materials, resources, and energy between these systems is severely or entirely curtailed. Often, ecosystem fragments are unable to sustain themselves without human intervention and management as they are not large enough to perform self-sustaining functions (e.g. nutrient recycling) or hold sufficient ecological resources such as genetic diversity of populations. ecosystem fragment A process during which one or more parts of an ecosystem become causally isolated such that the direct flow or exchange of materials, resources, and energy between a given fragment and the remainder of the original system is severely curtailed or entirely halted. ecosystem fragmentation process A process during which one or more parts of an ecosystem become causally isolated such that the direct flow or exchange of materials, resources, and energy between a given fragment and the remainder of the original system is severely curtailed or entirely halted. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_decay https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat_fragmentation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_fragmentation A protected area in which management objectives have been declared, by a local governing body or authority, to adhere to the guidelines set forth by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Axiomatise with SDGIO classes once available: https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/114 IUCN protected area The international recognition of an area as an IUCN protected area generally depends on the assigning government or authority reporting its assignments to the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre. area protected according to IUCN guidelines A protected area in which management objectives have been declared, by a local governing body or authority, to adhere to the guidelines set forth by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/import/downloads/iucn_assignment_1.pdf The international recognition of an area as an IUCN protected area generally depends on the assigning government or authority reporting its assignments to the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre. https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/import/downloads/iucn_assignment_1.pdf A process during which an ecosystem, its parts, or the processes it participates in are modified by human intervention to accomplish an objective. active ecosystem management process A process during which an ecosystem, its parts, or the processes it participates in are modified by human intervention to accomplish an objective. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-iv-habitatspecies-management-area An active management process which has the conservation of an ecosystem, or a part thereof, as its primary objective. conservation-focused active ecosystem management process An active management process which has the conservation of an ecosystem, or a part thereof, as its primary objective. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-iv-habitatspecies-management-area An IUCN protected area which 1) includes entities that have been deemed to be of high scenic quality, 2) is composed of a historically stable assemblage of causally interlinked natural and anthropised ecosystems that provides cultural ecosystem services, and 3) hosts traditional and sustainable human activities. IUCN-PACS:V Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. The IUCN note that the integrity of balanced natural and anthropogenic ecosystems may be compromised in some Category V areas, as long as "there is reasonable hope of restoring that integrity". IUCN protected landscape/seascape An IUCN protected area which 1) includes entities that have been deemed to be of high scenic quality, 2) is composed of a historically stable assemblage of causally interlinked natural and anthropised ecosystems that provides cultural ecosystem services, and 3) hosts traditional and sustainable human activities. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-v-protected-landscapeseascape IUCN-PACS:V https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-v-protected-landscapeseascape Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. The IUCN note that the integrity of balanced natural and anthropogenic ecosystems may be compromised in some Category V areas, as long as "there is reasonable hope of restoring that integrity". https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-v-protected-landscapeseascape A site which is bounded or relativised by a material entity which is of spiritual significance to one or more human groups. sacred site 1 A process during which an ecosystem fragment loses its system integrity, with many of its resident ecological populations 1) losing their habitats, 2) undergoing a loss of functional and phylogenetic diversity, and 3) undergoing a subsequent genetic destabilisation through inbreeding. This process may be caused by direct anthropisation (i.e. the fragmentation of ecosystems due to the establishment of cropland) or by more natural events such as forest fires or erosion of land bridges. ecosystem decay A process during which an ecosystem fragment loses its system integrity, with many of its resident ecological populations 1) losing their habitats, 2) undergoing a loss of functional and phylogenetic diversity, and 3) undergoing a subsequent genetic destabilisation through inbreeding. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_decay An ecosystem fragmentation process during which discontinuities emerge in the habitats of one or more ecological populations. habitat fragmentation process An ecosystem fragmentation process during which discontinuities emerge in the habitats of one or more ecological populations. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat_fragmentation An environment which has its properties and composition largely determined by the presence of a metazoan which lacks a vetebral column and which has a habitat that is found in an aquatic environmental system. http://purl.jp/bio/11/meo/MEO_0000871 envoMeo envoOmics environment associated with an aquatic invertebrate http://purl.jp/bio/11/meo/MEO_0000871 Not currently live, may need to be switched to alternative PURLs. Land which is regularly manipulated by human activities, such as plowing or tilling, in order to grow crops. Consider moving axioms to the quality 'arable' directly. The discontinuous quality on tillage can likely be improved or refined. Also, add axioms for ploughing once it is added to AgrO: https://github.com/AgriculturalSemantics/agro/issues/34 arable land Land which is regularly manipulated by human activities, such as plowing or tilling, in order to grow crops. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Glossary:Arable_land https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arable_land Land which hosts a community of herbaceous plants - such as grasses and forbs - upon which animals may graze. See this issue for requests regarding surrounding semantics of grazing: https://github.com/AgriculturalSemantics/agro/issues/32 pasturable land Land which hosts a community of herbaceous plants - such as grasses and forbs - upon which animals may graze. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasture An environmental system determined by a cnidarian or part of a cnidarian. envoMeo cnidarian-associated environment An environment which has its properties and composition determined by a portion of Bondon cheese. This class was cross-axiomatised with FOODON, but recent changes in FOODON's alignment (e.g. Bondon cheese as a subclass of an information artifact) have caused reasoning errors. We await FOODON to stabilise these semantics before attempting a reimport and will work with them to this end. envoMeo Bondon cheese environment A surface layer which is composed of the external surface of a root, together with closely adhering soil particles and debris rhizoplane A surface layer which is composed of the external surface of a root, together with closely adhering soil particles and debris https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/rhizoplane Pasturable land which is maintained by human activities in order to provide grazing oppoturnities for livestock. tended pasturable land Pasturable land which is maintained by human activities in order to provide grazing oppoturnities for livestock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasture Land which either hosts plant communities upon which animals may graze has been manipulated by tilling, ploughing, or other human activity for the purposes of seed sowing or planting crops. Add semantics to support "land under market and kitchen gardens and land temporarily fallow (less than five years). The abandoned land resulting from shifting cultivation is not included in this category." http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_18948.html http://eurovoc.europa.eu/drupal/?q=request&uri=http://eurovoc.europa.eu/4448 This class does not refer to the land that is potenitally cultivable, only referencing land that is being managed for cultivation. This class has been created to support the FAO definition of arable lands in FAOSTAT. arable or pasturable land This class does not refer to the land that is potenitally cultivable, only referencing land that is being managed for cultivation. This class has been created to support the FAO definition of arable lands in FAOSTAT. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arable_land A quality inhereing in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being periodically and mechanically manipulated to loosen and mix any soil which it has as a part. arable A quality inhereing in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being periodically and mechanically manipulated to loosen and mix any soil which it has as a part. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arable_land Soil which has increased levels of molecules or ions capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion) to other chemical entities, or, alternatively, capable of forming covalent bonds with other chemicals via the acceptance of an electron pair, resulting in a bulk pH measurement of less than 7. acidic soil Soil which has increased levels of molecules or ions capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion) to other chemical entities, or, alternatively, capable of forming covalent bonds with other chemicals via the acceptance of an electron pair, resulting in a bulk pH measurement of less than 7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid Volcanic ash which has increased levels of molecules or ions capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion) to other chemical entities, or, alternatively, capable of forming covalent bonds with other chemicals via the acceptance of an electron pair, resulting in a bulk pH measurement of less than 7. acidic volcanic ash A digestive tract environment which has its properties and dynamics determined by the digestive tract of an echinoderm from the class Holothuroidea. sea cucumber gut sea cucumber digestive tract holothurian digestive tract A digestive tract environment which has its properties and dynamics determined by the digestive tract of an echinoderm from the class Holothuroidea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_cucumber A bodily fluid which is present in the digestive tract of a member of the Holothuroidea. holothurian digestive tract contents An organic material which is primarily composed of living or dead algae, along with their exudates. This class will be axiomatised with "alga" once an approach to handle this term's ambiguous semantics has been agreed with PCO. algal material An organic material which is primarily composed of living or dead algae, along with their exudates. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algae Sea ice which has a brown colouration, either due to 1) the presence of pigments which are or were contained in the members of ecological assemblages, such as algal communities, living or trapped within the ice or 2) due to the presence of trapped sediments. brownish colored sea ice brown sea ice Sea ice which has a brown colouration, either due to 1) the presence of pigments which are or were contained in the members of ecological assemblages, such as algal communities, living or trapped within the ice or 2) due to the presence of trapped sediments. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2017.04.010 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3522 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122418 https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/564 The surface layer of a volume of water. EcoLexicon:surface_water SWEETRealm:SurfaceWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_water surface of a body of water water body surface water surface The surface layer of a mass of sediment. surface of a sedimentary mass surface sediment sediment surface A liquid planetary surface which is composed primarily of water. This includes the surface layers of all volumes of water exposed to space or the planet's atmosphere. water-based planetary surface A liquid planetary surface which is composed primarily of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface A site in which charged particles are influenced by an astronomical body's magnetic field. The original definition referenced astronomical objects, however, the text suggests that reference to an astronomical body is more accurate. Magentospheres are generated by the motion of active hot iron and nickle or metallic planetary cores or by the interactions of plasma in stars.. The magnetic field near the surface of many astronomical bodies resembles that of a dipole. The field lines farther away from the surface can be significantly distorted by the flow of electrically conducting plasma emitted from a nearby star. The structure and behaviour of magnetospheres depend on numerous variables, including the type of astronomical body which generates it, the period of the object's spin, the properties of the axis about which the object spins, the axis of the magnetic dipole, and the magnitude and direction of the flow of stellar wind. magnetosphere A site in which charged particles are influenced by an astronomical body's magnetic field. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere Magentospheres are generated by the motion of active hot iron and nickle or metallic planetary cores or by the interactions of plasma in stars.. The magnetic field near the surface of many astronomical bodies resembles that of a dipole. The field lines farther away from the surface can be significantly distorted by the flow of electrically conducting plasma emitted from a nearby star. The structure and behaviour of magnetospheres depend on numerous variables, including the type of astronomical body which generates it, the period of the object's spin, the properties of the axis about which the object spins, the axis of the magnetic dipole, and the magnitude and direction of the flow of stellar wind. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere An environmental disposition which inheres in an entity that intercepts, attenuates, or blocks radiation. radiation shielding disposition A radiation shielding disposition which inheres in a material or immaterial entity which attenuates or blocks cosmic rays. cosmic ray shielding disposition A radiation shielding disposition which inheres in a material or immaterial entity which attenuates or blocks cosmic rays. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_ray https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere A magnetosphere which either 1) cannot withstand the pressure of the stellar wind interacting with it, thus allowing the stellar wind to interact with the ionosphere, atmosphere, or surface of the planet generating it or 2) is formed by the interaction of the stellar wind with an astronomical body unshielded by its own magnetosphere. The original definition referenced astronomical objects, however, the text suggests that reference to an astronomical body is more accurate. induced magnetosphere A magnetosphere which either 1) cannot withstand the pressure of the stellar wind interacting with it, thus allowing the stellar wind to interact with the ionosphere, atmosphere, or surface of the planet generating it or 2) is formed by the interaction of the stellar wind with an astronomical body unshielded by its own magnetosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere A magnetosphere which shields the body generating it from the stellar wind by withstanding the stellar wind's pressure before it reaches the body. The original definition referenced astronomical objects, however, the text suggests that reference to an astronomical body is more accurate. intrinsic magnetosphere A magnetosphere which shields the body generating it from the stellar wind by withstanding the stellar wind's pressure before it reaches the body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere An environmental zone which is bounded by material parts of a land mass or the atmosphere or space adjacent to it. terrestrial environmental zone A terrestrial zone which is bounded by constructed, manufactured, or other anthropogenic material entities. anthropised terrestrial environmental zone An environmental zone which is bounded by material parts of a marine environment. This class will eventually be populated by inference alone, with its subclasses distributed in more process-linked hierarchies to improve semantic density. marine environmental zone Soil or sediment which has been eroded and influenced by flowing water and redeposited in a non-marine setting. alluvium Soil or sediment which has been eroded and influenced by flowing water and redeposited in a non-marine setting. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvium Sediment which has been transported by flowing water and redeposited in a non-marine setting. alluvial sediment Sediment which has been transported by flowing water and redeposited in a non-marine setting. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvial_soil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvium A rock which is formed as a result of the lithification of alluvium. alluvial deposit A rock which is formed as a result of the lithification of alluvium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvium A process during which sediments compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid sedimentary rock. lithification A process during which sediments compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid sedimentary rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithification An ecosystem in which grasses (Graminae) are the dominant form of vegetation and determine the system's structure and dynamics. EcoLexicon:grassland FTT:259 FTT:760 FTT:766 Geonames:V.GRSLD LTER:232 TGN:21604 TGN:54052 GRASSLAND grassland Grassland down downland downs glade grazing area herbaceous area grassland ecosystem An ecosystem in which grasses (Graminae) are the dominant form of vegetation and determine the system's structure and dynamics. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassland GRASSLAND USGS:SDTS grassland Geonames:feature Grassland NASA:earthrealm down USGS:SDTS downland USGS:SDTS downs USGS:SDTS glade ADL:FTT glade USGS:SDTS grazing area ADL:FTT grazing area Getty:TGN herbaceous area USGS:SDTS An area of land used for the herding and grazing of livestock. FTT:45 FTT:58 FTT:59 FTT:69 Geonames:S.RNCH ranch ranch An area of land used for the herding and grazing of livestock. USGS:SDTS ranch Geonames:feature ranch USGS:SDTS An area of wetland which overlaps a swamp ecosystem. swamp area An area of wetland which overlaps a swamp ecosystem. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swamp A terrestrial ecosystem which is inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances does support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. EcoLexicon:wetland FTT:1001 FTT:1060 FTT:1061 FTT:1118 FTT:1180 FTT:1190 FTT:1206 FTT:1207 FTT:1226 FTT:184 FTT:185 FTT:228 FTT:281 FTT:480 FTT:716 FTT:883 FTT:934 FTT:945 FTT:983 Geonames:H.WTLD LTER:630 SPIRE:Bog SWEETRealm:Wetland TGN:21301 TGN:21304 TGN:21305 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland WETLAND Wetland EstuarineWetland LacustrineWetland MarineWetland PalustrineWetland RiparianWetland TerrestialWetland back marsh backswamp backwater barrier flat blanket bog bog cienaga dismal everglade floating marsh forested wetland marsh mire mud flat peat cutting area peatland quagmire quaking bog riparian area slash slough slue swamp forest tulelands moor morass muskeg wetland ecosystem A terrestrial ecosystem which is inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances does support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland WETLAND USGS:SDTS Wetland NASA:earthrealm EstuarineWetland NASA:earthrealm LacustrineWetland NASA:earthrealm MarineWetland NASA:earthrealm PalustrineWetland NASA:earthrealm RiparianWetland NASA:earthrealm TerrestialWetland NASA:earthrealm back marsh USGS:SDTS backswamp USGS:SDTS backwater ADL:FTT barrier flat USGS:SDTS blanket bog USGS:SDTS bog ADL:FTT bog Getty:TGN cienaga ADL:FTT dismal USGS:SDTS everglade USGS:SDTS floating marsh USGS:SDTS forested wetland ADL:FTT marsh ADL:FTT mire ADL:FTT mire USGS:SDTS mud flat ADL:FTT peat cutting area ADL:FTT peatland ADL:FTT quagmire ADL:FTT quagmire USGS:SDTS quaking bog USGS:SDTS riparian area ADL:FTT slash USGS:SDTS slough ADL:FTT slough Getty:TGN slough USGS:SDTS slue ADL:FTT swamp forest USGS:SDTS tulelands USGS:SDTS moor USGS:SDTS morass USGS:SDTS muskeg USGS:SDTS A planned process during which an environmental system is modified to mitigate or nullify the impacts of flooding. defense against flooding defence against floods defense against floods flood defence flood defence intervention flood defense flood defense intervention defence against flooding An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star. environmental_hazards envoAstro stellar radiation An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star at wavelengths and frequencies which travel exclusively in a line-of-sight fashion and which may produce molecular rotation and torsion on contact with matter. envoAstro This definition focuses on the properties of microwaves rather than their wavelength or frequency limits. Considerable ambiguity exists around the wavelength and frequency thresholds of microwaves. The ISO 21348 definition bounds these waves at 1 mm and 15 mm, with frequencies between 100 GHz and 0.225 GHz. microwave stellar radiation A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star at wavelengths and frequencies which travel exclusively in a line-of-sight fashion and which may produce molecular rotation and torsion on contact with matter. ISO 21348 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star at wavelengths ranging from millimetre to kilometer scales. envoAstro As with microwaves, considerable variation exists in the delimitation of frequency and wavelength thresholds for radiowaves. The ISO 21348 standard allows a wavelength range of 0.10 mm to 100 m and a frequency range of 300 GHz to 3 MHz. However, much lower thresholds also exist. radio wave stellar radiation A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star at wavelengths ranging from millimetre to kilometer scales. ISO 21348 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_wave A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star when molecules change their rotational-vibrational movements, usually at wavelengths between 760 nm and 1 mm. envoAstro infrared stellar radiation A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star when molecules change their rotational-vibrational movements, usually at wavelengths between 760 nm and 1 mm. ISO 21348 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star at wavelengths between 380 nm and 760 nm. optical stellar radiation envoAstro visible spectrum stellar radiation A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star at wavelengths between 380 nm and 760 nm. ISO 21348 A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star at wavelengths between 10 nm and 400 nm. To be expanded to account for subtypes. environmental_hazards envoAstro ultraviolet stellar radiation A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star at wavelengths between 10 nm and 400 nm. ISO 21348 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet A stellar radiation process during which penetrating electromagnetic radiation is emitted by high-energy electrons as they fall into a lower state of energy. x ray stellar radiation xray stellar radiation environmental_hazards envoAstro Ambiguity exists in the definition of x-rays and their differentiation from gamma rays. Photons with sufficient energy to be classified as x-rays may be emitted by other processes than electrons falling to lower energy states. Most x-rays have wavelengths ranging from 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range of 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz and energies in the range of 100 eV to 100 keV. x-ray stellar radiation A stellar radiation process during which penetrating electromagnetic radiation is emitted by high-energy electrons as they fall into a lower state of energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray Ambiguity exists in the definition of x-rays and their differentiation from gamma rays. Photons with sufficient energy to be classified as x-rays may be emitted by other processes than electrons falling to lower energy states. Most x-rays have wavelengths ranging from 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range of 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz and energies in the range of 100 eV to 100 keV. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray#Energy_ranges A stellar radiation process during which penetrating electromagnetic radiation is emitted from the radioactive decay (gamma decay) of atomic nuclei. environmental_hazards envoAstro Ambiguity exists in the definition of gamma rays. As a rule of thumb, gamma rays have energies above 100 keV, frequencies above 10 exahertz, and wavelengths less than 10 picometers. However, regardless of the energy released, electromagnetic radiation from radioactive decay of atomic nuclei is referred to as "gamma rays". In astronomy, however, gamma rays are defined by their energy, and no production process needs to be specified. gamma-ray stellar radiation A stellar radiation process during which penetrating electromagnetic radiation is emitted from the radioactive decay (gamma decay) of atomic nuclei. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray Ambiguity exists in the definition of gamma rays. As a rule of thumb, gamma rays have energies above 100 keV, frequencies above 10 exahertz, and wavelengths less than 10 picometers. However, regardless of the energy released, electromagnetic radiation from radioactive decay of atomic nuclei is referred to as "gamma rays". In astronomy, however, gamma rays are defined by their energy, and no production process needs to be specified. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star with sufficient energy to disrupt molecular bonds or alter the electron number of atoms. envoAstro ionising stellar radiation A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star with sufficient energy to disrupt molecular bonds or alter the electron number of atoms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance A process during which liquid water accumulates in a site, most often in some form of container. water accumulation process A commercial building which contains parts used as workplaces primarily for administrative and managerial workers. "An office building will be divided into sections for different companies or may be dedicated to one company. In either case, each company will typically have a reception area, one or several meeting rooms, singular or open-plan offices, as well as toilets." office building A commercial building which contains parts used as workplaces primarily for administrative and managerial workers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office#Office_buildings "An office building will be divided into sections for different companies or may be dedicated to one company. In either case, each company will typically have a reception area, one or several meeting rooms, singular or open-plan offices, as well as toilets." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office#Office_buildings A building which is primarily used to facilitate the buying or selling of goods or services. "Commerce includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural and technological systems that are in operation in any country or internationally." commercial building A building which is primarily used to facilitate the buying or selling of goods or services. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_building "Commerce includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural and technological systems that are in operation in any country or internationally." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commerce A process during which wood is processed into beams or planks. lumber production timber production timber production process lumber production process A process during which wood is processed into beams or planks. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumber A building part within which administrative work is done by an organisations users in order to support and realise the objectives of that organization. office A building part within which administrative work is done by an organisations users in order to support and realise the objectives of that organization. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office#Office_buildings An IUCN protected area within which 1) natural ecosystems and their resources are either conserved or used through non-industrial human activities, 2) usage activites contribute to conservation goals, ensuring inter-generational security for local communities' livelihoods, and 3) the majority of benefits derived from the use of ecosystems are received by communities living near or in the area. IUCN-PACS:VI protected area with sustainable use of natural resources Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. Note, that the IUCN recommends that a proportion of the area is retained in a natural condition (e.g. a no-take management zone). As this is a recommendation rather than a rule, this ENVO class does not include IUCN categories with strict conservation regimes as necessary parts. An emphasis is placed on the integration of cultural approaches, belief systems and world-views possessed by human populations in and around the protected area into the conservation approaches used. Further, these areas host activities which facilitate scientific research, environmental monitoring, recreation, and "appropriate" small-scale tourism. IUCN protected area with sustainable use of natural resources An IUCN protected area within which 1) natural ecosystems and their resources are either conserved or used through non-industrial human activities, 2) usage activites contribute to conservation goals, ensuring inter-generational security for local communities' livelihoods, and 3) the majority of benefits derived from the use of ecosystems are received by communities living near or in the area. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ib-wilderness-area IUCN-PACS:VI https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ib-wilderness-area protected area with sustainable use of natural resources https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ib-wilderness-area Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. Note, that the IUCN recommends that a proportion of the area is retained in a natural condition (e.g. a no-take management zone). As this is a recommendation rather than a rule, this ENVO class does not include IUCN categories with strict conservation regimes as necessary parts. An emphasis is placed on the integration of cultural approaches, belief systems and world-views possessed by human populations in and around the protected area into the conservation approaches used. Further, these areas host activities which facilitate scientific research, environmental monitoring, recreation, and "appropriate" small-scale tourism. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ib-wilderness-area A natural environment which is located on a land mass. terrestrial natural environment A natural environment which is within a water body. aquatic natural environment 1 A site in which the attraction of satellites by gravitation is dominated by an astronomical body, bounded by a zero-velocity surface. Roche sphere Hill sphere A site in which the attraction of satellites by gravitation is dominated by an astronomical body, bounded by a zero-velocity surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill_sphere 2 A site in which the combined gravitational pull of the two large astronomical bodies is such that a smaller body, affected only by gravity, can maintain a stable position relative to those two large bodies and orbit with them due to centripetal force. L-points Lagrange points libration points Lagrangian point A site in which the combined gravitational pull of the two large astronomical bodies is such that a smaller body, affected only by gravity, can maintain a stable position relative to those two large bodies and orbit with them due to centripetal force. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_point A marginal sea biome which is located in a region with a tropical climate. A class which is complementary to the WWF Temperate Shelf and Seas ecoregions grouping tropical marginal sea biome Organic material which is in a solid phase and contained in sedimentary rock. kerogen Organic material which is in a solid phase and contained in sedimentary rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerogen Kerogen which cotains alginite, amorphous organic matter, cyanobacteria, freshwater algae, and land plant resins, thus having a hydrogen to carbon ratio above 1.25, and oxygen to carbon ratio below 0.15, readily produces liquid hydrocarbons, has reduced concentrations of aromatic structures, and primarily derived from proteins and lipids. sapropelic kerogen Kerogen which cotains alginite, amorphous organic matter, cyanobacteria, freshwater algae, and land plant resins, thus having a hydrogen to carbon ratio above 1.25, and oxygen to carbon ratio below 0.15, readily produces liquid hydrocarbons, has reduced concentrations of aromatic structures, and primarily derived from proteins and lipids. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerogen Kerogen from which heavy hydrocarbons (such as oils) are derived following chemical break down. labile kerogen Kerogen from which heavy hydrocarbons (such as oils) are derived following chemical break down. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerogen Kerogen from which light hydrocarbons (such as hydrocarbon gases) are derived following chemical break down. recalcitrant kerogen Kerogen from which light hydrocarbons (such as hydrocarbon gases) are derived following chemical break down. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerogen Kerogen which is enriched in sulfur compounds, has a hydrogen to carbon ratio under 1.25, an oxygen to carbon ratio between 0.03 and 0.18, derives into mixtures of hydrocarbon gas and oil, and derives from marine organic materials (primarily lipids) which are formed in reducing environments. planktonic kerogen Kerogen which is enriched in sulfur compounds, has a hydrogen to carbon ratio under 1.25, an oxygen to carbon ratio between 0.03 and 0.18, derives into mixtures of hydrocarbon gas and oil, and derives from marine organic materials (primarily lipids) which are formed in reducing environments. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerogen Planktonic kerogen which has high concentrations of sulfur compounds. sulfrous kerogen Planktonic kerogen which has high concentrations of sulfur compounds. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerogen Kerogen which derives from land plants, resembles wood or coral in structure, has a hydrogen to carbon ratio under 1, an oxygen to carbon ratio between 0.03 to 0.3, and which primarily produces coal or hydrocarbon gas on degradation. humic kerogen Kerogen which derives from land plants, resembles wood or coral in structure, has a hydrogen to carbon ratio under 1, an oxygen to carbon ratio between 0.03 to 0.3, and which primarily produces coal or hydrocarbon gas on degradation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerogen Kerogen which has a hydrogen to carbon ratio less than 0.5 and primarily composed of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. residual kerogen Kerogen which has a hydrogen to carbon ratio less than 0.5 and primarily composed of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerogen EcoLexicon:canopy LTER:82 SWEETRealm:Canopy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy forest canopy A canopy which is part of a woodland ecosystem. EcoLexicon:canopy LTER:82 SWEETRealm:Canopy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy woodland canopy A canopy which is composed of the aboveground portion, or crowns, of a community of crop plants. EcoLexicon:canopy LTER:82 SWEETRealm:Canopy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy crop canopy A vegetation layer which is formed by a collection of individual plant crowns, themselves constituting part of the aboveground portion of a plant community. EcoLexicon:canopy LTER:82 SWEETRealm:Canopy false canopy A vegetation layer which is formed by a collection of individual plant crowns, themselves constituting part of the aboveground portion of a plant community. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy_%28biology%29 An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities form continuous or discontinuous regions of canopy cover. The correct usage of FLOPO terms in the axiomatisation needs to be confirmed. The definitions of forest can vary greatly, and different classes will be needed to support the major categories. Tree cover alone is not enough to distinguish between forests and plantations. The international definition proposed by the 2010 FAO Forestry Resource Assessment: "land spanning more than 0.5 ha with trees higher than 5 metres and canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ . It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use." - FAO. 2010. Global forest resources assessment 2010, Main report, FAO Forestry Paper 163. Rome. forest ecosystem An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities form continuous or discontinuous regions of canopy cover. http://www.fao.org/docrep/017/ap862e/ap862e00.pdf https://www1.usgs.gov/csas/nvcs/nvcsGetUnitDetails?elementGlobalId=860217 An ecosystem which is determined by communities of annual crops, perennial woody crops, or by actively tilled land. cropland ecosystem An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities are spaced sufficiently far apart to allow sunlight to illuminate the understory. The correct usage of FLOPO terms in the axiomatisation needs to be confirmed. Woodland understories are often populated with communities of shrubs and herbaceous plants including grasses. There are varying distinctions between woodland and forest, with a large degree of ambiguity. woodland ecosystem An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities are spaced sufficiently far apart to allow sunlight to illuminate the understory. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodland A process during which humans rear animals or plants on land for harvest and consumption. Expand the sites of occurrence listed as axioms as new terms emerge. agriculture agricultural process A process during which humans rear animals or plants on land for harvest and consumption. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 An agricultural process during which humans rear plants on land for harvest and consumption. Expand the sites of occurrence listed as axioms as new terms emerge. agronomy agronomic process An agricultural process during which humans rear plants on land for harvest and consumption. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 An agricultural process during which humans rear animals on land for harvest and consumption. Expand the sites of occurrence listed as axioms as new terms emerge. agriculture animal husbandry An agricultural process during which humans rear animals on land for harvest and consumption. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 An aquaculture process during which humans rear crustaceans. crustacean aquaculture aquaculture of crustaceans crustacean farming process An aquaculture process during which humans rear crustaceans. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 An aquaculture process during which humans rear finfish. finfish aquaculture aquaculture of finfish finfish farming process An aquaculture process during which humans rear finfish. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 An aquaculture process during which humans rear molluscs. mollusc aquaculture aquaculture of molluscs mollusc farming process An aquaculture process during which humans rear molluscs. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 An aquaculture process during which humans rear seaweed. seaweed aquaculture aquaculture of seaweed seaweed farming process An aquaculture process during which humans rear seaweed. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 An aquaculture process during which humans rear freshwater macrophytes. freshwater macrophyte aquaculture aquaculture of freshwater macrophytes freshwater macrophyte farming process An aquaculture process during which humans rear freshwater macrophytes. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 An aquaculture process during which humans rear animals. animal aquaculture aquaculture of animals animal aquaculture process An aquaculture process during which humans rear animals. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 An aquaculture process during which humans rear plants. This is unlikely to be limited to Viridiplantae, better axiomatisation should be sought in revisions. plant aquaculture aquaculture of plants plant aquaculture process An aquaculture process during which humans rear plants. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 A shrimp pond which is embedded in a coastal water body. "Shrimp" is a common language term that may refer to multiple crustacean species, typically in the groups Caridea or Dendrobranchiatamarine. These may be marine or freshwater organisms. coastal shrimp pond A shrimp pond which is embedded in a coastal water body. http://www.fao.org/3/contents/76b2641d-29e4-51b0-b9e5-6ca46beb0d9f/AC210E02.htm http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrimp_farming Saline water which is derived from sea water and used during the cultivation of crustaceans. saline shrimp pond water A fog which is composed of liquid aerosols and gases derived from volcanic gas emissions (primarily sulfur oxides), formed when sulfur-bearing gases react with sunlight, oxygen, and moisture in an atmosphere. "Vog and smog are different. Vog is formed when sulfur oxides emitted by a volcano react with moisture to form an aerosol. The aerosol scatters light, thus making the vog visible. Smog is formed largely from the incomplete combustion of fuel, reacting with nitrogen oxides and ozone produced from carbon monoxide by reactions with sunlight. The result is also a visible aerosol." vog A fog which is composed of liquid aerosols and gases derived from volcanic gas emissions (primarily sulfur oxides), formed when sulfur-bearing gases react with sunlight, oxygen, and moisture in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vog "Vog and smog are different. Vog is formed when sulfur oxides emitted by a volcano react with moisture to form an aerosol. The aerosol scatters light, thus making the vog visible. Smog is formed largely from the incomplete combustion of fuel, reacting with nitrogen oxides and ozone produced from carbon monoxide by reactions with sunlight. The result is also a visible aerosol." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vog A process during which materials deemed to be waste are removed from a site and transported to another site designated for its storage. transport of waste to a designated storage site A process during which materials deemed to be waste are removed from a site and transported to another site designated for its storage. EuPath team; https://eupathdb.org/eupathdb/ A process during which materials deemed to be waste are transported away from a site. waste disposal process A process during which materials deemed to be waste are transported away from a site. EuPath team; https://eupathdb.org/eupathdb/ A waste disposal process during which the feces of human children is transported to a designated storage site. child feces disposal transport of child feces to a designated site A waste disposal process during which the feces of human children is transported to a designated storage site. EuPath team; https://eupathdb.org/eupathdb/ A process during which materials used in a household and deemed to be waste are removed from the housing unit and transported to another site designated for its storage. household waste disposal transport of household waste to a designated storage site A process during which materials used in a household and deemed to be waste are removed from the housing unit and transported to another site designated for its storage. EuPath team; https://eupathdb.org/eupathdb/ A site which has been designated as a place where humans may defecate. defecation area area designated for human defecation A site which has been designated as a place where humans may defecate. EuPath team; https://eupathdb.org/eupathdb/ A site which has been designated for the storage of waste material. waste disposal site waste storage site area designated for waste storage A site which has been designated for the storage of waste material. EuPath team; https://eupathdb.org/eupathdb/ An environmental pollution process during which the temperature of an environmental system, or parts thereof, is raised above its natural levels. thermal pollution An environmental pollution process during which the temperature of an environmental system, or parts thereof, is raised above its natural levels. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_pollution A thermal pollution process which occurs in a water body or aquatic environment. thermal pollution of an aquatic system A thermal pollution process which occurs in a water body or aquatic environment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_pollution Water which accumulates on a solid surface during precipitation events and snow/ice melt. storm water "Stormwater can soak into the soil (infiltrate), be held on the surface and evaporate, or runoff and end up in nearby streams, rivers, or other water bodies (surface water)." stormwater Water which accumulates on a solid surface during precipitation events and snow/ice melt. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormwater "Stormwater can soak into the soil (infiltrate), be held on the surface and evaporate, or runoff and end up in nearby streams, rivers, or other water bodies (surface water)." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormwater Stormwater which accumulates in an urban ecosystem. urban storm water "Stormwater can soak into the soil (infiltrate), be held on the surface and evaporate, or runoff and end up in nearby streams, rivers, or other water bodies (surface water)." urban stormwater Stormwater which accumulates in an urban ecosystem. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormwater "Stormwater can soak into the soil (infiltrate), be held on the surface and evaporate, or runoff and end up in nearby streams, rivers, or other water bodies (surface water)." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormwater An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by constructed or manufactured objects and materials, possibly interspersed with cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation. area of developed space An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by constructed or manufactured objects and materials, possibly interspersed with cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php Stormwater which accumulates in a rural ecosystem. rural storm water "Stormwater can soak into the soil (infiltrate), be held on the surface and evaporate, or runoff and end up in nearby streams, rivers, or other water bodies (surface water)." rural stormwater Stormwater which accumulates in a rural ecosystem. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormwater "Stormwater can soak into the soil (infiltrate), be held on the surface and evaporate, or runoff and end up in nearby streams, rivers, or other water bodies (surface water)." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormwater A surface layer through which liquids or gases cannot pass. impermeable surface layer A surface layer through which liquids or gases cannot pass. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impervious_surface A construction which comprises a durable surface layer overlying a solid surface intended to sustain vehicular or foot traffic. constructed pavement A construction which comprises a durable surface layer overlying a solid surface intended to sustain vehicular or foot traffic. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_surface A layer which is primarily composed of some liquid material. liquid layer A layer throughout which one or more qualities (e.g. pressure, temperature, velocity, density) maintain an approximately constant value. Isosurfaces are not equivalent to a "surface layer" in the sense of overlapping an external boundary. Further, this class is concerned only with material isosurfaces, not with mathematical abstractions. material isosurface A layer throughout which one or more qualities (e.g. pressure, temperature, velocity, density) maintain an approximately constant value. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isosurface A layer which is primarily composed of some solid material, allowing for non-solid parts such as interstitial pockets of gas or liquid. solid layer A layer which is primarily composed of some solid material, allowing for non-solid parts such as interstitial pockets of gas or liquid. water ice layer A road which is primarily composed of asphalt. asphalt road A road which is primarily composed of concrete. concrete road A constructed pavement which is built on the side of a road and intended for foot traffic. pavement footpath footway "In some places, the same term may also be used for a paved path, trail or footpath that is not next to a road, for example, a path through a park." sidewalk A constructed pavement which is built on the side of a road and intended for foot traffic. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidewalk "In some places, the same term may also be used for a paved path, trail or footpath that is not next to a road, for example, a path through a park." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidewalk A road which is used for local access to one or more structures, and is privately owned and maintained by an individual or group. driveway A road which is used for local access to one or more structures, and is privately owned and maintained by an individual or group. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driveway A constructed pavement which is used for parking vehicles. car lot car park parking lot paved parking lot A constructed pavement which is used for parking vehicles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parking_lot Dust which is composed primarily of slicon dioxide. silica dust Dust which is primarily composed of aluminium particles. aluminium dust Dust which is primarily composed of barium particles. barium dust Dust which is primarily composed of hydrated magnesium silicate (talc) particles. talc dust Dust which is primarily composed of slate particles. slate dust A fire which occurs in an industrial area or building. environmental_hazards industrial fire Dust which is primarily composed of kaolinite particles. kaolinite dust kaolin dust A land fire which consumes low-growing plants such as scrub and brush. environmental_hazards brush fire A land fire which occurs in a large uncleared or sparsely settled area (as in Australia) usually scrub-covered or forested. environmental_hazards "Bush" is a rather loosely defined regional term, primarily used in Australia. bush fire A fire which occurs in a pastureland. environmental_hazards pasture fire A fire which occurs on land, typically consuming a terrestrial ecosystem as fuel. land fire A vegetated area which has not been cleared or is sparsely settled, usually scrub-covered or forested the bush "Bush" is a rather loosely defined regional term, primarily used in Australia. bush area A vegetated area which has not been cleared or is sparsely settled, usually scrub-covered or forested https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bush#h1 An atmospheric storm which is generated by the heating and convection of moist and unstable air masses. "Convective storms range from localised thunderstorms (with heavy rain and/or hail, lightning, high winds, tornadoes) to meso-scale, multi-day events." convective storm An atmospheric storm which is generated by the heating and convection of moist and unstable air masses. http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Convective_storm http://www.emdat.be/Glossary "Convective storms range from localised thunderstorms (with heavy rain and/or hail, lightning, high winds, tornadoes) to meso-scale, multi-day events." http://www.emdat.be/Glossary A warm-core cyclone which occurs in the middle and high latitudes, primarily drawing energy from horizontal temperature contrasts between atmospheric fronts. mid-latitude cyclone environmental_hazards "When associated with cold fronts, extratropical cyclones may be particularly damaging (e.g. European winter/windstorm, Nor’easter)." extra-tropical cyclone A warm-core cyclone which occurs in the middle and high latitudes, primarily drawing energy from horizontal temperature contrasts between atmospheric fronts. http://www.emdat.be/Glossary "When associated with cold fronts, extratropical cyclones may be particularly damaging (e.g. European winter/windstorm, Nor’easter)." http://www.emdat.be/Glossary A an atmospheric storm which originates over tropical or subtropical waters and possesses a warm-core, non-frontal synoptic-scale cyclone with a low pressure centre, spiral rain bands and strong winds. environmental_hazards tropical storm A an atmospheric storm which originates over tropical or subtropical waters and possesses a warm-core, non-frontal synoptic-scale cyclone with a low pressure centre, spiral rain bands and strong winds. http://www.emdat.be/Glossary An atmospheric storm during which a large air mass rotates around a centre of low atmospheric pressure, generating winds which spiral towards that centre. environmental_hazards cyclone An atmospheric storm during which a large air mass rotates around a centre of low atmospheric pressure, generating winds which spiral towards that centre. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclone A cyclone which rotates around an area low atmospheric pressure with increased temperature. warm-core cyclone environmental_hazards The threshold of what is "warm" is variable, and thus data-level thresholding should be applied when using this class. warm core cyclone A cyclone which rotates around an area low atmospheric pressure with increased temperature. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclone An environmental zone which is part of an atmosphere. atmospheric area atmospheric zone An atmospheric zone in which atmospheric gaseous masses have reduced atmospheric pressure. Air is not specified directly (although the definition subsumes air masses) to allow for other forms of low pressure areas in planetary atmospheres. area of low atmospheric pressure A layer of liquid that is part of an estuary. envoMarine envoPolar aquatic estuarine layer A layer of liquid that is part of an estuary. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A layer of estuarine water which extends a few centimeters from the surface of the water column towards the estuary bed and from the shore to a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters. CMECS:595 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/595.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine coastal surface layer A role which is may be realised by an environmental system ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar Experimental class. environmental role An oasis is a vegetated area located in a desert, supplied with water from a water source which it surrounds, and surrounded by arid soil, sand, or rock. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oasis cienaga oasis A vegetated area is a geographic feature which has ground cover dominated by plant communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar vegetated area An environment which is determined by a bone element. envoMeo bone element environment A geographic feature which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of liquid water held in shape or sustained by an environmental process. Should create links to envrionmental process with new relation like "sustained_by" Similar, in spirit, to landform. hydroform Should create links to envrionmental process with new relation like "sustained_by" ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A liquid surface layer which is in contact with air. liquid air-water interface layer A liquid surface layer which is in contact with air. liquid surface layer A liquid surface layer which is in contact with air. solid surface layer A layer of estuarine water which extends from the surface of the water column to the pycnocline or mid-depth and from the shore to a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters. "Mid-depth", present in many CMECS classes, is ambiguous and needs refinement. CMECS:596 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/596.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine coastal upper water column A layer of estuarine water which constitutes the pycnocline from the shore to to a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters. CMECS:597 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/597.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine coastal pycnocline A layer of estuarine water which extends from an estuarine pycnocline or mid-depth to the estuarine bed and from the shore to a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters. "Mid-depth", present in many CMECS classes, is ambiguous and needs refinement. CMECS:598 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/598.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine coastal lower water column A layer of estuarine water which extends a few centimeters from the surface of the water column towards the estuary bed and from a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters until the end of the estuary most distal from the coast. CMECS:599 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/599.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine open water surface layer A layer of estuarine water which extends from the surface of the water column to the pycnocline or mid-depth and from a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters until the end of the estuary most distal from the coast. "Mid-depth", present in many CMECS classes, is ambiguous and needs refinement. CMECS:600 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/600.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine open water upper water column A layer of fresh estuarine water which extends a few centimeters from the surface of the water column towards the estuary bed and from the land-water interface to a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters. What causes this freshwater layer to be "tidal" is not clearly specified in the current CMECS definition. CMECS:603 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/603.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine tidal riverine coastal surface layer A layer of fresh estuarine water which extends from the surface of the water column to the pycnocline or mid-depth and from the land-water interface to a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters. "Mid-depth", present in many CMECS classes, is ambiguous and needs refinement. What causes this freshwater layer to be "tidal" is not clearly specified in the current CMECS definition. CMECS:604 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/604.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine tidal riverine coastal upper water column A body of water which is primarily composed of saline water. saline body of water This class has its subclasses populated by inference. saline water body A body of water which is primarily composed of saline water. fresh body of water This class has its subclasses populated by inference. fresh water body A body of water which is primarily composed of brackish water. brackish body of water This class has its subclasses populated by inference. brackish water body A layer of estuarine water which extends from an estuarine pycnocline or mid-depth to the estuary bed and from a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters to end of the estuary most distal from the coast. "Mid-depth", present in many CMECS classes, is ambiguous and needs refinement. CMECS:602 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/602.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine open water lower water column A layer of estuarine water which constitutes the pycnocline from a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters until the end of the estuary most distal from the coast. CMECS:601 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/601.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine open water pycnocline An estuarine coastal pycnocline which is composed primarily of fresh tidal water. What causes this freshwater layer to be "tidal" is not clearly specified in the current CMECS definition. Further, the original definition and label do not clearly state whether this is a pycnocline in its own right, or just the tidal freshwater part of the pycnocline. In this ENVO class, we follow the semantics suggested by the label and treat this as a type of estuarine coastal pycnocline. CMECS:605 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/605.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine tidal riverine coastal pycnocline A layer of fresh estuarine water which extends from an estuarine pycnocline or mid-depth to the estuarine bed and from the land-water interface to a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters. "Mid-depth", present in many CMECS classes, is ambiguous and needs refinement. What causes this freshwater layer to be "tidal" is not clearly specified in the current CMECS definition. CMECS:606 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/606.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine tidal riverine coastal lower water column A layer of fresh estuarine water which extends a few centimeters from the surface of the water column towards the estuary bed and from a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters until the end of the estuary most distal from the coast. What causes this freshwater layer to be "tidal" is not clearly specified in the current CMECS definition. CMECS:607 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/607.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine tidal riverine open water surface layer A layer of estuarine water which extends from the surface of the water column to the pycnocline or mid-depth and from a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters until the end of the estuary most distal from the coast. "Mid-depth", present in many CMECS classes, is ambiguous and needs refinement. What causes this freshwater layer to be "tidal" is not clearly specified in the current CMECS definition. CMECS:608 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/608.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine tidal riverine open water upper water column An estuarine open water pycnocline which is composed primarily of fresh tidal water. What causes this freshwater layer to be "tidal" is not clearly specified in the current CMECS definition. Further, the original definition and label do not clearly state whether this is a pycnocline in its own right, or just the tidal freshwater part of the pycnocline. In this ENVO class, we follow the semantics suggested by the label and treat this as a type of estuarine open water pycnocline. CMECS:609 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/609.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine tidal riverine open water pycnocline A layer of fresh estuarine water which extends from an estuarine pycnocline or mid-depth to the estuary bed and from a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters to end of the estuary most distal from the coast. "Mid-depth", present in many CMECS classes, is ambiguous and needs refinement. What causes this freshwater layer to be "tidal" is not clearly specified in the current CMECS definition. CMECS:610 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/610.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine tidal riverine open water lower water column A biogeochemical cycle which has nitrogen-bearing chemical entities as participants. envoPolar nitrogen cycling A biogeochemical cycle which has sulfur-bearing chemical entities as participants. sulphur cycling envoPolar sulfur cycling A biogeochemical cycle which has phosphorous-bearing chemical entities as participants. sulphur cycling envoPolar phosphorous cycling A tidal flow process which occurs in an ocean or sea and during which tidal movements generate advective flows, often amplified in velocity when moving through an inlet, pass or channel. tidal flow CMECS:643 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/643.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. marine tidal flow process A material transport process during which a volume of material is displaced due to a disequilirium in physical forces and during which 1) the qualities that inhere in that volume and 2) the processes that are unfolding within it are largely unchanged. advective transport Advective processes are disjoint from diffusive processes. Typically, fluids are advected. advective transport process A material transport process during which a volume of material is displaced due to a disequilirium in physical forces and during which 1) the qualities that inhere in that volume and 2) the processes that are unfolding within it are largely unchanged. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advection https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensive_and_extensive_properties An ice mass which is attached to a bed underneath a body of water. bottom-fast ice anchor ice An ice mass which is attached to a bed underneath a body of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchor_ice A marine current which is maintained by a tidal flow process. marine tidal current envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to an ambiguously defined unit of the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS), "Tidal Flow" (https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/643.html). In CMECS, this is treated as a hydroform, but is defined as a process (while some of its subclasses are not). In ENVO, we have aligned the CMECS unit according to its definition as a process (ENVO:01001333); however, we maintain this class to allow reference to the hydroform maintained by that process. marine tidal flow Anchor ice which is attached to a riverbed. riverine bottom-fast ice riverine anchor ice Anchor ice which is attached to a riverbed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchor_ice A marine zone in which ocean waters undergo a diurnal (once per day) tidal oscillation - with one high and one low tide per day - due to the supression of a second daily oscillation by the geometry of the ocean basin and obstructions presented by land masses. diurnal tidal flow CMECS:664 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/664.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. In this case, the definition aligns with ENVO's "environmental zone" semantics. Alternate classes have been created to accommodate the process of diurnal tidal flow. The as the frequency of the process does not influence the semantics of the resulting hydroform, please use ENVO_01001336 to reference the hydroform rather than the zone or the process. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. diurnal marine tidal flow zone A tidal flow process which occurs once per day in ocean waters where a second daily oscillation is blocked by land masses or ocean basin geometry. diurnal tidal flow envoCmecs envoMarine This class broadly aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). This class is provided as the processual equivalent of CMECS unit 664 "Diurnal Tidal Flow" (https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/664.html); however, based on its definition, CMECS:664 is more accurately mapped to ENVO:01001338 as the definition aligns with ENVO's "environmental zone" semantics. A class has been created to accommodate the semantics of the resulting hydroform (ENVO:01001336). Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. diurnal marine tidal flow process A marine tidal flow zone in which ocean waters undergo a semi-diurnal (twice per day) tidal oscillation - with two high and two low tides per day of roughly equal amplitude. semi-diurnal tidal flow CMECS:666 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/666.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. In this case, the definition aligns with ENVO's "environmental zone" semantics. Alternate classes have been created to accommodate the process of diurnal tidal flow. The as the frequency of the process does not influence the semantics of the resulting hydroform, please use ENVO:01001336 to reference the hydroform rather than the zone or the process. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. semi-diurnal marine tidal flow zone An environmental zone in which varying gravitational forces from astronomical bodies, combined with the rotation of the astronomical body containing the zone, cause marine waters to undergo periodic depth oscillations (tides). envoCmecs envoMarine marine tidal flow zone An environmental zone in which varying gravitational forces from astronomical bodies, combined with the rotation of the astronomical body containing the zone, cause marine waters to undergo periodic depth oscillations (tides). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tide A water flow process during which movements of water masses caused by varying gravitational and rotational forces from astronomical bodies, combined with the rotation of the astronomical body containing the water mass, cause waters to undergo periodic depth oscillations (tides). tidal flow envoCmecs envoMarine tidal flow process A marine tidal flow process which occurs twice per day, resulting in two high and two low tides per day, both of roughly equal amplitude. semi-diurnal tidal flow envoCmecs envoMarine This class broadly aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). This class is provided as the processual equivalent of CMECS unit 666 "Semi-diurnal Tidal Flow" (https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/666.html); however, based on its definition, CMECS:666 is more accurately mapped to ENVO:01001340 as the definition aligns with ENVO's "environmental zone" semantics. A class has been created to accommodate the semantics of the resulting hydroform (ENVO:01001336). Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. semi-diurnal marine tidal flow process Anchor ice which is attached to a riverbed where a river flows into a marine water body and which is formed by the freezing of freshwater seeping out of the riverbed's sediments. fresh water seep riverine anchor ice fresh water seep riverine bottom-fast ice freshwater seep riverine bottom-fast ice freshwater seep riverine anchor ice Anchor ice which is attached to a riverbed where a river flows into a marine water body and which is formed by the freezing of freshwater seeping out of the riverbed's sediments. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchor_ice An ice mass which is suspended in a water body, being sufficiently buoyant for part of the mass to breach the surface of that water body. floating ice mass An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one location on the surface of an astronomical body, transporting it to another location where it is deposited. erosion An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one location on the surface of an astronomical body, transporting it to another location where it is deposited. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion A zone on a glacier which is roughly linear and where the rates of ice ablation and accumulation are approximately equal. equilibrium limit equilibrium line firn limit firn line glacial equlibrium line A zone on a glacier which is roughly linear and where the rates of ice ablation and accumulation are approximately equal. https://github.com/Vocamp/Virtual-Hackahon-on-Glacier-topic/issues/12 https://www.americangeosciences.org/pubs/glossary A zone in which the deposition and accumulation of an environmental material occurs. accumulation zone material accumulation zone A zone in which processes resulting in the removal of one or more environmental materials have higher rates than pocesses which result in their deposition and accumulation. decumulation zone material decumulation zone A material accumulation zone in which the rates of ice formation processes exceed those of ice decumulation processes, leading to a net icrease in some mass of ice. area of ice gain ice accumulation area ice gain zone zone of ice gain ice accumulation zone A material decumulation zone in which the rates of ice formation processes are below those of ice decumulation processes, leading to a net decrease in some mass of ice. area of ice gain ice accumulation area ice gain zone zone of ice gain ice decumulation zone A material accumulation zone in which the rates of ice formation processes exceed those of ice decumulation processes, leading to a net icrease in some mass of ice. area of glacial ice gain glacial ice accumulation area glacial ice gain zone zone of glacial ice gain glacial ice accumulation zone 2 An environmental zone in which the rates of two or more processes are roughly equal to one another. environmental zone of processual equilibrium A glacier which is contained in the site bounded by a volcanic crater. crater glacier volcanic crater glacier The site which is located in a crater. crater zone The site which is located in a volcanic crater. volcanic crater zone A landform which has been rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall. desert A climate which is realised through hydrological processes. hydroclimate A climate which is realised through hydrological processes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hydroclimate An aerosol formation event which occurs in an atmosphere. rapid formation of liquid or solid particles from gaseous material in an atmosphere new particle formation event atmospheric new particle formation event Note that the detection of such events, and thus the thresholds used to define them in the field, are operational and dependent on the technology and observation strategy used. The event must be intense enough, occur in a large enough area, and persist for enough time to allow the formed particle population to be observed. There are no exact or universally agreed upon thresholds for the intensity, area and duration of such events. If elevated new particle formation rate is observed in the atmosphere (away from direct sources of the related gas-phase molecules) for an operationally defined period of time, practitioners often declare that such an event has taken place. atmospheric aerosol formation event An aerosol formation event which occurs in an atmosphere. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/602 Note that the detection of such events, and thus the thresholds used to define them in the field, are operational and dependent on the technology and observation strategy used. The event must be intense enough, occur in a large enough area, and persist for enough time to allow the formed particle population to be observed. There are no exact or universally agreed upon thresholds for the intensity, area and duration of such events. If elevated new particle formation rate is observed in the atmosphere (away from direct sources of the related gas-phase molecules) for an operationally defined period of time, practitioners often declare that such an event has taken place. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/602 An alpine tundra ecosystem which exists above the continuous timberline but below the permanent snowline on elevated land in tropical regions. Paramo ecosystems are known to be evolutionary hotspots and large daily fluctuations in temperature and humidity, often resulting in dialy freez-thaw cycles. Paramo An alpine tundra ecosystem which exists above the continuous timberline but below the permanent snowline on elevated land in tropical regions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1ramo Paramo ecosystems are known to be evolutionary hotspots and large daily fluctuations in temperature and humidity, often resulting in dialy freez-thaw cycles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1ramo A direction which inheres in an atmospheric wind, typically expressed as the inverse of the direction the wind is moving in. atmospheric wind direction A direction which inheres in an atmospheric wind, typically expressed as the inverse of the direction the wind is moving in. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_direction The speed of an atmospheric wind. flow velocity of wind speed of wind wind flow velocity wind speed speed of atmospheric wind atmospheric wind speed The speed of an atmospheric wind. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_speed The volume of water which has fallen during a precipitation process. Niederschlagsmenge precipitation amount precipitation precipitation level precipitation quantity While the precipitated material may be water in any of its forms, the volume that this class refers to is that of liquid water. volume of hydrological precipitation The volume of water which has fallen during a precipitation process. http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niederschlag#Niederschlagsmenge A system which consists of an atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, land surface, and biosphere, forced or influenced by external processes. This class, from the IPCC report, is naturally focused on the Earth's climate. The report cites the Sun as the agent of the most important forcing processes. It also considers the direct effect of human activities on the climate system an external forcing climate system A system which consists of an atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, land surface, and biosphere, forced or influenced by external processes. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/604 https://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/wg1/040.htm This class, from the IPCC report, is naturally focused on the Earth's climate. The report cites the Sun as the agent of the most important forcing processes. It also considers the direct effect of human activities on the climate system an external forcing https://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/wg1/040.htm A process during which gas-phase molecules form solid or liquid particles that are stable enough to continue growing in size - via the condensation or aggregation of other gas-phase molecules - at a greater rate than their constituents re-enter gas phase. formation of liquid or solid particles from gaseous material in an atmosphere new particle formation atmospheric formation of an aerosol atmospheric new particle formation process formation of an aerosol in an atmosphere formation of an aerosol in the atmosphere formation of particles from gaseous material in an atmosphere new particle formation atmospheric secondary aerosol formation process A process during which gas-phase molecules form solid or liquid particles that are stable enough to continue growing in size - via the condensation or aggregation of other gas-phase molecules - at a greater rate than their constituents re-enter gas phase. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A process during which an aerosol is formed. aerosol formation aerosol formation process A process during which an aerosol is formed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates An aerosol formation process during which solid or liquid particles are directly introduced into a volume of gas. primary aerosol formation primary aerosol formation process An aerosol formation process during which solid or liquid particles are directly introduced into a volume of gas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates An aerosol formation process during which solid or liquid particles are formed in a volume of gas through gas-to-liquid or gas-to-solid conversions. new particle formation secondary aerosol formation secondary aerosol formation process An aerosol formation process during which solid or liquid particles are formed in a volume of gas through gas-to-liquid or gas-to-solid conversions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A shrubland biome which is densely vegetated by dwarf or short mangroves (and associates) that are generally less than 6 meters in height, is tidally influenced, is located in tropical or subtropical areas. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 CMECS:577 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/577.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. CMECS provides the following notes: "Commonly found on intertidal mud flats along the shores of estuaries. Tidal mangrove shrublands may include immature stands or stunted mature trees that indicate a harsh growing environment. Areas characterized by tall mangroves (> 6 meters) are placed in the Tidal Mangrove Forest Biotic Group. Where tidal amplitude is relatively low, the vegetation forms narrow bands along the coastal plains, and it rarely penetrates inland more than several kilometers along rivers. Where tidal amplitude is greater, mangroves extend further inland along river courses, forming extensive stands in the major river deltas. Also, mangrove cays may occur within the lagoon complex of barrier reefs. The list of biotic communities for this group is long: a few examples are provided below, and the complete list is available in Appendix F" tidal mangrove shrubland An ecosystem which 1) typically has monthly average temperatures below 10 degrees Celsius 2) has a low evapotranspiration ratio and 3) is determined by communities of low-growing vegetation such as dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 SPIRE:Tundra envoPolar tundra ecosystem A tundra ecosystem which exists at high altitudes and where vegetation is stunted due to low temperatures and high winds. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 SPIRE:Tundra envoPolar alpine tundra ecosystem A tundra ecosystem which exists at high altitudes and where vegetation is stunted due to low temperatures and high winds. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_tundra An aerosol formation process during which the rate of particle formation exceeds that which is normally present in the site of its occurrence. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 new particle formation event This is similar to the semantics of storms, where increased rates are observed due to external forcings. aerosol formation event An aerosol formation process during which the rate of particle formation exceeds that which is normally present in the site of its occurrence. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/602 An aerosol formation event which occurs in an atmosphere. rapid formation of liquid or solid particles from gaseous material in an atmosphere http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 new particle formation event atmospheric new particle formation event Note that the detection of such events, and thus the thresholds used to define them in the field, are operational and dependent on the technology and observation strategy used. The event must be intense enough, occur in a large enough area, and persist for enough time to allow the formed particle population to be observed. There are no exact or universally agreed upon thresholds for the intensity, area and duration of such events. If elevated new particle formation rate is observed in the atmosphere (away from direct sources of the related gas-phase molecules) for an operationally defined period of time, practitioners often declare that such an event has taken place. secondary atmospheric aerosol formation event An aerosol formation event which occurs in an atmosphere. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/602 Note that the detection of such events, and thus the thresholds used to define them in the field, are operational and dependent on the technology and observation strategy used. The event must be intense enough, occur in a large enough area, and persist for enough time to allow the formed particle population to be observed. There are no exact or universally agreed upon thresholds for the intensity, area and duration of such events. If elevated new particle formation rate is observed in the atmosphere (away from direct sources of the related gas-phase molecules) for an operationally defined period of time, practitioners often declare that such an event has taken place. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/602 A hypodermic needle is a medical instrument made from a hollow needle. It is commonly used with a syringe to inject substances into the body of an organism. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypodermic_needle ENVO ENVO:02000000 hypodermic needle A hypodermic needle is a medical instrument made from a hollow needle. It is commonly used with a syringe to inject substances into the body of an organism. GEMINA:ag https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypodermic_needle A textile is a manufactured product comprised of a network of natural or artificial fibers (often referred to as thread or yarn). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile ENVO ENVO:02000001 textile A textile is a manufactured product comprised of a network of natural or artificial fibers (often referred to as thread or yarn). GEMINA:ag https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile Bedclothing is a textile covering used on a bed as a sheet, blanket, or pillowcase. ENVO ENVO:02000002 bedclothing Bedclothing is a textile covering used on a bed as a sheet, blanket, or pillowcase. GEMINA:ag URL:http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=bedclothing&r=66 URL:http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/bedclothes A pockmark field is an undersea feature formed by shallow seabed depressions, typically several tens of metres across and a few metres deep. Generally, they are formed in soft, fine-grained seabed sediments by the escape of fluids (gas or water, but mainly methane) into the water column. ENVO ENVO:02000003 pockmark field A pockmark field is an undersea feature formed by shallow seabed depressions, typically several tens of metres across and a few metres deep. Generally, they are formed in soft, fine-grained seabed sediments by the escape of fluids (gas or water, but mainly methane) into the water column. GEMINA:ag https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pockmark Nesting material is an animal habitation consisting of matierals used to cushion, insulate and protect the young of the organism. The adult will use the material to form a protective structure to house and raise their young. Nests are built primarily by birds, but also by mammals, fish, insects and reptiles. ENVO ENVO:02000004 nesting material Nesting material is an animal habitation consisting of matierals used to cushion, insulate and protect the young of the organism. The adult will use the material to form a protective structure to house and raise their young. Nests are built primarily by birds, but also by mammals, fish, insects and reptiles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nest Livestock is an animal-associated habitat consisting of any domestic or domesticated animal intentionally raised for food or in the production of food or raised as stock to produce food or fibre, in an agricultural setting or for its labour or pen-raised animals raised on licensed game farm operations. Livestock include: bovine animals (including buffalo and bison), ovine animals, porcine animals, caprine animals, , poultry, bees, equine animals, cervidae animals; animals of the genus Lama; ratites (Emu, Ostrich, and Rhea), fish or shellfish in aquaculture facilities, and enclosed domesticated rabbits or hares raised for human food or fiber. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livestock ENVO livestock ENVO:02000005 obsolete livestock-associated habitat true Livestock is an animal-associated habitat consisting of any domestic or domesticated animal intentionally raised for food or in the production of food or raised as stock to produce food or fibre, in an agricultural setting or for its labour or pen-raised animals raised on licensed game farm operations. Livestock include: bovine animals (including buffalo and bison), ovine animals, porcine animals, caprine animals, , poultry, bees, equine animals, cervidae animals; animals of the genus Lama; ratites (Emu, Ostrich, and Rhea), fish or shellfish in aquaculture facilities, and enclosed domesticated rabbits or hares raised for human food or fiber. URL:http://dnr.wi.gov/org/land/er/publications/wolfplan/plan8.htm URL:http://www.pbs.org/strangedays/glossary/L.html URL:http://www.vbgov.com/vgn.aspxLivestock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livestock Cultured habitat is an controlled habitat created by humans through laboratory techniques usually for the purposes of preparing cell, organ, tissue and plant tissue cultures. ENVO:01000312 ENVO ENVO:02000006 obsolete cultured habitat true Cultured habitat is an controlled habitat created by humans through laboratory techniques usually for the purposes of preparing cell, organ, tissue and plant tissue cultures. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_culture Tissue culture is the culture of cells, tissues or organs in a nutrient medium under sterile conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_culture tissue culture Tissue culture is the culture of cells, tissues or organs in a nutrient medium under sterile conditions. URL:http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/X3910E/X3910E23.htm#TopOfPage A cell culture is a growth of cells in vitro in an artificial medium for experimental research. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_culture cell culture A cell culture is a growth of cells in vitro in an artificial medium for experimental research. URL:http://stemcells.nih.gov/StemCells/Templates/StemCellContentPage.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRNODEGUID=%7b3C35BAB6-0FE6-4C4E-95F2-2CB61B58D96D%7d&NRORIGINALURL=%2finfo%2fglossary%2easp&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest#cellculture Plant tissue culture is the growth or maintenance of plant cells, tissues, organs or whole plants in vitro. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_tissue_culture plant tissue culture Plant tissue culture is the growth or maintenance of plant cells, tissues, organs or whole plants in vitro. URL:http://www.sivb.org/edu_terminology.asp Organ culture is the aseptic culture of complete living organs of animals and plants outside the body in a suitable culture medium. Animal organs must be small enough to allow the nutrients in the culture medium to penetrate all the cells. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_culture ENVO ENVO:02000010 organ culture Organ culture is the aseptic culture of complete living organs of animals and plants outside the body in a suitable culture medium. Animal organs must be small enough to allow the nutrients in the culture medium to penetrate all the cells. URL:http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/X3910E/X3910E18.htm FOODON:00001265 ENVO ENVO:02000011 obsolete buffalo milk true FOODON:00001266 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camel_milk ENVO ENVO:02000012 obsolete camel milk true FOODON:00001267 ENVO ENVO:02000013 obsolete donkey milk true FOODON:00001268 ENVO ENVO:02000014 obsolete horse milk true FOODON:00001269 ENVO ENVO:02000015 obsolete reindeer milk true FOODON:00001270 ENVO ENVO:02000016 obsolete water buffalo milk true FOODON:00001271 ENVO ENVO:02000017 obsolete yak milk true FOODON:00001272 ENVO ENVO:02000018 obsolete zebra milk true An organic material which is primarily composed of some natural bodily fluid or secretion such as blood, semen, saliva, blood plasma, intracellular and interstitial fluids. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodily_fluid ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. bodily fluid material An organic material which is primarily composed of some natural bodily fluid or secretion such as blood, semen, saliva, blood plasma, intracellular and interstitial fluids. URL:http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bodily+fluid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_fluid A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of blood, a bodily fluid composed of blood plasma and blood cells suspended within the plasma that circulates around the organism's body. Blood performs may important functions including the supplying of oxygen and nutrients, removal of waste, circulation of white blood cells, detection of antibodes, coagulation, transportation of antibodies and the regulation of pH and body temperature. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. blood material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of blood, a bodily fluid composed of blood plasma and blood cells suspended within the plasma that circulates around the organism's body. Blood performs may important functions including the supplying of oxygen and nutrients, removal of waste, circulation of white blood cells, detection of antibodes, coagulation, transportation of antibodies and the regulation of pH and body temperature. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_fluid A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of amniotic fluid, a bodily fluid consisting of watery liquid surrounding and cushioning a growing fetus within the amnion. It allows the fetus to move freely without the walls of the uterus being too tight against its body. Buoyancy is also provided. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. amniotic fluid material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of amniotic fluid, a bodily fluid consisting of watery liquid surrounding and cushioning a growing fetus within the amnion. It allows the fetus to move freely without the walls of the uterus being too tight against its body. Buoyancy is also provided. URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amniotic_fluid A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of excreta, bodily fluids consisting of matter which contains the waste products of biological processes, including urine or feces, discharged from an organism's body. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. excreta material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of excreta, bodily fluids consisting of matter which contains the waste products of biological processes, including urine or feces, discharged from an organism's body. URL:http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/excreta A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of bile, a bodily fluid consisting of a bitter, yellow or green alkaline fluid secreted by hepatocytes from the liver of most vertebrates. In many species, bile is stored in the gallbladder between meals and upon eating is discharged into the duodenum where the bile aids the process of digestion of lipids. gall ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. bile material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of bile, a bodily fluid consisting of a bitter, yellow or green alkaline fluid secreted by hepatocytes from the liver of most vertebrates. In many species, bile is stored in the gallbladder between meals and upon eating is discharged into the duodenum where the bile aids the process of digestion of lipids. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of aqueous humour, a bodily fluid consisting of a thick watery substance that fills the space between the lens and the cornea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueous_humour ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. aqueous humour material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of aqueous humour, a bodily fluid consisting of a thick watery substance that fills the space between the lens and the cornea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueous_humour An excreta material which is composed primarily of sweat, an excreta consisting primarily of water as well as a smaller amount of sodium chloride that is excreted by the sweat glands in the skin of mammals. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. sweat material An excreta material which is composed primarily of sweat, an excreta consisting primarily of water as well as a smaller amount of sodium chloride that is excreted by the sweat glands in the skin of mammals. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweat A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of chyme, a bodily fluid consisting of a liquid substance found in the stomach before passing through the pyloric valve and entering the duodenum. It results from the mechanical and chemical breakdown of a bolus and consists of partially digested food, water, hydrochloric acid, and various digestive enzymes. chymus ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. chyme material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of chyme, a bodily fluid consisting of a liquid substance found in the stomach before passing through the pyloric valve and entering the duodenum. It results from the mechanical and chemical breakdown of a bolus and consists of partially digested food, water, hydrochloric acid, and various digestive enzymes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chyme A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of blood plasma, a bodily fluid that comprises the liquid component of blood, in which the blood cells are suspended. It makes up about 55% of total blood volume. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_plasma ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. blood plasma material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of blood plasma, a bodily fluid that comprises the liquid component of blood, in which the blood cells are suspended. It makes up about 55% of total blood volume. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_plasma A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of ear wax, a bodily fluid consisting of a yellowish, waxy substance secreted in the ear canal of humans and many other mammals. It plays an important role in the human ear canal, assisting in cleaning and lubrication, and also provides some protection from bacteria, fungi, and insects. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ear_wax cerumen material ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. ear wax material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of ear wax, a bodily fluid consisting of a yellowish, waxy substance secreted in the ear canal of humans and many other mammals. It plays an important role in the human ear canal, assisting in cleaning and lubrication, and also provides some protection from bacteria, fungi, and insects. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerumen A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of cerebrospinal fluid, a clear bodily fluid that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain. CSF is a clear bodily fluid that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluid CSF material Liquor cerebrospinalis ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. cerebrospinal fluid material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of cerebrospinal fluid, a clear bodily fluid that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain. CSF is a clear bodily fluid that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluid A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of chyle, a bodily fluid consisting of a milky fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats; formed in the small intestine during digestion of ingested fats. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chyle ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. chyle material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of chyle, a bodily fluid consisting of a milky fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats; formed in the small intestine during digestion of ingested fats. URL:http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=chyle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chyle A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of breast milk, is a bodily fluid produced that is secreted from two milk-secreting glandular organs on a female's chest. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. breast milk material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of breast milk, is a bodily fluid produced that is secreted from two milk-secreting glandular organs on a female's chest. URL:http://www.fcs.uga.edu/ext/bbb/info/glossary.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_milk A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of vitreous humor, a bodily fluid consisting of a clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eyeball of humans and other vertebrates. vitreous humour material ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. vitreous humor material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of vitreous humor, a bodily fluid consisting of a clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eyeball of humans and other vertebrates. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitreous_humour A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of a pleural effusion, a bodily fluid that is produced in excess and accumulates in the pleural cavity, the fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs. Excessive amounts of such fluid can impair breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs during inhalation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleural_effusion pleural effusion material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of a pleural effusion, a bodily fluid that is produced in excess and accumulates in the pleural cavity, the fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs. Excessive amounts of such fluid can impair breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs during inhalation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleural_fluid A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of a volume of tears, a bodily fluid consisting of a drop of the clear salty liquid secreted by glands (lacrimal glands) in the eyes. Tears wet the membrane covering the eye and help rid the eye of irritating substances. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. tear material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of a volume of tears, a bodily fluid consisting of a drop of the clear salty liquid secreted by glands (lacrimal glands) in the eyes. Tears wet the membrane covering the eye and help rid the eye of irritating substances. URL:http://www.thefreedictionary.com/tear A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of an oronasal secretion, a bodily fluid secreted from the body via the mouth or nose. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. oronasal secretion material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of an oronasal secretion, a bodily fluid secreted from the body via the mouth or nose. Gemina:ls A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of saliva, a slightly alkaline secretion of water, mucin, protein, salts, and often a starch-splitting enzyme (as ptyalin) that is secreted into the mouth by salivary glands, lubricates ingested food, and often begins the breakdown of starches. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. saliva material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of saliva, a slightly alkaline secretion of water, mucin, protein, salts, and often a starch-splitting enzyme (as ptyalin) that is secreted into the mouth by salivary glands, lubricates ingested food, and often begins the breakdown of starches. URL:http://medical.merriam-webster.com/medical/saliva A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of sebum, an oily bodily fluid secreted from the sebaceous glads that is made of fat (lipids) and the debris of dead fat-producing cells. In the glands, sebum is produced within specialized cells and is released as these cells burst. Sebum acts to protect and waterproof hair and skin, and keep them from becoming dry, brittle and cracked. It can also inhibit the growth of microorganisms on skin. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. sebum material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of sebum, an oily bodily fluid secreted from the sebaceous glads that is made of fat (lipids) and the debris of dead fat-producing cells. In the glands, sebum is produced within specialized cells and is released as these cells burst. Sebum acts to protect and waterproof hair and skin, and keep them from becoming dry, brittle and cracked. It can also inhibit the growth of microorganisms on skin. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebaceous_gland A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of pus, a bodily fluid consisting of a whitish-yellow or yellow substance produced during inflammatory responses of the body that can be found in regions of pyogenic bacterial infections. Pus is produced from the dead and living cells which travel into the intercellular spaces around the affected cells. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. pus material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of pus, a bodily fluid consisting of a whitish-yellow or yellow substance produced during inflammatory responses of the body that can be found in regions of pyogenic bacterial infections. Pus is produced from the dead and living cells which travel into the intercellular spaces around the affected cells. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pus A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of synovial fluid, a bodily fluid secreted by the synovial membrane into the joint cavity to form a thin layer at the surface of cartilage. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synovial_fluid ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. synovial fluid material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of synovial fluid, a bodily fluid secreted by the synovial membrane into the joint cavity to form a thin layer at the surface of cartilage. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synovial_fluid A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of mucus, a bodily fluid consisting of a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body. It is a viscous colloid containing antiseptic enzymes (such as lysozyme) and immunoglobulins. Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the mucous membranes that cover the surfaces of the membranes. It is made up of mucins and inorganic salts suspended in water. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. mucus material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of mucus, a bodily fluid consisting of a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body. It is a viscous colloid containing antiseptic enzymes (such as lysozyme) and immunoglobulins. Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the mucous membranes that cover the surfaces of the membranes. It is made up of mucins and inorganic salts suspended in water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucus A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of lymph, a bodily fluid consisting of a usually clear coagulable fluid that passes from intercellular spaces of body tissue into the lymphatic vessels, is discharged into the blood by way of the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct, and resembles blood plasma in containing white blood cells and especially lymphocytes but normally few red blood cells and no platelets. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. lymph material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of lymph, a bodily fluid consisting of a usually clear coagulable fluid that passes from intercellular spaces of body tissue into the lymphatic vessels, is discharged into the blood by way of the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct, and resembles blood plasma in containing white blood cells and especially lymphocytes but normally few red blood cells and no platelets. URL:http://medical.merriam-webster.com/medical/lymph A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of interstitial fluid, a bodily fluid consisting of a solution which bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals. It is the main component of the extracellular fluid, which also includes plasma and transcellular fluid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitial_fluid intercellular fluid material tissue fluid material ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. interstitial fluid material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of interstitial fluid, a bodily fluid consisting of a solution which bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals. It is the main component of the extracellular fluid, which also includes plasma and transcellular fluid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitial_fluid A biological product is an environmental substrate comprised of any virus, therapeutic serum, toxin, antitoxin, or analogous product available to prevent, treat or cure diseases or injuries in man. ENVO ENVO:02000043 This definition should be revised, it is currently too ambiguous. biological product A biological product is an environmental substrate comprised of any virus, therapeutic serum, toxin, antitoxin, or analogous product available to prevent, treat or cure diseases or injuries in man. URL:http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/research/resources/DAIDSClinRsrch/Glossary/ This definition should be revised, it is currently too ambiguous. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Siliceous ooze is a marine sediment composed of the debris of plankton with silica shells, such as diatoms and radiolaria. This ooze is limited to areas with high biological productivity, such as the polar oceans, and upwelling zones near the equator. The least common type of sediment, it covers only 15% of the ocean floor. It accumulates at a slower rate than calcareous ooze: 0.2-1 cm / 1000 yr. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliceous_ooze ENVO ENVO:02000044 envoPolar siliceous ooze Siliceous ooze is a marine sediment composed of the debris of plankton with silica shells, such as diatoms and radiolaria. This ooze is limited to areas with high biological productivity, such as the polar oceans, and upwelling zones near the equator. The least common type of sediment, it covers only 15% of the ocean floor. It accumulates at a slower rate than calcareous ooze: 0.2-1 cm / 1000 yr. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_sediment#_note-8 Red clay, also known as pelagic clay, accumulates in the deepest and most remote areas of the ocean. Containing less than 30% biogenic material, its composition is a varied mix of very fine quartz and clay minerals, authigenic deposits precipitated directly from seawater, and micrometeorites. Though called "red" because it sometimes takes the color of oxidized iron minerals, it is usually brownish in color. Its ultimate origin is uncertain, but red clay seems to be mostly derived from distant rivers, and windblown dust. Covering 38% of the ocean floor, it accumulates more slowly than any other sediment type, at only 0.1-0.5 cm / 1000 yr. ENVO ENVO:02000045 red clay Red clay, also known as pelagic clay, accumulates in the deepest and most remote areas of the ocean. Containing less than 30% biogenic material, its composition is a varied mix of very fine quartz and clay minerals, authigenic deposits precipitated directly from seawater, and micrometeorites. Though called "red" because it sometimes takes the color of oxidized iron minerals, it is usually brownish in color. Its ultimate origin is uncertain, but red clay seems to be mostly derived from distant rivers, and windblown dust. Covering 38% of the ocean floor, it accumulates more slowly than any other sediment type, at only 0.1-0.5 cm / 1000 yr. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagic_sediments Calcareous ooze is a marine sediment composed primarily of the shells--also known as tests--of foraminifera, coccolithophores, and pteropods. This is the most common pelagic sediment by area, covering 48% of the world ocean's floor. This type of ooze is limited to depths above the Carbonate Compensation Depth at time of burial. It accumulates more rapidly than any other pelagic sediment type, with a rate that varies from 0.3 - 5 cm / 1000 yr. ENVO ENVO:02000046 calcareous ooze Calcareous ooze is a marine sediment composed primarily of the shells--also known as tests--of foraminifera, coccolithophores, and pteropods. This is the most common pelagic sediment by area, covering 48% of the world ocean's floor. This type of ooze is limited to depths above the Carbonate Compensation Depth at time of burial. It accumulates more rapidly than any other pelagic sediment type, with a rate that varies from 0.3 - 5 cm / 1000 yr. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_sediment#_note-8 Animal feed is a biotic mesoscopic physical object consisting of any foodstuff that is used specifically to feed domesticated livestock, such as cattle, goats, sheep, horses, chickens and pigs. Most animal feed is from plants but some is of animal origin. Fodder refers particularly to food given to the animals (including plants cut and carried to them), rather than that which they forage for themselves. It includes hay, straw, silage, compressed and pelleted feeds, oils and mixed rations, and also sprouted grains and legumes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_feed fodder animal feed Animal feed is a biotic mesoscopic physical object consisting of any foodstuff that is used specifically to feed domesticated livestock, such as cattle, goats, sheep, horses, chickens and pigs. Most animal feed is from plants but some is of animal origin. Fodder refers particularly to food given to the animals (including plants cut and carried to them), rather than that which they forage for themselves. It includes hay, straw, silage, compressed and pelleted feeds, oils and mixed rations, and also sprouted grains and legumes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fodder Contaminated animal feed is an animal feed that has become contaminated with or come contact with microorganisms or toxic chemicals. ENVO ENVO:02000048 contaminated animal feed Contaminated animal feed is an animal feed that has become contaminated with or come contact with microorganisms or toxic chemicals. URL:http://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/infectioncontrol/glossary.htm Coastal water is a marine water body bordering a coast. envoPolar coastal water body Coastal water is a marine water body bordering a coast. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal FOODON:00001273 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinach ENVO ENVO:02000050 obsolete spinach true Raw milk which has not undergone the pasteurization process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unpasteurized_milk raw milk ENVO ENVO:02000051 obsolete unpasteurized milk product true Raw milk which has not undergone the pasteurization process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unpasteurized_milk A canopy designed to protect against precipitation or sunlight. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbrella ENVO ENVO:02000052 umbrella A canopy designed to protect against precipitation or sunlight. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbrella A skin obtained from animals for human use typically from deer or cattle sources used to produce leather, shoes, fashion accessories, musical instruments. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hide ENVO ENVO:02000053 hide A skin obtained from animals for human use typically from deer or cattle sources used to produce leather, shoes, fashion accessories, musical instruments. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hides A mixture of crushed and coarsely ground bones that is used as an organic fertilizer for plants and formerly in animal feed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_meal ENVO ENVO:02000054 bone meal A mixture of crushed and coarsely ground bones that is used as an organic fertilizer for plants and formerly in animal feed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_meal Plant feed is a biotic mesoscopic physical object consisting of any foodstuff that is used specifically to feed plants. ENVO ENVO:02000055 plant feed Plant feed is a biotic mesoscopic physical object consisting of any foodstuff that is used specifically to feed plants. ls:ls FOODON:00001274 ENVO ENVO:02000056 obsolete egg product true FOODON:00001275 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken_egg ENVO ENVO:02000057 obsolete hen's egg product true A textile comprised of a pliable material made usually by weaving, felting, or knitting natural or synthetic fibers and filaments. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloth ENVO ENVO:02000058 cloth A textile comprised of a pliable material made usually by weaving, felting, or knitting natural or synthetic fibers and filaments. URL:http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cloth A soil consisting of the upper layer of soil on the surface consisting of loose material capable of supporting life composed of a mixture of mineral and organic matter. ENVO ENVO:02000059 surface soil A soil consisting of the upper layer of soil on the surface consisting of loose material capable of supporting life composed of a mixture of mineral and organic matter. URL:http://www.answers.com/topic/topsoil?cat=technology https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil#_note-0 FOODON:00001276 ENVO:00002208 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_cider https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cider cider ENVO ENVO:02000060 obsolete apple cider true FOODON:00001277 ENVO ENVO:02000061 obsolete unpasteurized orange juice true https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dessert ENVO ENVO:02000062 obsolete dessert true FOODON:00001278 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cake ENVO ENVO:02000063 obsolete cake true FOODON:00001279 ENVO ENVO:02000064 obsolete cake icing true FOODON:00001280 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate ENVO ENVO:02000065 obsolete chocolate true FOODON:00001281 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Custard ENVO ENVO:02000066 obsolete custard true FOODON:00001282 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_beef beef mince hamburger meat minced beef ENVO ENVO:02000067 obsolete ground beef true FOODON:00001283 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poultry ENVO ENVO:02000068 obsolete poultry product true FOODON:00001284 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck ENVO ENVO:02000069 obsolete duck meat product true FOODON:00001285 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goose ENVO ENVO:02000070 obsolete goose meat product true FOODON:00001286 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey ENVO ENVO:02000071 obsolete turkey meat product true FOODON:00001287 SWEETRealm:Mushroom https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroom ENVO ENVO:02000072 obsolete mushroom true ENVO ENVO:02000073 obsolete bean plant true FOODON:00001288 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantaloupe cantaloup muskmelon ENVO ENVO:02000074 obsolete cantaloupe true ENVO ENVO:02000075 obsolete peanut plant true FOODON:00001289 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato_salad ENVO ENVO:02000076 obsolete potato salad true FOODON:00001290 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salad_dressing ENVO ENVO:02000077 obsolete salad dressing true FOODON:00001291 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clam ENVO ENVO:02000078 obsolete clam product true FOODON:00001292 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyster ENVO ENVO:02000079 obsolete oyster product true FOODON:00001293 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellfish ENVO ENVO:02000080 obsolete shellfish product true A written message from one person to another addressed to a person or organization. ENVO ENVO:02000081 letter A written message from one person to another addressed to a person or organization. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter FOODON:00001294 ENVO ENVO:02000082 obsolete unpasteurized goat milk cheese true FOODON:00001295 ENVO ENVO:02000083 obsolete Pecorino cheese true ENVO ENVO:02000084 goat manure FOODON:00001296 ENVO ENVO:02000085 obsolete unpasteurized sheep milk cheese true FOODON:00001297 ENVO ENVO:02000086 obsolete unpasteruized cow milk cheese true FOODON:00001298 ENVO ENVO:02000087 obsolete unpasteurized camel milk true FOODON:00001299 ENVO ENVO:02000088 obsolete unpasteurized caprine milk true FOODON:00001300 ENVO ENVO:02000089 obsolete unpasteurized ovine milk true A combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. cjm coal A combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. cjm iron mine cjm uranium mine a type of rock that contains sufficient minerals with important elements including metals that can be economically extracted from the rock. cjm ore cjm uranium ore cjm iron ore cjm gold ore cjm platinum ore Dust which is derived from coal. cjm coal dust Dust which is derived from mineral material. cjm mineral dust Dust which is composed of fibrous material. cjm fibrous dust cjm fibrous glass dust Dust which is composed primarily of some metallic material. cjm metallic dust cjm cement dust Dust which is derived from clay material. cjm clay dust cjm Dust which is derived from asbestos asbestos dust Dust that comes from grain and all the other substances associated with its cultivation & harvesting. cjm grain dust Dust that comes from grain and all the other substances associated with its cultivation & harvesting. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0305.html cjm cotton dust cjm dust from plant parts A surface mine that utilizes a technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow. cjm open-pit mine A surface mine that utilizes a technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow. cjm copper ore A gas, smoke, or vapor that smells strongly or is dangerous to inhale. cjm fume cjm welding fume cjm paraffin wax fume Respirable vapor of vanadium. cjm vanadium fume Respirable vapor of vanadium. cjm aluminum welding fume A wax that is naturally synthesized by a plant or animal. cjm natural wax A white or colourless soft solid derivable from petroleum, coal or oil shale, that consists of a mixture of hydrocarbon molecules containing between twenty and forty carbon atoms. cjm paraffin wax A white or colourless soft solid derivable from petroleum, coal or oil shale, that consists of a mixture of hydrocarbon molecules containing between twenty and forty carbon atoms. An organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen from which liquid hydrocarbons called shale oil can be produced. cjm kerogen shale oil shale An organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen from which liquid hydrocarbons called shale oil can be produced. kerogen shale cjm zinc chloride fume cjm peat extraction A hydrological process that results in the drainage of water from peatlands Typically a part of a peat extraction process cjm peat drainage A hydrological process that results in the drainage of water from peatlands Any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition that, after application to a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid film. It is most commonly used to protect, color, or provide texture to objects. cjm paint Any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition that, after application to a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid film. It is most commonly used to protect, color, or provide texture to objects. Paint that contains lead. cjm lead paint Paint that contains lead. A planned process that is the movement of people, animals and goods from one location to another. cjm transportation A planned process that is the movement of people, animals and goods from one location to another. A process in which includes the components of an environmental system as participants. This is a convenience class for organisation and should not be used for annotation. environmental system process a type of land degradation in which a relatively dry land region becomes increasingly arid, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife. desertification a type of land degradation in which a relatively dry land region becomes increasingly arid, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife. A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of inland and/or tidal waters, and/or the unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source. A great flow along a watercourse or a flow causing inundation of lands not normally covered by water. environmental_hazards flooding A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of inland and/or tidal waters, and/or the unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source. A great flow along a watercourse or a flow causing inundation of lands not normally covered by water. GEMET: http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/3301 A process which occurs within an atmosphere. This class will be populated by inference and is primarily organisational. atmospheric process A process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this re-radiation is back towards the surface and the lower atmosphere, it results in an elevation of the average surface temperature above what it would be in the absence of the gases. envoPolar greenhouse effect A process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this re-radiation is back towards the surface and the lower atmosphere, it results in an elevation of the average surface temperature above what it would be in the absence of the gases. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_effect A process which diminishes the functioning of an ecosystem located on land. An SDGIO request. Likely to be refined and revised. This could include, for example, reducing soil health, pollinator activity, or an ecosystem's ability to sequester carbon. land degradation A process which diminishes the functioning of an ecosystem located on land. http://www.who.int/globalchange/ecosystems/desert/en/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_degradation A process which consists of all photosynthesis processes instantiated in an ecosystem. See issue #275 envoPolar ecosystem-wide photosynthesis A process which consists of all respiration processes instantiated in an ecosystem. See issue #275 ecosystem-wide respiration A biogeochemical process during which one or more chemical compounds are sequentially converted into a series of related compounds in a regularly repeating, periodic fashion. envoPolar biogeochemical cycling A biogeochemical cycle which has carbon-bearing chemical entities as participants. envoPolar carbon cycling Establishment of a new forest by seeding or planting of nonforested land. Prior to afforestation, the land cover of a region must not include forests. afforestation Establishment of a new forest by seeding or planting of nonforested land. GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/167 The removal of forest and undergrowth to, for example, increase the surface of arable land or to use the timber for construction or industrial purposes. clearance clearing deforestation The removal of forest and undergrowth to, for example, increase the surface of arable land or to use the timber for construction or industrial purposes. http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept?cp=2036 The planting of trees in areas in where forests have previously been cleared. reforestation is reestablishment of forest where the forest recently existed[IPCC] reforestation The planting of trees in areas in where forests have previously been cleared. Adapted from GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/6979 To be populated through inference. Do not use for annotation. forest process forest area expansion ENVO:02500013 obsolete anthropogenic reforestation true A process during which the populations in a community of algae in a marine or freshwater ecosystem undergo rapid growth, resulting in high concentrations of algal cells that occur only periodically and briefly in that ecosystem, relative to their concentrations through the majority of the planetary orbital period. envoPolar This class is under development. Note that cyanobacterial blooms are often confused with algal blooms. There is no globally recognised threshold beyond which community density enters a bloom state. algal bloom process A process during which the populations in a community of algae in a marine or freshwater ecosystem undergo rapid growth, resulting in high concentrations of algal cells that occur only periodically and briefly in that ecosystem, relative to their concentrations through the majority of the planetary orbital period. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algal_bloom This class is under development. Note that cyanobacterial blooms are often confused with algal blooms. There is no globally recognised threshold beyond which community density enters a bloom state. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algal_bloom To be ceded to external ontology (e.g. pco) alga A process during which the rapid growth of algal populations that result in an algal bloom ceases, and cell densities begin to fall due to death, predation, and transport. algal bloom collapse A process during which the rapid growth of algal populations that result in an algal bloom ceases, and cell densities begin to fall due to death, predation, and transport. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algal_bloom algal bloom process phase A process during which the algal cells constituting an algal bloom produce biomass from abiotic components during photosynthesis. algal production TODO; add axioms pointing to GO organismal process; Add axioms pointing to toxin role accumulation of toxins from algal bloom process degradation of toxins from algal bloom process A process during which humans apply technology to alter the magnitude, duration, rate, or impact of an environmental process. Relabel the obo foundry unique label to be generic process anthropogenic modulatory intervention process An environmental process which is driven by the action of humans. anthropogenic environmental process An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one part of a planet's crust, transporting it to another location where it is deposited. envoPolar planetary erosion An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one part of a planet's crust, transporting it to another location where it is deposited. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion An erosional process in which bedrock is converted from its solid form into a solute by the action of some solvent. bedrock dissolution 1 1 A process during which chemicals that are involved in natural ecosystem processes are transported or transformed, and which impact the activity of biological entities envoPolar biogeochemical process A process during which chemicals that are involved in natural ecosystem processes are transported or transformed, and which impact the activity of biological entities https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeochemistry An environmental process which has water - in any of its states - as a participant. This classes asserted subclasses will be moved away as it should be an inferred class. hydrological process revegetation Evapotranspiration is the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration from the Earth's land and ocean surface to the atmosphere. evapotranspiration Evapotranspiration is the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration from the Earth's land and ocean surface to the atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evapotranspiration Evaporation is a form of vaporisation which occurs when a portion of the surface layer of a liquid in contact with a gaseous material, which is not saturated with the evaporating substance, vaporises. evaporation Evaporation is a form of vaporisation which occurs when a portion of the surface layer of a liquid in contact with a gaseous material, which is not saturated with the evaporating substance, vaporises. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporation Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts of that plant, such as from leaves but also from stems and flowers. Needs a process part "water transport" or similar and some link to plants to be complete. transpiration An environmental system process that results in the introduction of contaminants into an environment. pollution environmental_hazards Pollutants may be material or immaterial (e.g. heat energy) environmental pollution An environmental system process that results in the introduction of contaminants into an environment. A pollution process during which particulates or other contaminants are released into a portion of air. environmental_hazards envoPolar air pollution A pollution process during which contaminants are released into soil. environmental_hazards envoPolar soil pollution A pollution process during which contaminants are released into soil. A pollution process during which contaminants are released into water. environmental_hazards envoPolar water pollution A pollution process during which plastic contaminants are released into an environmental material. environmental_hazards envoPolar plastic pollution A pollution process during which plastic contaminants are released into an environmental material. An process in which environmental parameters and variables are continually assayed. monitoring environmental monitoring A planned process during which the amount of pollutants released into an environmental system is regulated. pollution prevention pollution control A monitoring process that assays the level of environmental pollutants to determine the presence of effect of environmental pollution. envoPolar pollution monitoring A pollution process that results in increased levels of pollutants in an urban environment. environmental_hazards urban pollution Partially compacted granular snow, which has undergone several cycles of melting and refreezing while being compacted, usually found on the atmosphere-exposed surface of a glacier. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 névé envoPolar Névé that survives a full season of ablation turns into firn. neve Partially compacted granular snow, which has undergone several cycles of melting and refreezing while being compacted, usually found on the atmosphere-exposed surface of a glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9v%C3%A9 Granular snow which contains a proportion of fused granules formed through melting and re-thawing while being compacted by the weight of overlying material and which contains interconnected gaseous pores. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar Firn derives from névé which has survived a full season of ablation and has undergone a metamorphic transition. firn Granular snow which contains a proportion of fused granules formed through melting and re-thawing while being compacted by the weight of overlying material and which contains interconnected gaseous pores. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firn A material transformation process during which recently precipitated, powdery snow transitions into firn or névé through compaction and/or through cycles of freezing and thawing. Link to mass wasting process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar Often, the weight of material deposited on top of powdery snow by, for example, mass wasting, can lead to nivation. nivation A material transformation process during which recently precipitated, powdery snow transitions into firn or névé through compaction and/or through cycles of freezing and thawing. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivation Any water ice that is part of a glacier. It is suggested that users complement this term with ice terms that are more descriptive of the ice itself, rather than its location/parthood. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar glacial ice Any water ice that is part of a glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier Glacial ice which contains material liberated during a glacial erosion process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar erosionally enriched glacial ice Glacial ice which contains material liberated during a glacial erosion process. https://www.asf.alaska.edu/blog/why-is-glacier-ice-blue/ An erosion process during which the movement of a glacier across a terrestrial surface causes the removal of material from that surface. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar glacial erosion process Water ice containing little to no air bubbles resulting in a reduction of internal light scattering and, given sufficient volume, a blue appearance. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar The blue 'appearance' is to be understood as that within the visual range of humans. blue ice Water ice containing little to no air bubbles resulting in a reduction of internal light scattering and, given sufficient volume, a blue appearance. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_ice_(glacial) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier A physical process during which atoms, molecules, or other consituents of a material entity are forced closer together. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar compaction process A physical process during which atoms, molecules, or other consituents of a material entity are forced closer together. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compaction A process during which the mass of one or more materials, present within a given site, increases. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar Experimental class for structural purposes not recommended for annotation. A material accumulation process ends a material transport process. material accumulation process A process during which material is displaced from its original location and transported either to a new location or back to the original location. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar Experimental class for structural purposes not recommended for annotation. material transport process A material accumulation process during which the mass of an existing ice mass increases. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 accumulation of ice ice accumulation envoPolar ice gain A material accumulation process during which the mass of an existing ice mass increases. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ablation_zone A material transport process during which the snow and ice constituting a glacier, and anything contained within it, is transported down a slope by gravitation. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 glacial movement envoPolar This must be differentiated from small ice masses simply falling or moving down slopes. In ENVO, this is a subclass of advective transport process, however, this may not be universally accepted by some which strictly limit advection to fluids. glacial transport process A small glacier contained within a cirque basin. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar cirque glacier A small glacier contained within a cirque basin. https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1216/text.html A depression which is part of a planetary crust, is of geographic scale, and is partially or completely enclosed. The general semantics of depression and geographic basin are still to be worked out see https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/486 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar geographic basin A depression which is part of a planetary crust, is of geographic scale, and is partially or completely enclosed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basin A process during which a mass composed of one or more environmental materials, present within a given site, decreases. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar Experimental class for structural purposes not recommended for annotation. material decumulation process A process during which a mass composed of one or more environmental materials, present within a given site, decreases. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/decumulation A process during which the mass of ice constituting a glacier decreases. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar glacial ice loss A stream which is primarily composed of meltwater and which flows within a glacier or ice sheet. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar englacial stream A stream which is primarily composed of meltwater and which flows within a glacier or ice sheet. http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095752518 A material transport process during which one or more environmental materials are transported by the action of wind. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 eolian æolian envoPolar aeolian transport process A material transport process during which one or more environmental materials are transported by the action of wind. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeolian_processes Particulate matter primarily composed of carbon particles formed through the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar soot Particulate matter primarily composed of carbon particles formed through the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soot Water ice which contains material liberated during an erosion process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar erosionally enriched ice Water ice which contains material liberated during an erosion process. https://www.asf.alaska.edu/blog/why-is-glacier-ice-blue/ Uncompacted snow containing trapped atmospheric gases. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar Described as having a fluffy appearance. powdery snow Uncompacted snow containing trapped atmospheric gases. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_snow https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/snow/science/characteristics.html A process during which the mass of ice constituting a glacier increases. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar glacial ice gain A process during which a part of a glacier breaks away from the main mass. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 glacier calving envoPolar Calving is usually caused by the expansion of glaciers. glacial ice calving process A process during which a part of a glacier breaks away from the main mass. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3522 A process during which a part of a glacier breaks away from the main mass as an iceberg. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 glacier calving envoPolar Calving is usually caused by the expansion of glaciers. iceberg calving process A process during which a part of a glacier breaks away from the main mass as an iceberg. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3522 A process during which a part of a glacier breaks away from the main mass as an iceberg. It would be ideal to express that the size of the icemass calved must be smaller than an iceberg. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 glacier calving envoPolar Calving is usually caused by the expansion of glaciers. calving of ice from an iceberg A process during which a part of a glacier breaks away from the main mass as an iceberg. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3522 Sediment which has been transported through the marine water column, settling on the seafloor. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 marine sediments envoPolar Particles of marine sediment are primarily generated by 1) processes in terrestrial systems and transported to the marine realm by the action of rivers or aeolian processes (amongst other routes) , 2) marine organisms, 3) chemical processes in seawater, or 4) cosmogeneous input. marine sediment Sediment which has been transported through the marine water column, settling on the seafloor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagic_sediment#_note-8 Marine sediment soured from either terrestrial systems, marine organisms, seawater and or cosmogeneous sources, which is transported through the marine water column, and accumulates within shallow regions of the oceanic basin close to continents, such as the continental shelf, or continental slope. In this definition we refer to sedimentation processes that occured above the shelf, however this should be relaxed to include the continental shelf and slope. output of sedimentation process which occured in neritic zone biome http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 shallow marine sediments neritic marine sediment envoPolar shallow marine sediment Marine sediment soured from either terrestrial systems, marine organisms, seawater and or cosmogeneous sources, which is transported through the marine water column, and accumulates within shallow regions of the oceanic basin close to continents, such as the continental shelf, or continental slope. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_shelf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagic_sediment#_note-8 A water body which is located in a depression within the surface of a glacier. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 supraglacial lakes envoPolar supraglacial lake A water body which is located in a depression within the surface of a glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraglacial_lake A material accumulation process during which solid particles are pulled through a water body by gravitation or centrifugal force and which ends when they settle on a solid surface. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar sedimentation in a water body An ablation zone which is part of a glacier. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 area of glacial ablation glacial ablation area glacial ice ablation area envoPolar glacial ice ablation zone An ablation zone which is part of a glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ablation Particulate matter which is composed primarily of dust, rock, and soot, as well as the microbial communities associated with these materials, deposited on an ice mass by an aeolian process. This actually is formed as a result of an accumulation process involving the constituents of cryoconite. When their semantics are more stable, we can axiomatise this fully. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5812-6405 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar cryoconite deposit Particulate matter which is composed primarily of dust, rock, and soot, as well as the microbial communities associated with these materials, deposited on an ice mass by an aeolian process. http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v13/n11/full/nrmicro3522.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryoconite A vertical thaw hole within an ice mass, formed as a result of ice melt associated with local temperature increases, due to increased absorption of solar radiation by cryoconite deposits. The general semantics of depressions are still to be worked out see https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/486 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 cryoconite holes envoPolar This class doesn't refer to the site but instead the depression or hole and therefore the adjacency to the cryoconite itself. cryoconite hole A vertical thaw hole within an ice mass, formed as a result of ice melt associated with local temperature increases, due to increased absorption of solar radiation by cryoconite deposits. http://glaciers.pdx.edu/Projects/Antarctica/CryoconiteHoles/Cryo_main.html A water body which forms as a result of localised melting taking place on the surface of a glacier or a mass of sea ice and which is contained in the cavity formed by such melting. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5812-6405 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 melt ponds meltpond meltponds envoPolar melt pond A water body which forms as a result of localised melting taking place on the surface of a glacier or a mass of sea ice and which is contained in the cavity formed by such melting. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melt_pond A channel through which brine flows. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 brine channels envoPolar brine channel A channel through which brine flows. https://askabiologist.asu.edu/brine-channels A material accumulation process during which brine droplets, trapped between ice crystals formed during seawater freezing, form brine channels. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar This process may be considered a material accumulation process as it is the accumulation of brine droplets which form the channels. brine channel formation process A material accumulation process during which brine droplets, trapped between ice crystals formed during seawater freezing, form brine channels. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/frazil A process during which a portion of some environmental material is converted into a different material or a collection of materials. A different material transformation process class (or similarly named class) pertaining to the conversion of a specific chemical into another belongs in CHEBI and or REX ontologies. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar Experimental class for structural purposes not recommended for annotation. A material transformation process only refers to ENVO:environmental material classes (e.g. bulk and typically impure substances), rather than transformations converting a specific chemical into another. material transformation process A material transformation process during which seawater freezes into sea ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar sea ice formation process A material transformation process during which seawater freezes into sea ice. http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Re-St/Sea-Water-Freezing-of.html A material transformation process during which brine is formed due to the expulsion of salt during frazil formation or a seawater freezing process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar Expelled salt accumulates in brine droplets, which remain in a liquid state due to their increased salinity. brine rejection from seawater A material transformation process during which brine is formed due to the expulsion of salt during frazil formation or a seawater freezing process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine_rejection New ice which is composed of small, needle-like crystals consisting of nearly pure fresh water. Needs to have axioms added pertaining to the semantics of colloids and suspensions once they have been resolved see: https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/91#issuecomment-290711238 Currently the new ice classes are not specific to sea water as they may form in non marine systems, but it would be good to confirm this especially for frazil ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar Typically 3 to 4 millimeters in diameter. These new ice classes refer to both marine water and fresh water ice. If using this term for annotation, use it in conjunction with another envo term to express whether the ice is in a marine, freshwater, or other system. frazil ice New ice which is composed of small, needle-like crystals consisting of nearly pure fresh water. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/frazil A new ice formation process during which small, needle-like crystals consisting of nearly pure fresh water, form due to the freezing of open, turbulent, supercooled water. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar frazil ice formation A new ice formation process during which small, needle-like crystals consisting of nearly pure fresh water, form due to the freezing of open, turbulent, supercooled water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frazil_ice#Formation https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/frazil A channel which traverses an ice mass floating on a water body and bridges the atmosphere to the underlying water through its internal cavity. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 thaw holes envoPolar thaw hole A channel which traverses an ice mass floating on a water body and bridges the atmosphere to the underlying water through its internal cavity. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary-terms/sea-ice A melt pond which has a surface exposed to the atmosphere. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5812-6405 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar atmosphere-exposed melt pond A melt pond which has a surface exposed to the atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melt_pond A melt pond which is completely encased in ice and thus not directly exposed to the atmosphere or underlying water. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5812-6405 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar In practice, there may be some openings which are small relative to the surface footprint of the meltpond. ice-encased melt pond A melt pond which is completely encased in ice and thus not directly exposed to the atmosphere or underlying water. https://phys.org/news/2017-01-arctic-ponds-meltwater-clogs-ice.html A lake which is comprised of meltwater located underneath or within a glacier. Add axioms to show that this is on the larger side in a size continuum between ice-encased meltponds and intraglacial lakes. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 intraglacial lakes envoPolar intraglacial lake A lake which is comprised of meltwater located underneath or within a glacier. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258663667_Detection_of_a_subglacial_lake_in_Glacier_de_Tete_Rousse_Mont_Blanc_area_France https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313281555_Antarctic_subglacial_lakes_drain_through_sediment-floored_canals_Theory_and_model_testing_on_real_and_idealized_domains A process during which material entities are added to a landform or to a feature upon the landform. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar depositional process A process during which material entities are added to a landform or to a feature upon the landform. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deposition_(geology) A desublimation process during which water vapour is frozen into water ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar desublimation of water vapour into ice An ice formation process during which water is frozen into a form of new ice such as frazil, grease ice, slush, or shuga. Make this class the union of the following processes: frazil ice formation, grease ice formation process, slush formation process, and shuga formation process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar new ice formation process An ice formation process during which water is frozen into a form of new ice such as frazil, grease ice, slush, or shuga. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/new-ice An ice formation process during which seawater is frozen into a sea ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:03000044 envoPolar obsolete sea ice formation process true An ice formation process during which seawater is frozen into a sea ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#Formation A sea ice formation process during which new ice crystals freeze together, forming nilas, a thin, elastic, continuous, ice sheet of a transparent gray color. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar nilas formation process A sea ice formation process during which new ice crystals freeze together, forming nilas, a thin, elastic, continuous, ice sheet of a transparent gray color. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/nilas A sea ice formation process during which water freezes to the bottom of an existing nilas ice floe creating a thicker ice floe known as young ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar young ice formation process A sea ice formation process during which water freezes to the bottom of an existing nilas ice floe creating a thicker ice floe known as young ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice A sea ice formation process during which seawater freezes onto young ice during the cold season, forming first year ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar First year ice that survives melting during spring and summer can transition to second year ice. first year ice formation process A sea ice formation process during which seawater freezes onto young ice during the cold season, forming first year ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice A sea ice formation process during which seawater freezes onto first year ice during the cold season, forming second year sea ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar Second year ice forms from first year ice which has previously survived one melt season. second year ice formation A sea ice formation process during which seawater freezes onto first year ice during the cold season, forming second year sea ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice A sea ice formation process during which seawater freezes into second year ice during the cold season, forming multiyear ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar Multiyear ice forms from second year ice which has previously survived at least two melt seasons. multiyear ice formation process A sea ice formation process during which seawater freezes into second year ice during the cold season, forming multiyear ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice Water ice which is formed from freezing water and is suspended in a water body. Currently the new ice classes are not specific to sea water as they may form in non marine systems, but it would be good to confirm this especially for frazil ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar sea ice types include frazil, grease ice, slush, and shuga. These new ice classes refer to both marine water and fresh water ice. If using this term for annotation, use it in conjunction with another envo term to express whether the ice is in a marine, freshwater, or other system. new ice Water ice which is formed from freezing water and is suspended in a water body. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/new-ice A cohesive sheet of water ice which floats upon the surface of a water body. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 ice floes envoPolar Ice floes can exist in sea ice, in rivers or lakes. ice floe A cohesive sheet of water ice which floats upon the surface of a water body. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/ice-floe An ice floe which is formed from frozen sea water, and floats upon the surface of a marine water body. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 sea ice floes envoPolar sea ice floe An ice floe which is formed from frozen sea water, and floats upon the surface of a marine water body. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/ice-floe A sea ice floe which has a rounded or circular shape and raised rims. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar pancake ice A sea ice floe which has a rounded or circular shape and raised rims. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancake_ice https://web.archive.org/web/20040712022508/http://ice-glaces.ec.gc.ca:80/App/WsvPageDsp.cfm?ID=10992&Lang=eng A sea ice floe which is thin, elastic, continuous, and of a transparent gray color, which results from the freezing of new ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar nilas A sea ice floe which is thin, elastic, continuous, and of a transparent gray color, which results from the freezing of new ice. http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/nilas https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/nilas A sea ice floe which is inflexible and thicker than nilas. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar young ice A sea ice floe which is inflexible and thicker than nilas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice Sea ice which is thicker than young ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar First year ice that survives a seasonal melting process becomes second year ice. first year ice Sea ice which is thicker than young ice. http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/tag/first-year-ice/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice Sea ice which is thicker than first year ice, and has survived a seasonal melting process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar second year ice Sea ice which is thicker than first year ice, and has survived a seasonal melting process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice Sea ice which is thicker than second year ice, and has survived more than two seasonal melting process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar multiyear ice Sea ice which is thicker than second year ice, and has survived more than two seasonal melting process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice A layer which consists of a thin aggregate of frazil ice crystals, which float upon the surface of a water body. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar Within a marine system, grease ice makes the ocean surface resemble an oil slick. grease ice layer A layer which consists of a thin aggregate of frazil ice crystals, which float upon the surface of a water body. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/grease-ice New ice, which is spongy, lumpy and opaque, and forms from water which freezes in an agitated water body. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar These new ice classes refer to both marine water and fresh water ice. If using this term for annotation, use it in conjunction with another envo term to express whether the ice is in a marine, freshwater, or other system. shuga New ice, which is spongy, lumpy and opaque, and forms from water which freezes in an agitated water body. http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/shuga https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/shuga A slurry of frazil, snow, and liquid water. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar These new ice classes refer to both marine water and fresh water ice. If using this term for annotation, use it in conjunction with another envo term to express whether the ice is in a marine, freshwater, or other system. slush ice A slurry of frazil, snow, and liquid water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slush https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/slush A layer which consists of slush ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar slush ice layer A layer which consists of slush ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slush A new ice formation process in which slush ice is formed. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar slush formation process A new ice formation process in which shuga is formed. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar shuga formation process A freshwater lake which fills a depression formed by the erosion of thermokarst caused by permafrost thaw. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 cave-in lake thaw lake thermokarst lakes envoPolar Continued thawing of the permafrost substrate can lead to the drainage and eventual disappearance of thermokarst lakes, leaving only the landform, thermokarst depression behind. thermokarst lake A freshwater lake which fills a depression formed by the erosion of thermokarst caused by permafrost thaw. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermokarst A thermokarst lake through which methane gas released from thawing permafrost, or other methane stores, rises and escapes to the atmosphere. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar On Earth, the bright blue appearance, in the light spectrum visible to humans, is due to increased abundances of microorganisms attracted to sulfur compounds associated with the methane release. methane-releasing thermokarst lake A thermokarst lake through which methane gas released from thawing permafrost, or other methane stores, rises and escapes to the atmosphere. http://www.sciencealert.com/photos-reveal-more-than-200-bright-blue-arctic-lakes-have-started-bubbling-with-methane-gas A geographic basin which is formed due to the erosion of thermokarst by meltwater released from thawing permafrost. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar thermokarst depression A geographic basin which is formed due to the erosion of thermokarst by meltwater released from thawing permafrost. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermokarst An irregular land surface which consists of marshy hollows, hummocks, thermokarst depressions and thermokarst lakes formed from the erosion of ice-rich thawing permafrost areas. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar Thermokarst is usually found in Arctic or mountainous areas. thermokarst An irregular land surface which consists of marshy hollows, hummocks, thermokarst depressions and thermokarst lakes formed from the erosion of ice-rich thawing permafrost areas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermokarst A process during which permafrost is warmed such that a portion of its constituent water ice is converted into meltwater. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar permafrost thawing process A process during which permafrost is warmed such that a portion of its constituent water ice is converted into meltwater. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrost Permafrost which contains pockets of trapped methane gas. It would probably be better to assert parthood between the permafrost and cavities filled with gas rather than the gases themselves. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 bulgunyakh envoPolar Other hydrocarbon gasses such as carbon dioxide may also be present. These pockets can be sufficently large that the permafrost surface will undulate when pressure is applied. methane-laden permafrost Permafrost which contains pockets of trapped methane gas. http://www.nature.com/news/mysterious-siberian-crater-attributed-to-methane-1.15649 http://www.sciencealert.com/7-000-huge-gas-bubbles-have-formed-under-siberia-and-could-explode-at-any-moment A crater which is found in permafrost and formed as a result of an explosion fuelled by methane formerly contained in that permafrost. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 gigantic funnel envoPolar methane-sourced permafrost crater A crater which is found in permafrost and formed as a result of an explosion fuelled by methane formerly contained in that permafrost. http://www.nature.com/news/mysterious-siberian-crater-attributed-to-methane-1.15649 http://www.sciencealert.com/7-000-huge-gas-bubbles-have-formed-under-siberia-and-could-explode-at-any-moment A process during which a material entity undergoes a rapid increase in volume, releasing gasses and various forms of energy, often including thermal, light and sound energy. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 explosion envoPolar Supersonic explosions are known as detonations and subsonic explosions as deflagrations. explosion process A process during which a material entity undergoes a rapid increase in volume, releasing gasses and various forms of energy, often including thermal, light and sound energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosion An explosion during which methane-rich gas trapped in permafrost combusts. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 environmental_hazards envoPolar permafrost methane explosion An explosion during which methane-rich gas trapped in permafrost combusts. http://www.nature.com/news/mysterious-siberian-crater-attributed-to-methane-1.15649 http://www.sciencealert.com/7-000-huge-gas-bubbles-have-formed-under-siberia-and-could-explode-at-any-moment A material transport process during which a portion of gaseous environmental material is transported into the atmosphere. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar gas emission process A material transport process during which a portion of gaseous environmental material is transported into the atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas A gas emission process during which a portion of hydrocarbon gas is transported into the atmosphere. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar Some hydrocarbon gasses within the atmosphere contribute to the planetary green house gas effect by increasing absorption of solar energy. hydrocarbon gas emission process A gas emission process during which a portion of hydrocarbon gas is transported into the atmosphere. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases A hydrocarbon gas emission process during which a portion of methane gas is transported into the atmosphere. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar Methane is emitted during the production and transport of coal, natural gas, and oil. Methane emissions also result from livestock and other agricultural practices and by the decay of organic waste in municipal solid waste landfills. methane gas emission process A hydrocarbon gas emission process during which a portion of methane gas is transported into the atmosphere. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases A process during which the intesity of stellar radiation received by a planet's surface varies in a cyclical regime due to the planet's orbital motion around the barycentre of a planetary system and/or the tilt of its rotational axis relative to its orbital plane. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar The seasons that are generated by this process are divisions of time between warm (maximal radiation exposure) and cold (minimum radiation exposure) extremes. Depending on the planet's makeup, the resulting seasonal dynamics may include ecological and meteorological cycles which may form the basis for further divisions of the cycle (e.g. rainy season, dry season, wildfire season). season generating process A one-dimensional temporal region which is delimited by the occurrence of processes which serve as its delimiters. Season could be implemented as a subclass of one-dimensional temporal region, however, this will need further thought and discussion with BFO editors. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoAstro envoPolar season A season during which the average temperature of a planetary part exceeds that of all other seasons it endures during a season generating process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar The boundaries of seasons are typically fiat and should be defined on a data/information layer. This also pertains to the amount of time included when averaging measured values of qualities like temperature. warm season A season during which the average temperature of a planetary part is below that of all other seasons it endures during a season generating process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar The boundaries of seasons are typically fiat and should be defined on a data/information layer. This also pertains to the amount of time included when averaging measured values of qualities like temperature. cold season A material transformation process during which a material entity melts during a warm season. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar seasonal melting process A compaction process during which a material entity subjected to heat and/or pressure is compacted into a solid mass without undergoing melting. We should add the subclass axiom: 'has output' some ('environmental material' and 'has quality' some 'decreased porosity') once PATO:decreased porosity is available see ENVO issue #497 Additional axioms could also refer to object aggregates becoming objects within an environmental material. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar solid-phase sintering A compaction process during which a material entity subjected to heat and/or pressure is compacted into a solid mass without undergoing melting. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintering A sintering process during which snow is compacted into glacial ice. Axioms will probably need to be updated if the axiomatisation of solid-phase sintering changes. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar glacial sintering A sintering process during which snow is compacted into glacial ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintering An aeolian transport process during which powdery snow is displaced and moved. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar aeolian transport of snow An aeolian transport process during which powdery snow is displaced and moved. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow#Drifting An accumulation process during which a powdery snow carried on the wind settles on a solid surface, forming a mound. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 drifting of unsintered snow envoPolar snow drift formation A mass wasting process during which slab snow rapidly moves down a sloping surface. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 environmental_hazards envoPolar Slab avalanches account for most back-country fatalities. slab avalanche A mass wasting process during which slab snow rapidly moves down a sloping surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow#Avalanche An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a sloping surface. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 powder snow avalanche environmental_hazards envoPolar powdery snow avalanche An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a sloping surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow#Avalanche An avalanche during which a suspension of water and snow flows down a sloping surface. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 environmental_hazards envoPolar Wet snow avalanches travel at a lower velocity than other types of avalanches. wet snow avalanche An avalanche during which a suspension of water and snow flows down a sloping surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow#Avalanche Snow which is cohesive, hard and overlies weaker snow. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar slab snow Snow which is cohesive, hard and overlies weaker snow. http://www.fsavalanche.org/slab A geographic feature which is primarily composed of a continuous mass of snow and/or ice. Place holder class. Also the axiom should be changed to something along the lines of 'primairly composed of’ some ‘environmental material’ and ‘has quality’ frozen once PATO:frozen is imported. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar cryoform A mass of snow. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar snow mass An accumulation of powdery snow which was transported and deposited via a snow drifting process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 snowdrift unsintered snow envoPolar snow drift An accumulation of powdery snow which was transported and deposited via a snow drifting process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow#Drifting An accumulation of snow and firn which rests upon land. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 snowpatch envoPolar snow patch A snow patch which forms during a cold season and melts away during the succeeding warm season. Need to find a way of expression the fact that it 'ends during' some 'warm season' (but not with that axiom as that is for processes not a material entity). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 seasonal snowpatch envoPolar seasonal snow patch A snow patch which persists through at least one seasonal cycle. Need to find a way of expression the fact that it has survived two or more melt seasons. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 perennial snowpatch envoPolar A snow patch is defined as perennial if it survives two or more melt seasons. perennial snow patch A layer which consists of an accumulation of snow. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar Snowpack is found in geographic regions experiencing cold weather for extended periods of time. snowpack A layer which consists of an accumulation of snow. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowpack A structure which traverses a mass of one or more environmental materials, and encloses a roughly tubular site. Intended to be a top level class for wide variety of channel-like entities. It’s particulars may change once more subclasses are accumulated. This is distinct from 'channel of a watercourse', which is a depression. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar channel A structure which traverses a mass of one or more environmental materials, and encloses a roughly tubular site. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/channel A melt pond which and is exposed to the atmosphere and to a lesser degree water underlying the ice mass which contains it. It would be good to add an axiom such as 'continuous with' some 'water body'. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5812-6405 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 open melt pond envoPolar atmosphere and water column exposed melt pond A melt pond which is formed close to that part of an ice mass which is in contact with some underlying water body, and which has channels connecting it to that water body. It would be good to add an axiom such as 'continuous with' some 'water body'. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5812-6405 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar water column exposed melt pond A lake which is situated beneath a glacier. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 subglacial lakes envoPolar subglacial lake A lake which is situated beneath a glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subglacial_lake An erosion process during which rock or soil is removed or degraded due to alternative thawing and freezing of meltwater beneath and at the margins of snowbanks. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar erosion through nivation An erosion process during which rock or soil is removed or degraded due to alternative thawing and freezing of meltwater beneath and at the margins of snowbanks. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nivation An environment that is determined by an axilla skin. TermGenie 2014-12-15T22:32:00Z envoMeo axilla skin environment true true An environment that is determined by an axilla skin. GOC:TermGenie An environment that is determined by a mouth. TermGenie 2015-04-10T23:34:03Z envoMeo mouth environment true true An environment that is determined by a mouth. GOC:TermGenie The solubility of a carbon atom when measured in environmental material. environmental material carbon atom solubility solubility of carbon atom in environmental material The solubility of a carbon atom when measured in soil. soil carbon atom solubility solubility of carbon atom in soil The solubility of a carbon atom when measured in water. water carbon atom solubility solubility of carbon atom in water The amount of a carbon atom when measured in environmental material. environmental material carbon atom amount amount of carbon atom in environmental material The amount of a carbon atom when measured in soil. soil carbon atom amount amount of carbon atom in soil The amount of a carbon atom when measured in water. water carbon atom amount amount of carbon atom in water The concentration of a carbon atom when measured in environmental material. environmental material carbon atom concentration concentration of carbon atom in environmental material The concentration of a carbon atom when measured in soil. soil carbon atom concentration concentration of carbon atom in soil The concentration of a carbon atom when measured in water. water carbon atom concentration concentration of carbon atom in water The solubility of a nitrogen atom when measured in environmental material. environmental material nitrogen atom solubility solubility of nitrogen atom in environmental material The solubility of a nitrogen atom when measured in soil. soil nitrogen atom solubility solubility of nitrogen atom in soil The solubility of a nitrogen atom when measured in water. water nitrogen atom solubility solubility of nitrogen atom in water The amount of a nitrogen atom when measured in environmental material. environmental material nitrogen atom amount amount of nitrogen atom in environmental material The amount of a nitrogen atom when measured in soil. soil nitrogen atom amount amount of nitrogen atom in soil The amount of a nitrogen atom when measured in water. water nitrogen atom amount amount of nitrogen atom in water The concentration of a nitrogen atom when measured in environmental material. environmental material nitrogen atom concentration concentration of nitrogen atom in environmental material The concentration of a nitrogen atom when measured in soil. soil nitrogen atom concentration concentration of nitrogen atom in soil The concentration of a nitrogen atom when measured in water. water nitrogen atom concentration concentration of nitrogen atom in water The concentration of a chloride when measured in water. water chloride concentration concentration of chloride in water The carbon atom in a dissolved state when measured in environmental material. environmental material dissolved carbon atom dissolved carbon atom in environmental material The carbon atom in a dissolved state when measured in soil. soil dissolved carbon atom dissolved carbon atom in soil The carbon atom in a dissolved state when measured in water. water dissolved carbon atom dissolved carbon atom in water The nitrogen atom in a dissolved state when measured in environmental material. environmental material dissolved nitrogen atom dissolved nitrogen atom in environmental material The nitrogen atom in a dissolved state when measured in soil. soil dissolved nitrogen atom dissolved nitrogen atom in soil The nitrogen atom in a dissolved state when measured in water. water dissolved nitrogen atom dissolved nitrogen atom in water The temperature of some environmental material. environmental material temperature temperature of environmental material The temperature of some air. air temperature temperature of air The quality of a environmental system process. quality of environmental system process environmental system process quality The intensity of a atmospheric wind. intensity of atmospheric wind atmospheric wind intensity The porosity of some soil. soil porosity porosity of soil The mass density of some soil. soil mass density mass density of soil The concentration of a ammonium when measured in soil. soil ammonium concentration concentration of ammonium in soil The concentration of a nitrate when measured in soil. soil nitrate concentration concentration of nitrate in soil The composition of some soil. soil composition composition of soil The structure of some soil. soil structure structure of soil The acidity of some soil. soil acidity acidity of soil The pressure of some air. air pressure pressure of air The temperature of some soil. soil temperature temperature of soil The wetness of some soil. soil wetness wetness of soil The temperature of some water. water temperature temperature of water The humidity of some soil. soil humidity humidity of soil The conductivity of some soil. soil conductivity conductivity of soil The concentration of a nitrate when measured in groundwater. ground water nitrate concentration groundwater nitrate concentration concentration of nitrate in groundwater The concentration of oxygen when measured in water. water oxygen concentration concentration of oxygen in water The concentration of oxygen when measured in water. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7733-0193 https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/553 A hydrological precipitation process with a reduced rate relative to some historical average, typically resulting in ecosystemic perturbations. Drought is often defined as a temporal period of below-average precipitation, however, representing it as a temporal entity seems insufficient. environmental_hazards drought A gelatinous material primarily composed of exopolymeric compounds with colloidal properties, formed through the aggregation of marine snow particles, often found in large sheets, flocs, and clouds. See issue #276. This class is complex as marine mucilage is quite complex. It will also requre new class creation in GO process for deeper semantics. sea snot The formation of marine mucilage is often associated with conditions which stress marine microorganisms such as diatoms. marine mucilage A gelatinous material primarily composed of exopolymeric compounds with colloidal properties, formed through the aggregation of marine snow particles, often found in large sheets, flocs, and clouds. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0007006 A process in which carbohydrates are transported from the interior of an organism to its surroundings. Class for testing with marine mucilage. exudation of carbohydrates A process which results in the formation of an island. Addressing Issue #268. This top-level class may be converted to an inferred class. island formation process An island created when a continent is rifted. "Examples are Madagascar and Socotra off Africa, the Kerguelen Islands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, and some of the Seychelles." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island microcontinental island An island created when a continent is rifted. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island An island formed by deposition of solid material such as sand or small rocks where a water current loses some of its carrying capacity. depositional island An island formed by deposition of solid material such as sand or small rocks where a water current loses some of its carrying capacity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island An island formed by the accumulation of sand deposited by sea currents on a continental shelves barrier island An island formed by the accumulation of sand deposited by sea currents on a continental shelves https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island A manufactured product that is some mixture of chemicals created through some chemical engineering process cjm 2013-04-27T10:32:07Z ENVO ENVO:2000000 chemical product A manufactured product that is some mixture of chemicals created through some chemical engineering process ENVO:cjm The portion of chemical products obtained by the distillation of a tar that remains heavier than water, notably useful for its anti-septic and preservative properties cjm 2013-04-27T10:35:14Z https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creosote ENVO ENVO:2000001 creosote The portion of chemical products obtained by the distillation of a tar that remains heavier than water, notably useful for its anti-septic and preservative properties https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creosote A wastewater treatment plant that treates industrial wastewater. Industrial wastewater treatment covers the mechanisms and processes used to treat waters that have been contaminated in some way by anthropogenic industrial or commercial activities prior to its release into the environment or its re-use. cjm 2013-04-27T03:16:01Z ENVO ENVO:2000002 industrial wastewate treatment plant A wastewater treatment plant that treates industrial wastewater. Industrial wastewater treatment covers the mechanisms and processes used to treat waters that have been contaminated in some way by anthropogenic industrial or commercial activities prior to its release into the environment or its re-use. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_wastewater_treatment A wastewater treatment plant that treats agriculatural wastewater. Agricultural wastewater treatment relates to the treatment of wastewaters produced in the course of agricultural activities. Agriculture is a highly intensified industry in many parts of the world, producing a range of wastewaters requiring a variety of treatment technologies and management practices. cjm 2013-04-27T03:17:36Z ENVO ENVO:2000003 agricultural wastewater treatment plant A wastewater treatment plant that treats agriculatural wastewater. Agricultural wastewater treatment relates to the treatment of wastewaters produced in the course of agricultural activities. Agriculture is a highly intensified industry in many parts of the world, producing a range of wastewaters requiring a variety of treatment technologies and management practices. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_wastewater_treatment A feature that arises from a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae (typically microscopic) in an aquatic system. cjm 2013-04-27T04:26:24Z EcoLexicon:algal_bloom SWEETRealm:AlgalBloom https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algal_bloom ENVO ENVO:2000004 algal bloom A feature that arises from a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae (typically microscopic) in an aquatic system. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algal_bloom An algal bloom that is located in freshwater. Freshwater algal blooms are the result of an excess of nutrients, particularly some phosphates. cjm 2013-04-27T04:28:27Z ENVO ENVO:2000005 envoPolar freshwater algal bloom An algal bloom that is located in freshwater. Freshwater algal blooms are the result of an excess of nutrients, particularly some phosphates. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algal_bloom#Freshwater_algal_blooms An animal habitation constructed by termites. Termite workers build and maintain nests which house the colony. These are elaborate structures made using a combination of soil, mud, chewed wood/cellulose, saliva, and faeces. A nest has many functions such as providing a protected living space and water conservation (through controlled condensation). cjm 2013-04-27T04:49:24Z termite nest ENVO ENVO:2000006 nest of termite An animal habitation constructed by termites. Termite workers build and maintain nests which house the colony. These are elaborate structures made using a combination of soil, mud, chewed wood/cellulose, saliva, and faeces. A nest has many functions such as providing a protected living space and water conservation (through controlled condensation). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termite#Nests An environment which is determined by an anatomical entity. anatomical entity environment An environmental system determined by an intestine. envoMeo intestine environment An environment determined by an area or zone of skin tissue. envoMeo skin environment integumental system environment envoMeo face skin environment envoMeo feather environment envoPolar envoPolar envoPolar envoPolar envoPolar envoPolar envoPolar envoPolar locomotion envoPolar A vehicle which uses a motor to impel itself along a track to which its movements are constrained. Definition created on the Shinkansen from Tokyo to Morioka for the 2017 BioHackathon. Contributors to add to xrefs: Seth Carbon and Mark Wilkinson. Conceivably, cable cars and ski lifts are also trains. Further, entities like hand cars (platforms with wheels propelled along train tracks) are usually not considered trains. train A zone of skin that is part of a axilla. FMA:37322 MA:0003087 axillary skin skin of axilla axilla skin A zone of skin that is part of a axilla. OBOL:automatic third planet from the Sun in the Solar System Earth third planet from the Sun in the Solar System https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2 "Suni, or Jalca, is one of the eight Natural Regions of Peru. It is located in the Andes at an altitude between 3,500 and 4,000 metres above sea level. Suni has a dry and cold weather and there are many glacial valleys. The flora includes gramineous plants and shrubs such as the taya-taya (Caesalpinia spinosa), the quishuar (Buddleja coriacea), and the cantuta (Cantua buxifolia) which was considered sacred by the Incas. Even though it is hard for plants to grow because of the weather, people are able to cultivate such crops as quinoa, qañiwa, broad beans and ulluku (Ullucus tuberosus). The main fauna is the guinea pig and, among numerous other highland birds, the Chiguanco thrush." Jalca Suni "Suni, or Jalca, is one of the eight Natural Regions of Peru. It is located in the Andes at an altitude between 3,500 and 4,000 metres above sea level. Suni has a dry and cold weather and there are many glacial valleys. The flora includes gramineous plants and shrubs such as the taya-taya (Caesalpinia spinosa), the quishuar (Buddleja coriacea), and the cantuta (Cantua buxifolia) which was considered sacred by the Incas. Even though it is hard for plants to grow because of the weather, people are able to cultivate such crops as quinoa, qañiwa, broad beans and ulluku (Ullucus tuberosus). The main fauna is the guinea pig and, among numerous other highland birds, the Chiguanco thrush." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suni_(geography) Earth's interconnected water system World Ocean Earth's interconnected water system https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q715269 editor preferred term~editor preferred label imported from expand expression to temporal interpretation An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context.